Effects of Endurance Training on the Breathing Pattern of Professional Cyclists.

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Abstract

The aim of this longitudinal study was to clarify the changes induced by endurance training on the breathing pattern of 13 professional cyclists (age±SD: 24±2 years; V˙O2max~75 ml kg−1 min−1) during the three periods (rest, precompetition, and competition) of a sports season. Both the volume and the intensity of training were quantified during these periods. In each session (corresponding to each of the three periods) all subjects performed (1) a pulmonary function test (to measure forced vital capacity [FVC], peak expiratory flow [PEF], and maximal voluntary ventilation [MVV]), and (2) a ramp test until exhaustion on a cycle ergometer (workload increases of 25 W min−1). The following variables were recorded every 100 W until the end of the tests: pulmonary ventilation (V˙E, in l min−1 BTPS), tidal volume (VT, inl BTPS), breathing frequency (fb, in breaths min−1), ventilatory equivalents for oxygen (V˙E V˙O2−1) and carbon dioxide (V˙E V˙CO2−1), inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) times (s), ratio of TI to total respiratory duration or inspiratory "duty cycle" (TI/TTOT), and mean inspiratory flow rate (VT/TI, in l s−1). The results showed no changes in any of these variables (p>0.05) between the three periods of study, despite significant changes in training loads (i.e., increases in the volume and/or intensity of training throughout the season). These findings suggest that endurance conditioning does not alter the breathing pattern of professional cyclists during an incremental exercise test.<br>

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