Enterprise, organization, and technology in China : a socialist experiment, 1950-1971

著者

書誌事項

Enterprise, organization, and technology in China : a socialist experiment, 1950-1971

Philip Scranton

Palgrave Macmillan, c2019

  • : [hardback]

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注記

Includes index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Given the near-silence in technological and business history about post-World War II socialist enterprises, this book gives voice to a generation of Communist China's managers, entrepreneurs, cadres, and workers from the Liberation to the early 1970s. Using recently-opened online archival resources, it details and assesses the course of technical and organizational experimentation at state-owned, cooperative, and private enterprises as the PRC strove to construct a socialist economy through trial-and-error initiatives. Core questions treated are: How did Chinese enterprises operate, evolve, experiment, improvise and adjust during the PRC's first generation? What technological initiatives were crucial to these processes, necessarily developed with limited expertise and thin financial resources? How could constructing "socialism with Chinese characteristics" have helped lay foundations for the post-1980 "Chinese miracle," as the PRC confidently entered the 21st century while Soviet and Central European socialisms crumbled? And what might current-day Western managers and entrepreneurs learn from Chinese practice and performance a half-century ago? Readers can anticipate a granular, bottom-up analysis of how businesses worked day-to-day in a planned economy, how enterprise practices and technological strategies shifted during the first postwar generation, how managers and technicians emerged after the capitalist exodus, how organizations experimented and adapted, and how the controversies and convulsions of the PRC's early decades fashioned durable technical and organizational capabilities.

目次

Chapter 1 - Introduction Part I: Business Practices from Liberation through the Great Stumble, 1949-1961 Chapter 2. Agriculture: Organization for Self-reliance Chapter 3. Infrastructure as Labor Intensive Development 3.1 Centrally-sponsored Construction, 1950-1957 3.2 The Organization of State Construction 3.3 The Small and the Local 3.4 Cement, Floods, and Infrastructure Chapter 4. Commerce and Socialist Construction 4.1 Urban and Rural Commerce in the 1950s 4.2 Markets and Bending the Rules 4.3 Commercial Reform, The Great Leap and Communalization 4.4 Recovery and Creativity 4.5 Commerce Supports Agriculture Chapter 5. Industry: From Trial-and-Error to Technology Reform 5.1 Managerial Challenges in the Early 1950s 5.2 Industrial Investments and Industrial Troubles 5.3 Manufacturing's Great Leap 5.4 Technical Reform and Technological Revolution 5.5 Industry Supporting Agriculture Part Two: Recovery, Reversal, Resilience: Business Practices, 1962-1971 Chapter 6. Agriculture as the Foundation 6.1 The Four Modernizations and the Four Magic Wands 6.2 Upgrading Agriculture By Refocusing Industry 6.3 Industry Again Supports Agriculture 6.4 Intensification and Diversification - a Closing Note Chapter 7. Infrastructure: Reappraisal and Reorientation 7.1 Consolidating Railroad Practice 7.2 Roadbuilding and Maintenance 7.3 Electrification 7.4 Design Reform: Confronting Bureaucracy, Building Collaborations Chapter 8. Commerce and the Market Surge 8.1 Rural Commerce in the Adjustment Period 8.2 Urban Commerce during the Adjustment Period Chapter 9. Consolidating Industry 9.1 Machinery and Heavy Industry 9.2 Quality and Technical Cooperation 9.3 Rethinking Metal Trade Management and Practice 9.4 Specialization and Coordination 9.5 Workforce Education 9.6 Light Industry 9.7 Handicrafts 9.8 Consolidation and Advance in Machine Tools Chapter 10. Business Practice and the Cultural Revolution 10.1 Manufacturing 10.2 Views From Afar 10.3 Agriculture and Rural Industry 10.4 Commerce 10. 5 Infrastructure 10.6 Moving On Chapter 11. Afterword

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