Global Arctic : an introduction to the multifaceted dynamics of the Arctic
著者
書誌事項
Global Arctic : an introduction to the multifaceted dynamics of the Arctic
Springer, c2022
- : hbk
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The Arctic has become a global arena. This development can only be comprehensively understood from a transdisciplinary perspective encompassing ecological, cultural, societal, economic, industrial, geopolitical, and security considerations. This book offers thorough explanations of Arctic developments and challenges. Global warming is in large part the driving force behind the transformation of the Arctic by making access possible to the areas previously out of reach for mining and shipping. An all-year ice-free Arctic Ocean, a reality possible as soon as perhaps 2030, creates a new dynamic in the North. The retreating ice edge enables the exploitation of previously inaccessible resources such as hydrocarbon deposits and rare metals, as well as the shortest sea route from Asia to Europe. Consequently, the Northern Sea Route (NSR) promises faster and cheaper shipping. Russia, along side foreign investment, especially from China, is financing the needed infrastructure.
A warming Arctic, however, also has negative impacts. The Arctic is home to fragile ecosystems that are already showing signs of deteriorating. The Arctic has seen unprecedented wildfires, which, together with the release of trapped methane from the disappearing permafrost, will, in turn, accelerate global warming. A warmer Arctic Ocean will also negatively impact fisheries. Couple this with other global changes, such as ocean acidification and modified ocean currents, and the global outlook is bleak. Additionally, the security situation in the Arctic is worsening. After the 2014 Ukraine crisis, the West imposed sanctions on the Russian Federation, which have revived the divisions of the Cold War. The reemergence of these postures is threatening the highly successful Barents Cooperation and other initiatives for peace in the circumpolar North. This book offers new insights and presents arguments for how to mitigate the challenges the Arctic is facing today.
目次
Introduction - The global Arctic: a "laboratory of the Anthropocene" (Matthias Finger)
Part I: Evolving images of the Arctic
- The Arctic as a frontier (Peter Schweitzer)
- Early industrialization of the Arctic (Chris Southcott)
- The Arctic of the Cold War (Jyrki Kakoenen)
- The Arctic of the indigenous peoples (Yves Cszonka)
- The Post - Cold War Arctic: a region of peace (Lassi Heininen)
- The Asian Arctic (Rasmus Bertelsen)
- The Arctic as the last frontier: tourism (Edward Huijbens)
Part II: The significance of the Arctic in Earth System dynamics
- The physical geography of the Arctic (Serguey Aplonov)
- Global warming and its effects on the Arctic (Koni Steffen)
- Climate effects of other pollutants (Kaarle Kuupiainen)
- Global warming, permafrost thawing and its feedback loops (Ben Abbott)
- Impacts of global warming on Arctic biota (Mathilde LeMoullec)
- The implications of a warming Arctic on the Earth System (Petteri Taalas)
Part III: The economics of a GlobalArctic
- The fight for the last resources: oil, gas and minerals (Andrey Krivorotov)
- Fisheries - how long? (Franz Mueter)
- New Arctic trade routes and shipping (TBD)
- Infrastructure development in the Arctic (Alexander Pelyasov)
- The Chinese Arctic (Liisa Kauppila)
- The Arctic of Transnational Corporations (Matthias Finger)
Part IV: Governance
- Sub-national governance: the case of Nunavut (TBD)
- Regional governance: the case of the Barents region (Florian Vidal)
- Inter-national governance: the Arctic Council (Timo Koivurouva)
- What role for the EU? (Andreas Raspotnik)
- Global Governance? The case of UNCLOS (Cecile Pelaudeix)
Conclusion: the GlobalArctic - a warning for Humankind (Matthias Finger)
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