The informal powers of Western European presidents : a way out of weakness
著者
書誌事項
The informal powers of Western European presidents : a way out of weakness
（Palgrave studies in presidential politics）
Palgrave Macmillan, c2023
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The book explores how weak presidents directly or indirectly elected can still play a crucial role in the political arena. Weak presidents have been distinguished from strong ones by relying on the evaluation of the powers they display according to the constitution. Six Western European countries are analysed: Germany and Italy which present a consistent constitutional design (as weak presidents are elected indirectly), and Austria, Ireland, Finland and Portugal that present inconsistent constitutional design (as weak presidents are elected directly). In contrast to much of the existing comparative works on presidential powers and activism, the book emphasises the role and the use of informal powers beyond that of formal ones. In particular, a definition and a typology of informal powers are provided as well as an empirical investigation on informal presidential activism. The positive outcome of presidential informal interventions are studied by relying on an interactionist approach which combines presidency-centred as well as president centred-explanations. The book argues that when dealing with informal presidential activism the opportunity structure matters but presidential public support matters even more.
目次
1. Introduction: Why weak presidents2.Who are weak Presidents3. Election and Term of weak Presidents4. The use of formal powers5. The use of informal powers and the presidential public speech.6. Presidents, the executive and public opinion7. Presidential power in Western European democracies
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