Evaporation, evapotranspiration and climatic data
著者
書誌事項
Evaporation, evapotranspiration and climatic data
（Developments in atmospheric science, 22）
Elsevier, 1994
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The problem of estimating evaporation from water surfaces and evapotranspiration (ET) via plants is addressed in this volume. The use of climatic data is stressed. Recent developments that are covered involve both direct estimation of evapotranspiration and the use of an intermediate step of calculating reference crop evapotranspiration. The origin and accuracy of methods of estimating climatic parameters are examined. Additional related topics include production functions that relate vegetative production to ET. An introduction to commonly used soil nomenclature and parameters is presented. An extensive discussion deals with algorithms that reduce ET because of low soil moisture conditions. This volume will be useful to a wide variety of professionals including engineers, agricultural and environmental scientists and various kinds of hydrologists. Universities, consulting firms and various governmental agencies should also find the book helpful.
目次
Definitions of evapotranspiration and transpiration. Measurement of evapotranspiration. Estimating E or ET using climatic data. Atmospheric and Thermodynamic Parameters. Wind profiles and relationships. Thermodynamic parameters. Radiation. Solar radiation Rs. Net radiation_Rn. Soil heat flux. Soil Parameters. Soil water fundamentals. Soil water reference points. Soil water storage. Soil water influences on plant growth. Soil water movement. Soil water supply for evapotranspiration. Estimating Reference Crop ET. Sequence of calculations and flow charts. Potential ET and/or reference crop ET. Crop coefficients. Pemnan methods Penman-Monteith method. Radiation methods. Temperature methods. Radiation and temperature methods flow charts. Estimating reference ET using measured pan evaporation. Estimating ET for Specific Crops. ET using ETr. Botanic and cultural influences. Soil water and ET estimates. Crop curves. Grass-related crop coefficients. Alfalfa-related crop coefficients. Estimation of crop ET without formal Etr. Separate estimation of Es and T. Irrigation water requirements. Components of irrigation water requirements. Sources of water for crop growth. Soil water storage of natural precipitation. Non-growing season precipitation. Production, Vegetation and ET. Uses of production functions. Defining assumptions. Common models. Transferability issues. Sequence of calculations. Flow chart for estimating vegetative production. Evaporation from Water Surfaces. Methods. Comparisons and Example Calculations. Introduction. Example calculations. Chapter 2 examples. Chapter 4 examples. Chapter 5 examples. Chapter 7 examples. Property standards. Sun-earth relationships. Comparisons with standard values.
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