Modern aspects of electrochemistry

Author(s)

• Bockris, J. O'M. (John O'M.)
• Conway, B. E.
• White, Ralph E.
• Vayenas, C.G.
• Schlesinger, Mordechay
• Gamboa-Aldeco, Maria E.
• Djokić, Stojan S
• Pasaogullari, Ugur
• Wang, Chao-Yang

Bibliographic Information

Modern aspects of electrochemistry

edited by J. O'M. Bockris and B.E. Conway

Butterworths , Plenum Press, 1964-

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Note

no.1-2 シリーズ名があるので別書誌<BA10957654><BA14029263>

Imprint varies no.4-: Plenum Press

No. 35-38: published by Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers

No. 39-42, 44-45, 48-49: published by Springer

Editors, no. 1- J. O'M. Bockris (with B.E. Conway, no. 3- ; Ralph E. White, no. 14- )

No. 35: edited by Brian E. Conway and Ralph E. White

No. 36-37,41-42: edited by C. G. Vayenas ...[et al.]

No. 43-44: edited by Mordechay Schlesinger

No. 45: series edited by Ralph E. White, Constantinos G. Vayenas and Maria E. Gamboa-Aldeco

No. 48: edited by Stojan S. Djokić

No. 49: edited by Ugur Pasaogullari, Chao-Yang Wang

No. 47: series editors by Ralph E. White, Constantinos G.Vayenas

子書誌あり

Description and Table of Contents

Volume

no. 8 ISBN 9780306376481

Description

This volume continues the development of the Modern Aspects series in the electrochemical field. The series is now 18 years old, and it is relevant to note the degree of evolution that electro- chemistry has undergone during this time, for it affects the character of the articles chosen. The trend is towards development of inter- disciplinary areas of electrochemical science, with full stress upon the many directions of applications of knowledge of electrode processes. The degree of import which should be attached to electro- chemical science arises from the changes in technology which must be made during the next few decades. These clearly involve a massive electrification and the gradual elimination of the present fossil fuel economy, for both ecological and economic reasons. Research on the fundamental aspects of the field-slow in development to a standard-must be promulgated, but its justification is the modern provisionofa basis for the needed future electrochemical technology. One vast area of potential application of electrochemical concepts is omitted by the present attitude. It is, of course, the electro biological aspect, perhaps, finally, the largest area of all for fruitful applications. These concepts are reflected in the editors' choice of chapters. Quantum mechanical descriptions of surfaces must be bravely faced. Oscillatory aspects of electrochemical systems are often met in nature and demand attention at a fundamental level. Organic electrochemistry is in an ascending phase. With the electro biological v Preface vi article, we hope to stimulate a beginning of electrodic applications in this area.

Table of Contents

1 Quantum Chemical Treatment of Adsorbed Species.- I. Introduction.- 1. Relation of Adsorbed Species to Electrode Reactions.- 2. Theory of Electron Transfer.- 3. Quantum Effects on Electrodes.- II. Surface States of Crystals.- 1. Band Structure of Crystals.- 2. Surface States of Finite Crystals.- III. Adsorbed Species.- 1. Extension of Crystal L CAO Calculations to Adsorbed Species.- 2. Less Approximate Formalisms.- 3. Surface Compound Approximation.- 4. Perturbation Approaches.- References.- 2 Oscillatory Behavior in Electrochemical Systems.- I. Introduction.- II. Experimental Basis of Electrochemical Oscillations and Their Qualitative Interpretation.- 1. Anodic Processes Involving Metals.- 2. Anodic Oxidation of Nonmetallic Compounds.- 3. Oscillations in Cathodic Processes.- 4. Periodic Behavior in Nonaqueous Solutions.- 5. Electroosmotic Oscillations.- III. Models of Electrochemical Oscillators.- 1. Mathematical Fundamentals.- 2. Kinetic or "Chemical" Models.- 3. "Electrical" Models.- IV. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 3 Methods and Mechanisms in Electroorganic Chemistry.- I. Introduction.- 1. Synthetic Applications of Electroorganic Chemistry..- 2. Mechanistic Applications of Electroorganic Chemistry.- 3. Mass Transport Considerations.- II. Methods of Investigating Organic Electrode Processes.- 1. Electrochemical Methods.- 2. Nonelectrochemical Methods.- III. Intermediates in Electroorganic Chemistry.- 1. Anion Radicals and Anions.- 2. Cation Radicals and Cations.- 3. Adsorption and Organic Electrode Processes.- IV. Types of Reaction.- 1. Substitution Reactions.- 2. Addition Reactions.- 3. Elimination Reactions.- 4. Cyclization Reactions.- 5. Ring Opening, Expansion or Contraction.- V. Stereospecificity in Electrode Processes.- 1. Substitution Reactions.- 2. Addition Reactions.- 3. Elimination Reactions.- 4. Cyclization.- 5. Ring Opening.- VI. Applications for Commercial Synthesis.- References.- 4 Electrochemical Processes at Biological Interfaces.- I. Biological Oxidations.- II. Are the Elements for Electrochemical Reactions Present in Biological Cells?.- 1. Electronic Conduction in Biological Materials.- 2. Electronic Conduction in Thin Lipid Films.- 3. Concluding Remarks.- III. Electrochemical Models of Biological Energy Conversion.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Brief Historical Survey.- 3. The Chemiosmotic Hypothesis.- 4. Electrodic Phosphorylation.- 5. Summary.- IV. Electrochemical Reactions As Biological Regulators.- References.- 5 The Role of Electrochemistry in Environmental Control.- I. Introduction.- Basic Problems in the Use of Electrochemical Methods.- II. Survey of Individual Applications.- 1. Cathodic Processes.- 2. Anodic Processes.- 3. Other Applications of Anodic Oxidation.- 4. The Treatment of Gaseous Effluents.- 5. Electroflotation.- 6. The Role of Electrochemistry in Corrosion Protection.- Conclusions.- 1. Factors Influencing the Rate of Electrochemical Effluent Processes.- 2. Conditions of Mass Transport Control.- 3. Mass Transport under Diffusion Control.- 4. Mass Transport under Convective Control.- 5. Natural Convection.- 6. Conclusion.- References.

Volume

no. 17 ISBN 9780306421495

Description

It gives us pleasure in writing the Preface to this volume, in which we tried to bring together a number of stimulating and interesting people discussing physical electrochemistry. The first chapter, by Ashok Vijh, gives a remarkable account of electrochemistry as looked at from a physicist's point of view. Among the revelations of the chapter is that in a recent survey of leading areas in Science, two out of fifteen areas chosen were electrochemical and these two were the only chemical subjects chosen. In Mikhail Vorotyntsev's chapter, one finds a very modern study of the double layer, but tenuously connected with the simpler studies made in the safe harbor of mercury. In the pioneering chapter by Pons et al., one is looking at a cutting edge of electrochemistry at this time-the use of IR spectros­ copy in modes which allow the first practical determinations of the spectra of adsorbed species at the interface-an area pioneered by Pons himself. In Chapter 4, we have reached photoelectrochemistry once more, but now Tributsch speaks about what has rapidly become the major area of that topic, photoelectrocatalysis. Close to this chapter, and indeed intellectually connected with it, is that by Schmickler and Schultze about electron transfer reac­ tions at oxide-covered metal electrodes in which theories which are still relatively dubious for metal-solution surfaces are applied to complex systems involving oxides.

Table of Contents

1 Perspectives in Electrochemical Physics.- I. Introduction.- II. Importance of Electrochemical Physics.- III. Electrocatalysis by Metals and Alloys.- IV. Electrode Reactions on Semiconductors.- V. Solid-State Properties and Electrochemical Behavior: Corrosion, Anodic Dissolution, and Oxide Growth.- VI. Electrochemical Physics of Metal/ Dielectric Interfaces.- VII. Metal-Plasma (“Gaseous Electrolyte”) Interfaces.- VIII. Synopses of Work on Other Themes and Subjects.- References.- 2 Modern State of Double Layer Study of Solid Metals.- I. Introduction.- II. Double Layer Structure at Liquid Metals and Alloys.- III. The Gouy-Chapman-Stern-Grahame (GCSG) Theory for “Uniform” Solid Electrodes.- IV. Capacitance Characteristics of Solid Polycrystalline (PC) Electrodes.- V. Capacitance Characteristics of Individual Single-Crystal Faces.- VI. Crystallographic Inhomogeneity Effects.- VII. Conclusion.- References.- 3 Interfacial Infrared Vibrational Spectroscopy.- I. Introduction.- II. Theoretical Considerations and Experimental Techniques.- III. Applications.- IV. Future Directions.- References.- 4 Photoelectrolysis and Photoelectrochemical Catalysis.- I. Introduction.- II. Photoelectrochemistry of d-Band Sulfides.- III. Tailoring Reactive Surface States for Photoelectrocatalysis.- IV. Experiments Using Semiconductor Electrodes with Paired and Clustered Transition Metals.- V. Discussion.- References.- 5 Electron Transfer Reactions on Oxide-Covered Metal Electrodes.- I. Introduction.- II. Experimental Problems.- III. The Metal-Passive Film-Redox Electrolyte Interface.- IV. Mechanisms of Electron Transfer at Film-Covered Electrodes.- V. Discussion of Some Particular Systems.- VI. Exchange Current Densities and Electronic Properties.- References.- 6 Interfacial Electrostaticsand Electrodynamics in Disperse Systems.- I. Introduction.- II. Interfacial Electrostatics.- III. Interfacial Electrodynamics.- IV. Conclusion and Summary.- References.

Volume

no. 18 ISBN 9780306423123

Description

This volume of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry contains six chapters. The first four chapters are about phenomena of interest at the microscopic level and the last two are on phenomena at the macroscopic level. In the first chapter, Uosaki and Kita review various theoretical models that have been presented to describe the phenomena that occur at an electrolyte/ semiconductor interface under illumination. In the second chapter, Orazem and Newman discuss the same phenomena from a different point of view. In Chapter 3, Bogus­ lavsky presents state-of-the-art considerations of transmembrane potentials and other aspects of active transport in biological systems. Next, Burke and Lyons present a survey of both the theoretical and the experimental work that has been done on hydrous oxide films on several metals. The last two chapters cover the topics of the production of chlorine and caustic and the phenomena of electrolytic gas evol­ ution. In Chapter 5, Hine et al. describe the engineering aspects of the three processes used in the chi or-alkali industry, and in Chapter 6, Sides reviews the macroscopic phenomena of nucleation, growth, and detachment of bubbles, and the effect of bubbles on the conduc­ tivity of and mass transfer in electrolytes.

Table of Contents

1 Theoretical Aspects of Semiconductor Electrochemistry.- I. Introduction.- II. Electronic Energy Levels of Semiconductor and Electrolyte.- III. Potential Distribution at Semiconductor/Electrolyte Interface.- IV. Distribution of Energy States for Ions of Redox System in Solution.- V. Rate Expressions for Electron Transfer at Illuminated Semiconductor/ Electrolyte Interfaces.- VI. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 2 Photoelectrochemical Devices for Solar Energy Conversion.- I. Semiconductor Electrodes.- II. Mathematical Description.- III. Photoelectrochemical Cell Design.- IV. Conclusions.- Notation.- References.- 3 Electron Transfer Effects and the Mechanism of the Membrane Potential.- I. Introduction.- II. Modeling Nonenzymatic Systems of Electron Transfer in the Initial Part of the Respiratory Chain of Mitochondria.- III. Potential Generation on Bilayer Membranes Containing Chlorophyll.- IV. Possible Mechanisms of the Motion of Electrons and Protons in the Membrane.- V. Conclusions.- References.- 4 Electrochemistry of Hydrous Oxide Films.- I. Introduction.- II. Formation of Hydrous Oxides.- III. Acid-Base Properties of Oxides.- IV. Structural Aspects of Hydrous Oxides.- V. Transport Processes in Hydrous Oxide Films.- VI. Theoretical Models of the Oxide-Solution Interphase Region.- VII. Platinum.- VIII. Palladium.- IX. Gold.- X. Iridium.- XI. Rhodium.- XII. Ruthenium.- XIII. Some Nonnoble Metals.- XIV. Conclusion.- Addendum.- References.- 5 Chemistry and Chemical Engineering in the Chlor-Alkali Industry.- I. Introduction.- II. Chemical and Electrochemical Principles Involved in Chlor-Alkali Production.- III. Manufacturing Processes.- IV. Electrode Materials and Electrode Processes.- V. Engineering Aspects in Chlor-Alkali Operations.- VI. Ion-Exchange Membranes and Membrane Technology.- Notation.- References.- 6 Phenomena and Effects of Electrolytic Gas Evolution.- I. Introduction.- II. Nucleation, Growth, and Detachment of Bubbles.- III. Electrical Effects of Gas Evolution.- IV. Mass Transfer at Gas-Evolving Electrodes.- V. Summary.- Notation.- References.

Volume

no. 19 ISBN 9780306429545

Table of Contents

1 Transport Models For Ion-Exchange Membranes.- I. Introduction.- II. Solution of Ion-Exchange Problems Using the Nernst-Planck Equation for Ion Transport.- 1. Phenomenological Equations.- 2. Literature Review of Electrokinetic Models Employing a Membrane Microstructure.- 3. Specific Adsorption.- 4. Variation of the Dielectric Constant and Viscosity and Hydration Effects.- 5. The Structure of Ion-Exchange Membranes.- 6. Macroscopic Approaches to the Modeling of Ion-Exchange Membranes Using the Nernst-Planck Equation.- III. Transport Models Based on Irreversible Thermodynamics.- 1. Development of Membrane Flux Equations.- 2. The Kedem-Katchalsky and Spiegler Transport Models.- 3. Simulation of Membrane Transport Processes.- IV. Experimental Methods for Membrane Analyses.- 1. Equilibrium Experiments.- 2. Transport Experiments.- 3. Indirect Methods for Determining the Binary-Interaction Parameters.- V. Conclusions.- Notation.- References.- 2 Iron and Its Electrochemistry in an Active State.- I. Introduction.- 1. Corrosion Potential and Corrosion Current.- 2. Methods for Measuring Corrosion Rates.- II. Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Iron.- 1. Kinetic Parameters and Reaction Mechanisms.- 2. Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Iron Deposition.- 3. Experimental Measurements of pH near the Electrode Surface.- 4. Absorption of Hydrogen and Hydrogen Embrittlement.- III. Electrochemical Reduction of Oxygen and Its Influence on the Anodic Dissolution of Iron.- IV. Cathodic Deposition of Iron.- V. Anodic Dissolution of Iron.- 1. Acid Solutions.- 2. Transient Phenomena.- 3. Influence of Anions on Dissolution Kinetics.- 4. Neutral Solutions.- 5. Alkaline Solutions.- VI. Anomalous Dissolution of Iron.- VII. Conclusions.- References.- 3 Theory of the Effect of Electrodeposition at a Periodically Changing Rate on the Morphology of Metal Deposits.- I. Basic Definitions.- 1. Reversing Current.- 2. Pulsating Current.- 3. Alternating Current Superimposed on Direct Current.- 4. Pulsating Overpotential.- II. Surface Concentration in the Periodic Condition.- 1. Mathematical Model.- 2. Capacitance Effects.- 3. The Validity of the Mathematical Model.- 4. The Case of Pulsating Overpotential.- 5. Reversing Current in the Second Range.- III. Current Distribution on a Microprofile.- 1. Amplification of Surface Irregularities in Electrodeposition at Constant Deposition Rate.- 2. Amplification of Surface Irregularities in EPCR in the Millisecond Range.- 3. Amplification of Surface Irregularities in Electrodeposition for Reversing Current in the Second Range.- 4. The Effect of Deposition Current Density.- IV. Maximum Deposition Rate.- 1. Maximum Deposition Rate in Electrodeposition at a Constant Rate.- 2. Maximum Deposition Rate in EPCR in the Millisecond Range.- 3. Maximum Deposition Rate in Electrodeposition by Reversing Current in the Second Range.- V. Prevention of Formation of Spongy Deposits.- VI. Current Distribution on a Macroprofile.- VII. Surface Film Formation.- VIII. Energetic Aspects.- IX. Conclusions.- Notation.- References.- 4 Theory and Applications of Periodic Electrolysis.- I. Introduction.- II. Effect on Morphology of Electrodeposited Metals.- 1. Rectangular-Pulse Electrolysis.- 2. Periodic-Reverse Electrolysis.- 3. Sinusoidal (Symmetric and Asymmetric) Electrolysis.- III. Theoretical Aspects of Periodic Electrolysis.- 1. Mass Transfer.- 2. Current Distribution.- IV. Conclusions.- Notation.- References.- 5 Electrocatalytic Properties of Carbon Materials.- I. Introduction.- II. Physicochemical Properties of Carbon Materials.- 1. Crystallochemistry and Electronic Structure.- 2. Surface Chemistry.- III. Electrochemical Reactions on Carbon Materials.- 1. The Chlorine Reaction.- 2. The Oxygen Reaction.- 3. The Hydrogen Peroxide Reactions.- 4. The Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.- 5. Electrooxidation of Sulfur Dioxide.- 6. The Reactions of Organic Compounds.- IV. Chemically Modified Electrodes.- 1. Methods of Modifying Carbon Materials.- 2. The Mechanism of Electrocatalytic Reactions.- V. Conclusions.- References.- 6 Spin-Dependent Kinetics in Dye-Sensitized Charge-Carrier Injection Into Organic Crystal Electrodes.- I. Introduction.- II. Theoretical Considerations.- III. Experimental Aspects.- IV. Main Results.- 1. Detection of the HFM on the Surface.- 2. Origin of the HF Effect on the Surface.- 3. Decrease in the Spin Correlation Time with Increasing Electric Field, E.- 4. Decrease in the Spin Correlation Time through Recombination Centers.- V. Summary.- References.

Volume

no. 20 ISBN 9780306431272

Table of Contents

Theories for the Metal in the Metal-Electrolyte Interface.- Recent Advances in the Theory of Charge Transfer.- Recent Developments in Faradaic Rectification Studies.- X Rays as Probes of Electrochemical Interfaces.- Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide.- Electrochemistry of Aluminum in Aqueous Solutions and Physics of Its Anodic Oxide.

Volume

no. 21 ISBN 9780306433139

Description

This important review series began in 1954 at Academic Press. The latest volume deals with scanning tunneling microscopy, the nickel oxide electrode, radioactive labeling as an in situ method of characterization of solid/liquid interfaces, metallic glasses, reaction kinetics and mechanisms, and DC r

Volume

no. 22 ISBN 9780306440618

Description

Covering both the theoretical and applied aspects of electrochemistry, this well-known monograph series presents a review of the latest advances in the field.

Table of Contents

• Analysis of the Capacitance of the Metal-Solution Interface
• S. Armokrane, J.P. Badiali. Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Oxygenated Alphatic Organic Compounds at Noble Metal Electrodes
• B. Beden, C. Lami. Surface States on Semiconductors
• R.A. Batchelor, A. Hamnett. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Investigations of Low-Dimensional Materials
• S.P. Kelty, C.M. Lieber. Microelectrode Techniques in Electrochemistry
• B.R. Scharifker. Index.

Volume

no. 23 ISBN 9780306441646

Description

Integrating both theoretical and applied aspects of electrochemistry, this acclaimed monograph series presents a review of the latest advances in the field. The current volume covers ion and electron transfer across monolayers of organic surfactants, determination of current distributions governed by Laplace's equation, and three other subjects.

Table of Contents

• Ion and Electron Tranfer Across Monolayers of Organic Surfactants
• J. Lipkowski. Determination of Current Distributions Governed by Laplaces Equation
• A.C. West, J. Newman. Design Techniques in Cathodic Protection Engineering
• K. Nisancioglu. Electric Breakdown in Anodic Oxide Films
• V.P. Parkhutik et al.. Physics and Applications of Semiconductor Electrodes Covered with Metal Clusters
• P. Allongue. Index.

Volume

no. 24 ISBN 9780306442889

Description

Integrating both theoretical and applied aspects of electrochemistry, this acclaimed monograph series presents a review of the latest advances in the field. The current volume includes chapters on the mechanism of nerve excitation from an electrochemical standpoint, the electronic factor in the kinetics of charge-transfer reaction, and five other subjects.

Table of Contents

• Electrochemistry of Nerve Excitation
• M. Blank. Thermodynamics of Membrane Energy Transduction in an Oscillating Field
• V.S. Markin, T.Y. Tsong. Bioelectrochemical Field Effects
• H. Berg. The Role of the Electronic Factor in the Kinetics of Charge-Transfer Reactions
• E.D. German, A.M. Kuznetsov. Electric Surface Effects in Solid Plasticity and Strength
• E.D. Shchukin, et al. Electrodeposition of Metal Powders with Controlled Particle Grain Size and Morphology
• K.I. Popov, M.G. Pavolovic. Membrane Chlor-Alkali Process
• H.S. Burney. Index.

Volume

no. 25 ISBN 9780306443756

Description

Number 25 of this acclaimed series breaks new ground with articles on charge transfer across liquid-liquid interfaces, electrochemical techniques to study hydrogen ingress in metals, and electrical breakdown of liquids. Also included are articles on the measurement of corrosion and ellipsometry, bringing these older subjects up to date.

Table of Contents

• Charge Transfer across Liquid-Liquid Interfaces
• H.H. Girault. Electrochemical Techniques to Study Hydrogen Ingress in Metals
• B.G. Pound. DC Electrochemical Techniques for the Measurement of Corrosion Rates
• Z. Nagy. Ellipsometry in Electrochemistry
• W. Paik. Index.

Volume

no. 26 ISBN 9780306446085

Description

The present volume presents six chapters, two of them fairly brief, covering both fundamental and applied electrochemistry. The latter aspect has, of course, historical significance in the subject as well as a major technological profile in recent decades, while intimate connections between these complementary facets of the subject have always been a driving force for its earlier and continu ing development. In the Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry series we have periodically included contributions from the several schools of Russi~n electrochemistry. This approach is continued in the present volume by inclusion of the chapter by Benderskii, Brodskii, Daikhin, and Velichko from the Frumkin Institute, Moscow, on phase transitions among molecules adsorbed in the double-layer interphase at electrodes. This topic has attracted attention for some years through the works of the Russian school and of Gierst and Buess-Herman. Such behavior is also related to the important phenomenon of self-assembly of molecules in films at interfaces. In Chapter 1, these authors give an account of the factors associated with two-dimensional phase transitions and associated orientation effects with polar adsorbates at electrode interfaces. The theoretical interpretation of these effects are also treated in some detail. Chapter 2, by Rusling, deals with electrochemistry and electro catalysis in microemulsions, thus connecting aspects of electrode kinetics, adsorption at electrode interfaces, and colloid chemistry.

Table of Contents

• Phase Transitions in the Double Layer at Electrodes
• V.A. Benderskii, et al. Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Catalysis in Microemulsions
• J.F. Rusling. Advanced Electrochemical Hydrogen Technologies
• V. Plzak et al. Electrogalvanizing
• J.H. Lindsay, T.J. O'Keefe. Electroanalytical Methods for Determination of Al2O3 in Molten Cryolite
• S.S. Djokic, B.E. Conway. Environmental Cracking of Metals
• R.W. Revie. Index.

Volume

no. 27 ISBN 9780306449307

Description

From reviews of previous volumes: 'This volume continues the valuable service that has been rendered by the Modern Aspects series.'-Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 'Extremely well referenced and very readable....Maintains the overall high standards of the series.'-Journal of the American Chemical Society

Table of Contents

• Reaction Engineering and Digital Simulation in Electrochemical Processes
• K. Scott. Electrochemical Deposition and Dissolution of Alloys and Metal Composites-Fundamental Aspects
• A.R. Despic, V.D. Jovic. Electrochemical Aspects of Stress-corrosion-cracking
• J.R. Galvele. Metal Hydride Electrodes
• T.F. Fuller, J. Newman. Recent Advances in the Study of the Dynamics of Electrode Processes
• T.Z. Fahidy, Z.H. Gu. Water Electrolysis and Solar Hydrogen Demonstration Projects
• G. Sandstede, R. Wurster. Index.

Volume

no. 28 ISBN 9780306451461

Description

No. 28 of this highly regarded series explores the fundamental and applied aspects of electrochemical science. This volume features two detailed studies on the rapidly developing field of electrochemical surface science.

Table of Contents

• Ultra-high-vacuum Surface Analytical Methods in Electrochemical Studies of Single-crystal Surfaces
• M.P. Soriaga, et al. Potential-modulated Reflectance Spectroscopy Studies of the Electronic Transitions of Chemisorbed Carbon Monoxide
• G. Gutierrez. Low-temperature Electrochemistry of High-IC Superconductor/Ionic Conductor Interfaces
• W.J. Lorenz, et al. Quantum Theory of Charge-transfer Processes in Condensed Media
• S.G. Christov. A Modern Approach to Surface Roughness Applied to Electrochemical Systems
• R.C. Salvarezza, A.J. Arvia. Index.

Volume

no. 29 ISBN 9780306451621

Description

No. 29 offers new insights into the energies of activation of electrode reactions and the interfacial behavior of proteins.

Table of Contents

1 Energies of Activation of Electrode Reactions: A Revisited Problem.- I. Introduction.- II. Prior Art.- III. Significance of EA Determined at Controlled Overpotential in Isothermal Cells without Transference..- IV. Potential of the SHE as the Electrical Reference Point.- V. Conclusion.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 2 The Electrochemical Activation of Catalytic Reactions.- I. Introduction.- II. Solid Electrolytes and Their Previous Catalytic and Electrocatalytic Applications.- III. Electrochemical Promotion of Catalytic Reactions: The NEMCA Effect.- IV. Electrochemical Promotion with O2--Conducting Solid Electrolytes.- V. Electrochemical Promotion with Na+-Conducting Solid Electrolytes.- VI. Electrochemical Promotion with H+-, F?-, and Other Ion-Conducting Solid Electrolytes.- VII. Electrochemical Promotion Using Aqueous Electrolytes.- VIII. Summary of the Theory of NEMCA.- IX. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 3 Effect of Surface Structure and Adsorption Phenomena on the Active Dissolution of Iron in Acid Media.- I. Introduction.- II. The Open Circuit.- III. Anodic Polarization.- IV. Mechanisms of Active Dissolution of Iron in Acid Media.- V. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 4 Electrochemical Investigations of the Interfacial Behavior of Proteins.- I. Introduction.- II. Techniques Used for the Study of the Interfacial Behavior of Proteins.- III. Electrochemical Techniques Used for Studies of Surface Adsorption.- IV. Behavior of Proteins in Solution and at Surfaces.- V. Applications of Electrochemical Techniques to the Study of the Interfacial Behavior of Proteins.- VI. Conclusions.- References.- 5 Chemisorption of Thiols on Metals and Metal Sulfides.- I. Introduction.- II. Froth Flotation.- III. Development of Theories of Mineral-Collector Interaction.- IV.Voltammetric Studies of the Oxidation of Thiols.- V. Chemisorption Isotherms.- VI. Self-Assembled Monolayers.- VII. Characterization of Thiol Adsorption by Nonelectrochemical Techniques.- VIII. Correlation of Adsorption and Surface Hydrophobicity.- IX. Eh-pH Diagrams Including Chemisorbed States.- X. Concluding Remarks.- References.- Cumulative Author Index.- Cumulative Title Index.

Volume

no. 30 ISBN 9780306454509

Description

Volume 30 of this authoritative series provides detailed information about current advances in both fundamental and applied electrochemical research.

Table of Contents

• The Semiconductor/Electrolyte Interface: A Surface Science Approach
• W. Jaegermann. Photovoltaic and Photo-Electrochemical Cells Based on Schottky-Barrier Heterojunctions
• W.A. badawy. The Mechanism of Coarse and Disperse Electrodeposits formation
• K.I. Popov, et al. The Manganese Dioxide Electrode in Aqueous Solution
• T.N. Anderson. Sorption of Hydrogen on and in Hydrogen-Adsorbing Metals in Electrochemical Environments
• T. Mizuno, M. Enyo. Index.

Volume

no. 31 ISBN 9780306456503

Description

Prof. Jerzy Sobkowski starts off this 31st volume of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry with a far-ranging discussion of experimental results from the past 10 years of interfacial studies. It forms a good background for the two succeeding chapters. The second chapter is by S. U. M. Khan on quantum mechanical treatment of electrode processes. Dr. Khan's experience in this area is a good basis for this chapter, the contents of which will surprise some, but which as been well refereed. Molecular dynamic simulation is now a much-used technique in physical electrochemistry and in the third chapter Ilan Benjamin has written an account that brings together information from many recent publications, sometimes confirming earlier modeling approaches and sometimes breaking new territory. In Chapter 4, Akiko Aramata's experience in researching single crystals is put to good advantage in her authoritative article on under- tential deposition. Finally, in Chapter 5, the applied side of electrochemistry is served by Bech-Neilsen et al. in the review of recent techniques for automated measurement of corrosion. J. O'M. Bockris, Texas A&M University B. E. Conway, University of Ottawa R. E. White, University of South Carolina Contents Chapter 1 METAL/SOLUTION INTERFACE: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Jerzy Sobkowski and Maria Jurkiewicz-Herbich I. Introduction.............................................. 1 II. Molecular Approach to the Metal/Solution Interface............. 3 1. Double-Layer Structure: General Considerations .......... 3 2. Solid Metal/Electrolyte Interface.......................... 8 3. Methods Used to Study Properties ofthe Metal/Solution Interface: Role of the Solvent and the Metal............. 15 The Thermodynamic Approach to the Metal/Solution Interface 35 III.

Table of Contents

• Metal/Solution Interface: An Experimental Approach
• J. Sobkowski, M. Jurkiewicz-Herbich. Quantum Mechanical Treatments in Electrode Kinetics
• S.U.M. Khan. Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Interfacial Electrochemistry
• I. Benjamin. Underpotential Deposition on Single Crystal Metals
• A. Aramata. Automated Methods of Corrosion Measurement
• G. Bech-Nielsen, et al. Index.

Volume

no. 32 ISBN 9780306459641

Description

Recognized experts present incisive analysis of both fundamental and applied problems in this continuation of a highly acclaimed series. Topics discussed include: A thorough and mathematical treatment of periodic phenomena, with consideration of new theories about the transition between `order' and `chaos'; Impedance spectroscopy as applied to the study of kinetics and mechanisms of electrode processes; The use of stoichiometric numbers in mechanism analysis; The electro-osmotic dewatering of clays with important implications for the processing of industrial waste and geotechnical; stabilization; Magnetic effects in electrolytic processes and the electrolytic Hall effect; and The computer analysis and modeling of mass transfer and fluid flow. These authoritative studies will be invaluable for researchers in engineering, electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, materials science, physical chemistry, and corrosion science.

Table of Contents

• 1. Principles of Temporal and Spatial Pattern Formation in Electrochemical Systems
• K. Krischer. 2. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and its Applications
• A. Lasia. 3. Establishing the Link between Multistep Electrochemical Reaction Mechanisms and Experimental Tafel Slopes
• M.C. Lefebvre. 4. Electro-Osmotic Dewatering of Clays, Soils, and Suspensions
• A.K. Vijh. 5. The Effect of Magnetic Fields on Electrochemical Processes
• T.Z. Fahidy. 6. Analysis of Mass Transfer and Fluid Flow for Electrochemical Processes
• J. Deliang, V. Modi, A.C. West. Cumulative Author Index. Cumulative Title Index. Subject Index.

Volume

no. 33 ISBN 9780306459689

Description

Recognized experts present incisive analysis of both fundamental and applied problems in this continuation of a highly acclaimed series. Topics discussed include: A review of the literature on the potential-of-zero charge by Trasatti and Lust. A thorough review and discussion of nonequilibrium fluctuations in corrosion processes. A wide-ranging discussion of conducting polymers, electrochemistry, and biomimicking processes. Microwave (photo)electrochemistry, from its origins to today's research opportunities, including its relation to electrochemistry. New fluorine cell design, from model development through preliminary engineering modeling, laboratory tests, and pilot plant tests. A comprehensive account of the major and rapidly developing field of the electrochemistry of electronically conducting polymers and their applications. These authoritative studies will be invaluable for researchers in engineering, electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, materials science, physical chemistry, and corrosion science.

Table of Contents

• 1: The Potential of Zero Charge
• S. Trasatti, E. Lust. I. Introductory Concepts. II. Experimental Aspects. III. Analysis of the Experimental Data. IV. Conclusions. V. References. 2: Nonequilibrium Fluctuations in Corrosion Process
• R. Aogaki. I. Introduction. II. Active, Passive and Transpassive States of Metals. III. Nonequilibrum Fluctuations in Corrosion. IV. Conclusion. V. References. 3: Conducting Polymers, Electrochemistry and Biomimicking Processes
• T. Fernandez Otero. I. Introduction. II. Electropolymerization of Conducting polymers. III. Electrochemical versus Chemical Polymerization of Conducting Polymers. IV. Selfdoped Polymers, Polymeric Composites and Hybrid Materials. V. Physical Properties of Dry Conducting Polymers. VI. Electrochemical Properties. VII. Electrochemistry and Electrode Structures. VIII. Experimental Chronoamperograms and Chronocoulograms Under Conformational Relaxation Control. IX. Polymer-Solvent Interactions from the ESCR Model. X. Chronocoulograms Under Conformational Relaxation Control. XI. Voltammetry Under Conformational Relxation Control. XII. Experimental and Theoretical Voltammograms. XIII. Experimental and Theoretical Coulovoltagrams. XIV. Conducting Polymers as Soft and Nonstoichiometric Materials. Electrochemical Evidences. XV. Conducting Polymers as Three-Dimensional Electrodes at Molecular level. XVI. Soft, Wet and Complex Materials MimickingBiological Processes. XVII. Technological Applications of the ESCR Model. 4: Microwave (Photo)Electrochemistry
• H. Tributsch. I. Introduction. II. Experimental. III. Theoretical Challenge. IV. Potential Dependent Stationary Microwave Conductivity Measurements. V. Potential Dependent Time Resolved Measurements. VI. Potential Dependent Periodical Measurements. VII. Oxides and Sensitization Cells. VIII. Microwave Phase Measurements. IX. Summary and Discussion. X. Acknowledgements. XI. References. XII. Figure Legends. 5: Improvements in Fluorine Generations
• G.L. Bauer, W.V. Childs. I. Introduction. II. A Caution. III. The Challenge. IV. Acknowledgements. V. References.

Volume

no. 34 ISBN 9780306464621

Description

Recognized experts present incisive analysis of both fundamental and applied problems in this continuation of a highly-acclaimed series. Topics discussed include: The way in which electrochemical systems may function as on a single electrode; The foundational area of voltaic measurements at liquid interfaces; Direct methanol fuel cells, which would avoid the unpleasant necessity faced by the current general of fuel cells - namely, using hydrogen; Dynamic processes in molten salts; Electrochemical techniques and Microbial Induced Corrosion (MIC).

Table of Contents

A Critique of the Additivity Principle for Mixed Couples.- Voltaic Cells in Electrochemistry and Surface Chemistry of Liquids.- Direct Methanol Fuel Cells: From a Twentieth Century Electrochemist’s Dream to a Twenty-first Century Emerging Technology.- Transport Properties of Molten Salts.- Application of Electrochemical Techniques to the Study of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion.

Volume

no. 35 ISBN 9780306467769

Description

Recognized experts present incisive analyses of both fundamental and applied problems in this continuation of a highly acclaimed series. Topics in Number 35 include: Impedance spectroscopy with specific applications to electrode processes involving hydrogen; Fundamentals and contemporary applications of electroless metal deposition; The development of computational electrochemistry and its application to electrochemical kinetics; Analysis of electrolyte solutions at high concentrations; Applications of the Born theory to solvent polarization by ions and its extensions to treatment of kinetics of ionic reactions. GBP/LISTGBP

Table of Contents

• 1. Applications of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to Hydrogen Adsorption, Evolution and Absorption into Metals
• A. Lasia. 2. Electroless Deposition of Metals
• D. Djokic. 3. Towards a Computational Electrochemistry - a Kineticist's Perspective
• L.K. Bieniasz. 4. Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Bridging Electrolyte - Water Systems
• M.A. Abraham, M.-C. Abraham. 5. Factors Limiting Applications of the Historically Significant Born Equation: A Critical Review
• B.E. Conway. References.

Volume

no. 36 ISBN 9780306474927

Description

This volume of Modern Aspects contains a remarkable spread of topics covered in an authoritative manner by some internationally renowned specialists. In a seminal chapter Drs. Babu, Oldfield and Wieckowski demonstrate eloquently the strength of electrochemical nuclear magnetic resonance (EC-NMR) to study in situ both sides of the electrochemical interface via the simultaneous use of and This powerful non-invasive technique brings new insights to both fundamental and practical key aspects of electrocatalysis, including the design of better anodes for PEM fuel cells. The recent impressive advances in the use of rigorous ab initio quantum chemical calculations in electrochemistry are described in a remarkable chapter by Marc Koper, one of the leading protagonists in this fascinating area. This lucid chapter is addressed to all electrochemists, including those with very little prior exposure to quantum chemistry, and demonstrates the usefulness of ab initio calculations, including density functional theory (DFT) methods, to understand several key aspects of fuel cell electrocatalysis at the molecular level. The most important macroscopic and statistical thermodynamic models developed to describe adsorption phenomena on electrodes are presented critically in a concise and authoritative chapter by Panos Nikitas. The reader is guided through the seminal contributions of Frumkin, Butler, Bockris, Guidelli and others, to the current state of the art adsorption isotherms, which are both rigorous, and in good agreement with experiment.

Table of Contents

• 1: Nanoparticle Surfaces Studied by Electrochemical NMR
• P.K. Babu, E. Oldfield, A. Wieckowski. I. Introduction. II. Experimental. III. Results and Discussion. IV. 13C NMR at the Electrochemical Interface. V. Summary and Conclusions. Appendix. References. 2: Ab Initio Quantum-Chemical Calculations in Electrochemistry
• M.T.M. Koper. I. Introduction. II. Ab Initio Quantum Chemistry. III. Selected Applications. IV. Outlook. References. 3: Macroscopic and Molecular Models of Adsorption Phenomena on Electrode Surfaces
• P. Nikitas. I. Introduction. II. Features of Electrosorption and Factors Affecting them. III. Macroscopic Models. IV. Molecular Models. V. Complicated Adsorption Phenomena. VI. Polarization Catastrophe and Other Artifacts. VII. The Role of the Metal Electrode-The Case of Solid Electrodes. VIII. Computer Simulation. IX. Conclusions. References. 4: Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis
• G. Foti, I. Bolzonella, C. Comninellis. I. Introduction. II. The Phenomenon of Electrochemical Promotion. III. Fundamental Studies of Electrochemical Promotion. IV. Cell Development for Electrochemical Promotion. V. Conclusions. References. 5: Mechanisms of Lithium Transport Through Transition Metal Oxides And Carbonaceous Materials
• Heon-Cheol Shin, Su-Il Pyun. I. Introduction. II. Bird's Eye View of the Models for CurrentTransients in Lithium Intercalation Systems: Diffusion Controlled Lithium Transport. III. General Perspective on Current Transients from Transition Metal Oxides and Graphite. IV. Physical Origin of the Current Transients. V. Theoretical Description of Cell-Impedance Controlled Lithium Transport. VI. Concluding Remarks. References.

Volume

no. 37 ISBN 9780306482267

Description

This volume of Modern Aspects contains seven chapters. The major topics covered in the first six chapters of this volume include fundamentals of solid state electrochemistry; kinetics of electrochemical hydrogen entry into metals and alloys; oxidation of organics; fuel cells; electrode kinetics of trace-anion catalysis; nano structural analysis. The last chapter is a corrected version of chapter four from Volume 35. Faisal M. AI-faqeer and Howard W. Pickering begin the first chapter by going back to 1864 and Cailletet who found that some hydrogen evolved and was absorbed by iron when it was immersed in dilute sulfuric acid. The absorption of hydrogen into metals and alloys can lead to catastrophic failures of structures. They discuss the kinetics of electrochemical hydrogen entry into metals and alloys. In chapter three, Clyde L. Briant reviews the electrochemistry, corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement of unalloyed titanium. He begins by reviewing the basic electrochemistry and general corrosion of titanium. He also discusses pitting and galvanostatic corrosion followed by a review of hydrogen embrittlement emphasizing the formation of hydrides and the effect of these on titanium's mechanical properties. Christos Comninellis and Gy6rgy F6ti discuss the oxidative electrochemical processes of organics in chapter three. They begin by defining direct and indirect electrochemical oxidation of organics. They introduce a model that allows them to distinguish between active (strong) and non-active (weak) anodes. Different classes of organic compounds are used for kinetic models of organic oxidation at active and non-active type anodes.

Table of Contents

• * 1: Kinetics Of Electrochemical Hydrogen Entry into Metals and Alloys
• F.M. Al-Faqeer. * 2: The Electrochemistry, Corrosion and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Titanium
• C.L. Briant. * 3: Electrochemical Oxidation of Organics on Iridium Oxide and Synthetic Diamond Based Electrodes
• G. Foti. * 4: Fuel Cells
• K. Hemmes. * 5: Trace-Anion Catalysis of Outer-Sphere Heterogeneous Charge-Transfer Reactions
• Z. Nagy.

Volume

no. 38 ISBN 9780306487033

Description

This volume comprises six chapters on aspects of fundamental and applied electrochemical science that will be of interest both to researchers in the basic areas of the subject and to those involved in aspects of electrochemical technologies. Chapter 1 is the first part of a 2-part, major contribution by Joachim Maier on Solid State Electrochemistry: Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Charge Carriers in Solids. Part 2 will follow in volume 39 to be published in year 2005. This contribution reviews modern concepts of the equilibria involving charge carriers in solids in terms of concentrations of defects in solids and at grain-boundaries, including doping effects. Complementarily, kinetics of charge transfer and ion transfer are treated in some detail in relation to conductance, kinetics of surface processes and electrode-kinetics involving solid-state processes. This chapter will be of major interest to electrochemists and physicists in the semiconductor field and that involving ionic solids. In the second chapter, Appleby presents a detailed discussion and review in modern terms of a central aspect of electrochemistry: Electron Transfer Reactions With and Without Ion Transfer. Electron transfer is the most fundamental aspect of most processes at electrode interfaces and is also involved intimately with the homogeneous chemistry of redox reactions in solutions.

Table of Contents

Solid State Electrochemistry 1.- Electron Transfer Reactions with and without Ion Transfer.- Electrosorption Valency and Partial Charge Transfer.- Phosphoric Acid Fuel.- Cells (PAFCs) for Utilities.- Nanostructural Analysis of Bright Metal Surfaces in Relation to their Reflectivity.- Electroplating of Metal Matrix Composites by Codeposition of Suspended Particles.- Index.

Volume

no. 39 ISBN 9780387233710

Description

This volume of Modern Aspects covers a wide spread of topics presented in an authoritative, informative and instructive manner by some internationally renowned specialists. Professors Politzer and Dr. Murray provide a comprehensive description of the various theoretical treatments of solute-solvent interactions, including ion-solvent interactions. Both continuum and discrete molecular models for the solvent molecules are discussed, including Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. The advantages and drawbacks of the resulting models and computational approaches are discussed and the impressive progress made in predicting the properties of molecular and ionic solutions is surveyed. The fundamental and applied electrochemistry of the silicon/electrolyte interface is presented in an authoritative review by Dr. Gregory Zhang, with emphasis in the preparation of porous silicon, a material of significant technological interest, via anodic dissolution of monocrystalline Si. The chapter shows eloquently how fundamental electrokinetic principles can be utilized to obtain the desired product morphology. Markov chains theory provides a powerful tool for modeling several important processes in electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering, including electrode kinetics, anodic deposit formation and deposit dissolution processes, electrolyzer and electrochemical reactors performance and even reliability of warning devices and repair of failed cells. The way this can be done using the elegant Markov chains theory is described in lucid manner by Professor Thomas Fahidy in a concise chapter which gives to the reader only the absolutely necessary mathematics and is rich in practical examples.

Table of Contents

Quantitative Approaches to Solute-Solvent Interactions.- Porous Silicon: Morphology and Formation Mechanisms.- Modeling Electrochemical Phenomena via Markov Chains and Processes.- Fractal Approach to Rough Surfaces and Interfaces in Electrochemistry.- Phenomenology and Mechanisms of Electrochemical Treatment (ECT) of Tumors.

Volume

no. 40 ISBN 9780387460994

Description

This volume in the acclaimed series Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry starts with a dedication to the late Professor Brian Conway who for 50 years helped to guide this series to its current prominence. The remainder of the volume is then devoted to the following topics: PEM fuel cells; the use of graphs in electrochemical reaction newtworks; nanomaterials in Lithium-ion batteries; direct methanolf fuel cells (two chapters); fuel cell catalyst layers. The book is for electrochemists, electrochemical engineers, fuel cell workers and energy generation workers.

Table of Contents

PEM Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates.- Basic Applications of the Analysis of Variance and Covariance in Electrochemical Science and Engineering.- Nanomaterials in Li-Ion Battery Electrode Design.- Direct Methanol Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Problems and Perspectives.- Review of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells.- Direct Numerical Simulation of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers.

Volume

no. 41 ISBN 9780387461076

Description

Volume 41 of the prominent series Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry covers a range of topics in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering. The topics include the second chapter on the survey of experimental techniques and devices of solid state electrochemistry begun by Professor Joachim Maier in Volume 39. Chapter two contains a review of synthesis and characterization of nanoporous carbons and their electrochemical applications. The next chapter reviews and discusses the use of graphs in the study of chemical reaction network. The book also reviews and discusses mathematical models of three dimensional electrode structures.

Table of Contents

Solid State Electrochemistry II: Devices and Techniques.- Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous Carbon and its Electrochemical Application to Electrode Material for Supercapacitors.- The Use of Graphs in the Study of Electrochemical Reaction Networks.- Approximate Analytical Solutions for Models of Three-Dimensional Electrodes by Adomian's Decomposition Method.

Volume

no. 42 ISBN 9780387494883

Description

This volume analyzes and summarizes recent developments in several key interfacial electrochemical systems in the areas of fuel cell electrocatatalysis, electrosynthesis and electrodeposition. The six Chapters are written by internationally recognized experts in these areas and address both fundamental and practical aspects of several existing or emerging key electrochemical technologies. The Chapter by R. Adzic, N. Marinkovic and M. Vukmirovic provides a lucid and authoritative treatment of the electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of Ruthenium, a key element for the devel- ment of efficient electrodes for polymer electrolyte (PEM) fuel cells. Starting from fundamental surface science studies and interfacial considerations, this up-to-date review by some of the pioneers in this field, provides a deep insight in the complex catalytic-electrocatalytic phenomena occurring at the interfaces of PEM fuel cell electrodes and a comprehensive treatment of recent developments in this extremely important field. Several recent breakthroughs in the design of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes and cathodes are described in the Chapter of H. Uchida and M. Watanabe. The authors, who have pioneered several of these developments, provide a lucid presentation d- cribing how careful fundamental investigations of interfacial electrocatalytic anode and cathode phenomena lead to novel electrode compositions and microstructures and to significant practical advances of SOFC anode and cathode stability and enhanced electrocatalysis.

Table of Contents

Some Recent Studies in Ruthenium Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis.- High-Performance Electrodes for Medium-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.- Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Metal Electrodes.- Induced Codeposition of Alloys of Tungsten, Molybdenum and Rhenium with Transition Metals.- 25 Years of the Scanning Tunneling Microscopy.- Modern Applications of Electrochemical Technology.

Volume

no. 43 ISBN 9780387495804

Description

This volume is meant as an introductory resource aimed at practitioners of electrochemistry research, technology and development mainly at the atomic, molecular or macromolecular levels. Emphasis is placed at length scales in the 1-100 nm range. The aim of the volume is to help provide understanding of electrochemical phenomena and materials at the nanoscale through modeling and numeric simulations. It is also designed to serve as a means to create and use structures.

Table of Contents

Mathematical Modeling in Electrochemistry.- High Precision Atomic Theory: Tests of Fundamental Understanding.- Modeling of Impedance of Porous Electrodes.- Multiscale Mass Transport in Porous Silicon Gas Sensors.- Electrochemical Materials for PEM Fuel Cells: Insights from Physical Theory and Simulation.- Modeling of Catalyst Structure Degradation in PEM Fuel Cells.- Modeling Water Management in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells.- Adaptive Characterization and Modeling of Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications.

Volume

no. 44 ISBN 9780387495842

Description

The present volume is the second in a two-volume set dealing with modelling and numerical simulations in electrochemistry. Emphasis is placed on the aspect of nanoelectrochemical issues. It seems appropriate at this juncture to mention the n- growing body of opinion in some circles that George Box was right when he stated, three decades ago, that "All models are wrong, but some are useful". Actually, when the statement itself was made it would have been more appropriate to say that "All models are inaccurate but most are useful nonetheless". At present, however, the statement, as it was made, is far more appropriate and closer to the facts than ever before. Currently, we are in the midst of the age of massively abundant data. Today's philosophy seems to be that we do not need to know why one piece of information is better than another except through the statistics of incoming and outgoing links between information and this is good enough. It is why, both in principle and in practice, one can translate between two languages, without knowledge of either. While none of this can be ignored, and it may even be true that "All models are wrong and increasingly you can succeed without them" the traditional approach of scienti?c modelling is still the order of the day. That approach may be stated as hypothesize - measure - model - test. It is in this light that the present volume should be viewed.

Table of Contents

Numerical Modeling of Certain Electrochemical Processes.- Near-Field Optics for Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (Experiment, Theory, and Modeling).- Symmetry Considerations in the Modelling of Light-Matter Interactions in Nanoelectrochemistry.- Applications of Computer Simulations and Statistical Mechanics in Surface Electrochemistry.- AC-Electrogravimetry Investigation in Electroactive Thin Films.- Monte Carlo Simulations of the Underpotential Deposition of Metal Layers on Metallic Substrates: Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena.- Topics in the Mathematical Modeling of Localized Corrosion.- Density-Functional Theory in External Electric and Magnetic Fields.- Acoustic Microscopy Applied to NanoStructured Thin Film Systems.- Current Distribution in Electrochemical Cells: Analytical and Numerical Modeling.

Volume

no. 46 ISBN 9780387922621

Description

The present volume of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry is composed of four chapters covering topics having relevance both in corrosion science and materials engineering. All of the chapters provide comprehensive coverage of recent advances in corrosion science. The first chapter, by Maurice and Marcus, provides a comprehensive review on the structural aspects and anti-corrosion properties of passive films on metals and alloys. These authors look at recent experimental data collected by in-situ microscopic techniques coupled with electrochemical methods. A detailed description is given of the nucleation and growth of 2-dimensional passive films at earlier stages, their effect on the corrosion properties of metal surfaces, and the nanostructures of- dimensional passive films. On the basis of the experimental data reviewed, the authors present a model for passivity breakdown and pit initiation, which takes into account the preferential role of grain boundaries. In Chapter 2, Takahashi and his co-workers give a specialized account on the electrochemical and structural properties of anodic oxide films formed on aluminum. In addition to the electrochemical corrosion-related problems of anodic oxide films, the chapter reviews state-of-the-art research of nano-/mic- fabrications based on anodizing treatments combined with chemical/mechanical processes such as laser irradiation, atomic force micro-probe processing and thin film deposition techniques.

Table of Contents

Structure, Passivation and Localized Corrosion of Metal Surfaces.- Anodic Oxide Films on Aluminum: Their Significance for Corrosion Protection and Micro- and Nano-Technologies.- Electrochemical, Microscopic and Surface Analytical Studies of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Alloys.- Physicochemical Characterization of Passive Films and Corrosion Layers by Differential Admittance and Photocurrent Spectroscopy.

Volume

no. 49 ISBN 9780387980676

Description

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) or proton exchange m- brane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been suggested as alternatives to replace many existing energy conversion technologies, incl- inginternalcombustionenginesandbatteries.Themostsigni?cant advances in PEFC technology achieved in the last decade have occurredinareasrelatedtoautomotiveapplications,namelyco- start capabilities, enhanced durability and better understanding of watermanagementandmasstransportlosses. This volume of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry is intendedtoprovideanoverviewofadvancementsinexperimental diagnosticsandmodelingofpolymerelectrolytefuelcells.Chapters byHuangandReifsniderandGuetal.provideanin-depthreview of the durability issues in PEFCs as well as recent developments in understanding and mitigation of degradation in the polymer membraneandelectrocatalyst. Enabling cold start, the startup of PEFC stacks from subzero temperatures, is a very important capability achieved only within thelastfewyears.TajiriandWangprovideatutorialoverviewofthe requirementsforcoldstart,andprovideasummaryofexperimental diagnosticsandcold-startmodelingstudies. Chapters 4-6 address speci?c diagnostic methods in PEFCs. Martin et al. provide a detailed review of methods for distributed diagnostics of species, temperature, and current in PEFCs in Chapter 4.In Chapter 5, Hussey and Jacobson describe the op- ationalprinciplesofneutronradiographyforin-situvisualizationof liquidwaterdistribution,andalsooutlineissuesrelatedtotemporal andspatialresolution.TsushimaandHiraidescribebothmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for visualization of water in PEFCsandtunablediodelaserabsorptionspectroscopy (TDLAS) formeasurementofwatervaporconcentrationinChapter6. Diffusionmedia(DM)areproneto?oodingwithliquidwater. AlthoughtheDMisanessentialcomponentofPEFCsthatenable distributionofspeciesandcollectionofcurrentandheat,littlewas knownaboutcapillarytransportinDMsuntilrecently.InChapters7 Gostick et al. provide a description of liquid water transport in porousDMduetocapillarityanddescribeexperimentaltechniques usedtocharacterizeDMproperties. v vi Preface The?naltwochaptersdiscussmodelingofPEFCs.Mukherjee and Wang provide an in-depth review of meso-scale modeling of two-phase transport, while Zhou et al. summarize both the s- ulation of electrochemical reactions on electrocatalysts and the transport of protons through the polymer electrolyte using at- isticsimulationtoolssuchasmoleculardynamicsandMonteCarlo techniques. Eachchapterinthevolumeisself-contained;thereforetheydo notneedtobereadinacertainorder. Special thanks are due to 23 authors who contributed to this volume.

Table of Contents

Durability of PEM Fuel Cell Membranes.- Modeling of Membrane-Electrode-Assembly Degradation in Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cells - Local H2 Starvation and Start-Stop Induced Carbon-Support Corrosion.- Cold Start of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells.- Species, Temperature, and Current Distribution Mapping in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells.- High-Resolution Neutron Radiography Analysis of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy for In-Situ Water Diagnostics in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells.- Characterization of the Capillary Properties of Gas Diffusion Media.- Mesoscopic Modeling of Two-Phase Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells.- Atomistic Modeling in Study of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells - A Review.

Volume

no. 45 ISBN 9781441906540

Description

This volume contains ?ve chapters. The topics covered are the cathodic reduction of nitrate, for which the key issues are pr- uct selectivity and current ef?ciency; a discussion of ionic l- uids known as molten or fused salts in key industrial processes; the properties of nanowires made of metals and semiconductors by means of electrodeposition into porous templates and template synthesis; and an overview of a range of alloys used in elect- plating, and trends in ammonium electrolysis. Also, included is a review of the applications of synchroton x-ray scattering to the electrochemical interphase. Chapter 1 by Celia Milhano and Derek Pletcher reviews the cathodic reduction of nitrate as a "truly fascinating reaction" since processes for nitrate removal from drinking water and effluents and reducing nitrates in nuclear waste is an essential step in n- lear waste disposal. The authors also review electrochemical membrane technology not involving the cathodic reduction of - trate. In Chapter 2, the authors discuss substances called ionic l- uids, and the fact that this is really a new more modern term for molten or fused salts. However, the label of ionic liquids is usu- ly applied to the liquid state of salts at or near room temperature, which is a way to differentiate low-melting salts from higher me- ing cousins. These molten or fused salts form the basis of several key industrial processes, and this chapter is primarily devoted to the non-haloaluminate ionic liquids as reviewed by Tetsuya Tsuda and Charles L. Hussey.

Table of Contents

The Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Technology of Nitrate.- Electrochemistry of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids and Melts.- Electrochemical Step Edge Decoration (ESED): A Versatile Tool for the Nanofabrication of Wires.- Trends in Ammonia Electrolysis.- Applications of Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering for the Investigation of the Electrochemical Interphase.

Volume

no. 42 [: pbk] ISBN 9781441923837

Description

This volume analyzes and summarizes recent developments in several key interfacial electrochemical systems in the areas of fuel cell electrocatatalysis, electrosynthesis and electrodeposition. The six Chapters are written by internationally recognized experts in these areas and address both fundamental and practical aspects of several existing or emerging key electrochemical technologies. The Chapter by R. Adzic, N. Marinkovic and M. Vukmirovic provides a lucid and authoritative treatment of the electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of Ruthenium, a key element for the devel- ment of efficient electrodes for polymer electrolyte (PEM) fuel cells. Starting from fundamental surface science studies and interfacial considerations, this up-to-date review by some of the pioneers in this field, provides a deep insight in the complex catalytic-electrocatalytic phenomena occurring at the interfaces of PEM fuel cell electrodes and a comprehensive treatment of recent developments in this extremely important field. Several recent breakthroughs in the design of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes and cathodes are described in the Chapter of H. Uchida and M. Watanabe. The authors, who have pioneered several of these developments, provide a lucid presentation d- cribing how careful fundamental investigations of interfacial electrocatalytic anode and cathode phenomena lead to novel electrode compositions and microstructures and to significant practical advances of SOFC anode and cathode stability and enhanced electrocatalysis.

Table of Contents

Some Recent Studies in Ruthenium Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis.- High-Performance Electrodes for Medium-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.- Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Metal Electrodes.- Induced Codeposition of Alloys of Tungsten, Molybdenum and Rhenium with Transition Metals.- 25 Years of the Scanning Tunneling Microscopy.- Modern Applications of Electrochemical Technology.

Volume

no. 47 ISBN 9781441955777

Description

This and volume no. 47 of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry is composed of eight chapters covering topics having relevance both in corrosion science and materials engineering. In particular, the first seven chapters provide comprehensive coverage of recent advances in corrosion science.

Table of Contents

Advances in the Study of Electrochemical and Corrosion Phenomena in High Subcritical and in Supercritical Aqueous Solutions.- Passive oxide films on iron by in-situ detection of optical techniques.- Probing and modelling of galvanic coupling phenomena in localized corrosion.- Preparation of Hierarchical (nano/meso/macro) Porous Structures using electrochemical deposition

Volume

no. 48 ISBN 9781441955883

Description

In the past few decades, research in the science of electrodeposition of metals has shown the important practical applications of electronic, magnetic, energy devices and biomedical materials. The aim of this new volume is to review the latest developments electrodeposition and present them to teachers, professionals, and students working in the field.

Table of Contents

Hydrogen Co-deposition Effects on the Structure of Electrodeposited Copper.- Noble Metal Nanoislands Decoration of Au(111) and Pt(111) Single Crystal Surfaces.- Electrodeposition for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Devices.- The Effect of Morphology of Activated Electrodes on Their Electrochemical Activity.- Electrochemical Micromachining and Microstructuring of Aluminum and Anodic Alumina.- Electroless Deposition: Theory and Applications.

by "Nielsen BookData"

Details

• NCID: BA0069235X
• ISBN:
  • 0306376466
  • 0306376474
  • 0306376482
  • 0306376490
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  • 9780387922621
  • 9781441955777
  • 9781441955883
  • 9780387980676
• LCCN: 54012732
• Country Code: uk
• Title Language Code: eng
• Text Language Code: eng
• Place of Publication: London,New York
• Pages/Volumes: v.
• Size: 22 cm
• Classification:
  • DC18 : 541.37