The Little, Brown handbook

著者

書誌事項

The Little, Brown handbook

H. Ramsey Fowler, Jane E. Aaron, Michael Greer

Pearson, c2023 [i.e. 2022]

14th ed., global ed

  • : [pbk.]

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注記

Previous ed.: 2016

Includes index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

For courses in English Composition. The platinum standard of handbooks - unmatched in accuracy, currency, and reliability The Little, Brown Handbook is an essential reference tool designed to help readers find the answers they need quickly and easily. While keeping pace with rapid changes in writing and its teaching, this meticulous handbook combines comprehensive research and documentation with grammar coverage that is second to none. Incorporating detailed discussions of critical reading, media literacy, academic writing, argument, and much more, The Little, Brown Handbook is an accurate, reliable, and accessible resource for writers of varying experience levels and in a variety of fields. The 14th Edition includes over 90 new student samples, new learning objectives, updates to MLA and Chicago style, a new chapter on writing about literature, and more. The Little, Brown Handbook is also available via RevelTM, an interactive learning environment that enables students to read, practice, and study in one continuous experience. Learn more about Revel.

目次

I. The Process of Writing Assessing the Writing Situation 1.1 How Writing Happens 1.2 The Writing Situation 1.3 Audience 1.4 Purpose 1.5 Subject 1.6 Genre and Medium Discovering and Shaping Ideas 2.1 Invention 2.2 Thesis 2.3 Organization Sample Informative Essay Drafting, Revising, and Editing 3.1 First Draft Sample First Draft 3.2 Revising 3.3 Peer Review 3.4 Sample Revision Sample Revised Draft 3.5 Editing 3.6 Final Draft Sample Final Draft Writing and Revising Paragraphs 4.1 Flow 4.2 Unity 4.3 Coherence 4.4 Development 4.5 Introductions, Conclusions, and Transitions Presenting Writing 5.1 Academic Writing 5.2 Visuals and Media 5.3 Writing Online Sample Literacy Narrative Blog Post 5.4 Oral Presentations Sample Presentation Slides 5.5 Portfolios II. Reading and Writing in and out of College Writing in Academic Situations 6.1 Purpose and Audience 6.2 Genre 6.3 Writing with Sources 6.4 Academic Language 6.5 Communication in Academic Settings Critical Reading and Writing 7.1 Critical Thinking 7.2 Techniques of Critical Reading 7.3 Summarizing 7.4 Critical Response 7.5 Visual Analysis 7.6 Writing a Critical Analysis 7.7 Sample Critical Responses Sample Critical Analysis of a Text Sample Critical Analysis of a Visual Reading Arguments Critically 8.1 The Elements of Argument 8.2 Claims 8.3 Evidence 8.4 Reliability 8.5 Assumptions 8.6 Language and Tone 8.7 Fallacies 8.8 Visual Arguments Writing an Argument 9.1 Subject 9.2 Thesis, Purpose, and Audience 9.3 Reasoning 9.4 Evidence 9.5 Engaging Readers 9.6 Organizing and Revising 9.7 Sample Argument Sample Proposal Argument Taking Essay Exams 10.1 Preparing 10.2 Planning 10.3 Writing Sample Essay Exam Answer Public Writing 11.1 Social Media 11.2 Letters and Memos Sample Business Letter Sample Memo 11.3 Job Applications Sample Job Application Letter Sample Resumes 11.4 Reports and Proposals Sample Report and Proposal 11.5 Community Service Sample Social-Media Post III. Grammatical Sentences Understanding Sentence Grammar 12.1 Sentence Basics 12.2 Sentence Patterns 12.3 Single-Word Modifiers 12.4 Word Groups 12.5 Compound Constructions 12.6 Inverted Order 12.7 Sentence Types Case of Nouns and Pronouns 13.1 Subjective, Objective, and Possessive Cases 13.2 Compound Subjects and Objects 13.3 Common Questions about Case Verbs 14.1 Verb Forms 14.2 Easily Confused Verb Forms 14.3 Verb Endings 14.4 Helping Verbs 14.5 Verbs with Gerunds and Infinitives 14.6 Verbs with Particles 14.7 Verb Tenses 14.8 Sequence of Tenses 14.9 Subjunctive Mood 14.10 Active and Passive Voice Agreement 15.1 Subject-Verb Agreement 15.2 Unusual Word Order 15.3 Subjects Joined by Conjunctions 15.4 Indefinite and Relative Pronouns 15.5 Collective and Plural Nouns 15.6 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement Adjectives and Adverbs 16.1 Functions of Adjectives and Adverbs 16.2 Comparative and Superlative Forms 16.3 Double Negatives 16.4 Nouns as Modifiers 16.5 Determiners IV. Clear Sentences Sentence Fragments 17.1 Identifying Fragments 17.2 Correcting Fragments 17.3 Common Types of Fragments 17.4 Acceptable Fragments Comma Splices and Fused Sentences 18.1 Identifying Comma Splices and Fused Sentences 18.2 Correcting Comma Splices and Fused Sentences Pronoun Reference 19.1 Clear Reference 19.2 Close Reference 19.3 Specific Reference 19.4 Appropriate You, Who, Which, and That Shifts 20.1 Types of Shifts 20.2 Person and Number 20.3 Tense and Mood 20.4 Subject and Voice 20.5 Direct and Indirect Quotations and Questions Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 21.1 Clear Placement 21.2 Limiting Modifiers 21.3 Squinting Modifiers 21.4 Separated Subjects, Verbs, and Objects 21.5 Separated Infinitives and Verb Phrases 21.6 Position of Adverbs 21.7 Order of Adjectives 21.8 Dangling Modifiers Mixed and Incomplete Sentences 22.1 Mixed Grammar 22.2 Mixed Meaning 22.3 Incomplete Compounds 22.4 Incomplete Comparisons 22.5 Careless Omissions V. Effective Sentences Emphasizing Ideas 23.1 Subjects and Verbs 23.2 Subject Beginnings and Endings 23.3 Parallel Elements 23.4 Repetition and Separation 23.5 Conciseness Using Coordination and Subordination 24.1 Coordination 24.2 Subordination 24.3 Connecting Words Using Parallelism 25.1 Understanding Parallelism 25.2 Equal Elements 25.3 Coherence Achieving Variety 26.1 Sentence Length and Structure 26.2 Sentence Beginnings 26.3 Word Order VI. Punctuation Chart: Commas, Semicolons, Colons, Dashes, and Parentheses End Punctuation 27.1 Period 27.2 Question Mark 27.3 Exclamation Point The Comma 28.1 Uses of the Comma 28.2 Main Clauses Linked by Conjunctions 28.3 Introductory Elements 28.4 Nonessential Elements 28.5 Series and Coordinate Adjectives 28.6 Quotations and Other Conventional Uses 28.7 Unnecessary Commas The Semicolon 29.1 Main Clauses without Coordinating Conjunctions 29.2 Main Clauses with Transitional Words 29.3 Main Clauses That Are Long or Contain Commas 29.4 Items in a Series 29.5 Unnecessary Semicolons The Apostrophe 30.1 Possession 30.2 Contractions and Abbreviations Quotation Marks 31.1 Direct Quotations 31.2 Titles of Works 31.3 Words Used in a Special Sense 31.4 With Other Punctuation Other Punctuation Marks 32.1 Colon 32.2 Dash 32.3 Parentheses 32.4 Brackets 32.5 Ellipsis Mark 32.6 Slash VII. Mechanics Capitals 33.1 Conventions 33.2 First Word of Sentence 33.3 Titles and Subtitles 33.4 Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives Italics or Underlining 34.1 Titles of Works 34.2 Foreign Words and for Emphasis Abbreviations 35.1 Abbreviations in Nontechnical Writing 35.2 Misuses of Abbreviations Numbers 36.1 Numerals and Words 36.2 Dates and Addresses VIII. Effective Words Using Appropriate Language 37.1 Standard English 37.2 Texting and Electronic Shortcuts 37.3 Slang, Colloquialisms, Regionalisms, and Jargon 37.4 Indirect or Pretentious Writing 37.5 Sexist and Biased Language Using Exact Language 38.1 Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Spelling Checker 38.2 Denotation and Connotation 38.3 Abstract and Concrete Words 38.4 Idioms 38.5 Figurative Language 38.6 Trite Expressions Writing Concisely 39.1 Achieving Conciseness 39.2 Subjects and Verbs 39.3 Empty Words and Phrases 39.4 Unnecessary Repetition 39.5 Other Strategies Spelling and the Hyphen 40.1 Common Spelling Problems 40.2 Spelling Rules 40.3 Spelling Skills 40.4 Hyphenating Words IX. Research Writing Planning a Research Project 41.1 The Process of Research Writing 41.2 Research Questions 41.3 Research Strategies 41.4 Working Bibliographies Sample Annotated Bibliography Entry Finding Sources 42.1 Search Strategies 42.2 Reference Works 42.3 Books and Periodicals 42.4 Web Search Strategies 42.5 Social Media 42.6 Government Publications 42.7 Visuals and Media 42.8 Primary Research Working with Sources 43.1 Interacting with Sources Sample Annotated Source 43.2 Evaluating Sources 43.3 Synthesizing Sources 43.4 Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation 43.5 Integrating Sources Avoiding Plagiarism 44.1 Defining Plagiarism 44.2 Information You Do Not Need to Cite 44.3 Information You Must Cite 44.4 Documenting Sources 44.5 Copyright and Permissions Writing the Paper 45.1 Developing a Thesis 45.2 Organizing Your Ideas 45.3 Drafting a Research Paper 45.4 Revising and Editing 45.5 Preparing a Final Draft Using MLA Documentation and Format 46.1 In-text Citations 46.2 List of Works Cited 46.3 MLA Paper Format Two Research Papers in MLA Style 47.1 Sample Research Paper in MLA Style "The Dream of Sustainable Agriculture" 47.2 Sample Literary Research Paper in MLA Style "Intersecting Race and Gender in Angelia Weld Grimke's Rachel" X. Writing in the Academic Disciplines Reading and Writing about Literature 48.1 The Methods of Literary Analysis 48.2 Writing Assignments in Literature 48.3 The Tools and Language of Literary Analysis 48.4 Citing Sources When Writing about Literature 48.5 Writing a Literary Analysis Sample Literary Analysis Writing in Other Humanities 49.1 Methods and Evidence 49.2 Common Writing Assignments 49.3 Tools and Language 49.4 Documenting Sources 49.5 Paper Format Writing in the Social Sciences 50.1 Common Genres in the Social Sciences 50.2 Research Conventions in the Social Sciences 50.3 In-text Citations in APA Style 50.4 References in APA Style 50.5 Research Paper Format in APA Style 50.6 Sample Research Paper in APA Style "Perceptions of Mental Illness on College Campuses" Writing in the Natural and Applied Sciences 51.1 Methods and Evidence 51.2 Common Writing Assignments 51.3 Tools and Language 51.4 CSE Style 51.5 Paper Format 51.6 Sample Paper "Caterpillar Defense Mechanisms"

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