平安・鎌倉時代貴族住宅の末尾語「殿」の意味変化について

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  • ON THE MEANING CHANGE OF THE LAST WORD “DEN” OF HEIAN AND KAMAKURA PERIOD ARISTOCRACY RESIDENCE
  • 平安・鎌倉時代貴族住宅の末尾語「殿」の意味変化について : 日中における建築用語の比較と変遷に関する研究
  • ヘイアン ・ カマクラ ジダイ キゾク ジュウタク ノ マツビゴ 「 トノ 」 ノ イミ ヘンカ ニ ツイテ : ニッチュウ ニ オケル ケンチク ヨウゴ ノ ヒカク ト ヘンセン ニ カンスル ケンキュウ
  • Research on comparison and transition of architectural terms between Japan and China
  • 日中における建築用語の比較と変遷に関する研究

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<p> In ancient China, although the changing dynasties frequently, the architecture of “Den” has hardly changed. It is limited to the Emperor's residences. On the other hand, Japan’s “Den” is regarding as originated from China, but the meaning of “Den” has changed greatly. Initially, the last word “Den” was limited to the residences of the Emperor’s family, which resembles China, but it used in the residences of nobleman as the age declines. The Commons and differences are existing in the way of using “Den” between Japan and China. I would like to clarify the transition process of “Den” in Japan while considering the reason for those differences.</p><p> In this paper, I mainly use historical records and nobility diary 4 books, Nihonkiryaku, Hyakurensyo, Hontyoseiki, Shoyuki. I am conducting surveys by reading whole passages, as it has seen that the last word of the residence changed from “Tei” to “Den”, “Den” to “Tei”, or mixed use of “Den” and “Tei”. So as to clarify the transition process of “Den”, I gathered all the descriptions used in “Den” and “Tei” of the residences from historical materials, clarified the actual situation. Following information was revealed about the</p><p> ① The mixed use of “Den” and “Tei” starts in the Emperor ichijyo. Biwatei is the first example. Which is the Michinaga Fujiwara’s residence, and serve as the Imperial Palace of Emperor itijou. There is an existence of Michinaga Fujiwara in the mixed background.</p><p> ② Since then, along with the Satoteirika, cases of mixed use of “Den” and “Tei” are increased. Such as Nijou, Kyogoku and Takakura. It is possible that the back of Satoteiri influenced the transformation of “Den”.</p><p> ③ The increase in the number of “Den” and “Tei” mixed use is remarkable during the inseiki period. Despite being nyoin and Emperor’s father, it uses “Tei” instead of “Den”.</p><p> ④ On the other hand, in nobleman’s residences and villas outside Heiankyo, “Den” used in place of “Tei”. The location may be related to the deviation of the principle.</p><p> ⑤ The percentage of cases where the part that should be marked as “Tei” is larger than the case where the term “Tei” is marked as “Den”. Den’s transformation is “Den” closed to the “Tei”, but we cannot treat them as the same, it will hinge on the content of the articles. This is a big difference from the last word of “Den” in China.</p><p> ⑥ Sanesuke Fujiwara was highly conscious of using “Den” and “Tei”. However, did not thoroughly use it. The usage of “Den” runs in a groove.</p><p> The mixed use of “Den” and “Tei” was hit in the Heian period while Emperor itijou, Michinaga’s period. The time when Japan's unique culture had developed against the cultures of the Nara period when China’s influence was strong. During the period of the inseiki, the increase in mixed use of “Den” “Tei” also estimated as a reflection of urbanization of Heiankyo.</p>

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