Molecular semiconductors : photoelectrical properties and solar cells

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Bibliographic Information

Molecular semiconductors : photoelectrical properties and solar cells

J. Simon and J.-J. André ; editors, J.M. Lehn, Ch. W. Rees

Springer-Verlag, 1984

  • : U.S.
  • : Berlin

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Note

Bibliography: p. 256-282

Includes index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

During the past thirty years considerable efforts have been made to design the synthesis and the study of molecular semiconductors. Molecular semiconductors - and more generally molecular materials - involve interactions between individual subunits which can be separately synthesized. Organic and metallo-organic derivatives are the basis of most of the molecular materials. A survey of the literature on molecular semiconductors leaves one rather confused. It does seem to be very difficult to correlate the molecular structure of these semiconductors with their experimental electrical properties. For inorganic materials a simple definition delimits a fairly homogeneous family. If an inorganic material has a conductivity intermediate between that of an 12 1 1 3 1 1 insulator « 10- n- cm- ) and that of a metal (> 10 n- cm- ), then it is a semiconductor and will exhibit the characteristic properties of this family, such as junction formation, photoconductivity, and the photovoltaic effect. For molecular compounds, such simplicity is certainly not the case. A huge number of molecular and macromolecular systems have been described which possess an intermediate conductivity. However, the various attempts which have been made to rationalize their properties have, more often than not, failed. Even very basic electrical properties such as the mechanism of the charge carrier formation or the nature and the density ofthe dopants are not known in detail. The study of molecular semiconductor junctions is very probably the most powerful approach to shed light on these problems.

Table of Contents

I Basic Notions of Solid State Physics.- I.1 Dark Conductivity: Generalities.- I.2 Conduction in Metals: Drude and Sommerfeld Models.- I.3 Band Model of Conduction.- I.4 Limitations to Band Theory.- I.5 Hopping and Tunneling Mechanisms of Charge Migration.- I.6 Charge Carrier Trapping Processes.- II Photoelectric Phenomena in Molecular Semiconductors.- II. 1 Light Absorption.- II.2 Energy Migration in Molecular Materials.- II.3 Photogeneration of Charge Carriers.- II.4 Semiconductor Junctions.- II.5 Photovoltaic Effect.- III Metallophthalocyanines.- III. 1 Syntheses and Physico-Chemical Properties.- III.2 Dark Electrical Properties.- III.3 Photovoltaic Effect and Solar Cells.- IV Poly acetylene.- IV. 1 Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Properties of Polyacetylene.- IV.2 Theoretical Properties.- IV.3 Properties of Doped Polyacetylene.- IV.4 Transport Properties of Polyacetylene.- IV. 5 Photoelectric Properties and Solar Cells.- V The Main Other Molecular Semiconductors.- V. l Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Graphite.- V.2 Metallo-Organic Derivatives.- V.3 Charge Transfer Systems.- V.4 Polysulfurnitride and Polydiacetylene.- V.5 Polymethines.- V.6 Polymeric Conjugated Systems.- V.7 Molecular Solar Cells.- Conclusion.- References.

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