Changing Structures of Higher Education in Transition Countries: Case Studies from Russia, Mongolia and China

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  • 体制移行に伴う高等教育の構造変容 －専門分野別学生数に着目して－
  • タイセイ イコウ ニ トモナウ コウトウ キョウイク ノ コウゾウ ヘンヨウ : センモン ブンヤベツ ガクセイスウ ニ チャクモク シテ

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Abstract

This paper aims to clarify the characteristics of changing structures of higher education in socialist countries in transition, such as Russia, Mongolia, and China, with special emphasis on the changes in ratio of enrolled students according to field of study. Socialistic systems existed in these countries, and a transition of political and economic systems has been taking place since the late 1980s. This transition has also changed the systems and structures of higher education in these countries. Comparative analysis indicated that the ratios of Bachelor of Arts in higher education systems have increased in all three countries since the transition. However, the ratios of engineering fields differed between these countries in transition. These observations indicated that socialist systems and the transition away from these systems have similarities in higher education systems and changing patterns of higher education structures in these countries, and also that there may be some variables in these countries, such as initial conditions at the time of introduction of the socialist system and transition patterns of political economy, which result in variations in higher education structures.

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