Paleomagnetology

著者

• Khramov, A. N. (Alekseĭ Nikitich)
• Tarling, D. H. (Donald Harvey)

書誌事項

Paleomagnetology

[edited by] Akleksey [sic] N. Khramov ; technical editor D.H. Tarling

Springer-Verlag, c1987

• : U.S.
• : Germany
• : soft cover

注記

Translation of: Paleomagnitologii︠a︡

内容説明・目次

巻冊次

: Germany ISBN 9783540173601

目次

• 1 Physical and Geophysical Aspects of Paleomagnetology.- 1.1 Magnetic Values and Magnetic Units.- 1.2 Principal Properties of the Geomagnetic Field.- 1.2.1 Elements of the Earth's Magnetism.- 1.2.2 Origin of the Geomagnetic Field.- 1.2.3 Principle of the Central Axial Dipole and the Paleomagnetic Field.- 1.2.4 Models of the Geomagnetic Field.- 1.3 General Data on Rock Magnetism.- 1.3.1 Principal Magnetic Properties of Materials.- 1.3.2 Magnetic Properties of Rocks.- 1.3.3 Assemblage of Single-Domain, Noninteracting Particles.- 1.3.4 Magnetic Viscosity.- 1.4 Types of Remanent Magnetization of Rocks.- 1.4.1 Remanent, Induced and Viscous Magnetizations.- 1.4.2 Thermoremanent Magnetization.- 1.4.3 Detrital Remanent Magnetization.- 1.4.4 Chemical Remanent Magnetization.- 1.4.5 Pressure Effects Upon Remanent Magnetization.- 1.4.6 Isothermal and Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetizations.- 1.4.7 Stability of Remanent Magnetization.- 1.4.8 Spectra of Demagnetization and the Principles of Magnetic Cleaning.- 1.5 Ferromagnetic Properties of Rocks.- 1.5.1 Mineral-Carriers of the Ferromagnetic Properties of Rocks.- 1.5.2 Certain Magnetic Characteristics of Rocks.- 1.5.3 Natural Remanent Magnetization Jn of Rocks.- 1.5.4 Physical and Chronologic Components of the NRM
• Paleomagnetic Stability of Rocks.- 1.5.5 Problem of Acquisition of Reversed Magnetization in a Rock.- 1.6 Distribution of Directions of Natural Remanent Magnetization in Rocks.- 1.6.1 Initial Paleomagnetic Data and the Drawing of Magnetic Directions.- 1.6.2 Fisher's Distribution.- 1.6.3 Observed Distributions of Magnetization Jn in Rocks.- 2 Methods and Techniques Used in Paleomagnetic Studies.- 2.1 Principles of the Investigation of Geologic Bodies
• Collection of Oriented Samples.- 2.1.1 Objects of Paleomagnetic Studies.- 2.1.2 Techniques Used in the Study of Geological Bodies.- 2.1.3 Orientation of Samples and Specimen Preparation.- 2.2 Magnetic Measurements.- 2.2.1 Equipment Used in Magnetic Measurements.- 2.2.2 Astatic Magnetometers.- 2.2.3 Spinner Magnetometer.- 2.2.4 Fluxgate Magnetometer.- 2.3 Field Methods Used in the Determination of Ancient Magnetization.- 2.3.1 Evaluation of the Paleomagnetic Stability of Rocks.- 2.3.2 Determination of the Degree of Paleomagnetic Stability.- 2.3.3 Determination of the Direction of Ancient Magnetization.- 2.3.4 Field Methods Used in the Estimation of the Synchroneity of Ancient Magnetization.- 2.4 Magnetic Stability Tests and Magnetic Cleaning.- 2.4.1 General.- 2.4.2 Temporal Cleaning and the Compensation Method.- 2.4.3 Alternating Magnetic Field Cleaning.- 2.4.4 Thermal Cleaning.- 2.4.5 Chemical Cleaning.- 2.4.6 Low-Temperature Cleaning.- 2.4.7 Combined Cleanings.- 2.4.8 Methods for the Presentation of Magnetic Cleaning Data and Their Interpretation.- 2.5 Analysis of the Origin of Ancient Magnetizations.- 2.6 Statistical Analysis of the Paleomagnetic Directions and Poles.- 2.6.1 The Best Estimates of Mean Direction and Precision Parameters.- 2.6.2 Estimates of the Accuracy of the Determination for Unit and Mean Directions of NRM.- 2.6.3 Choice of the Set of the NRM Directions.- 2.6.4 Fit of the Observed NRM to Fisher's Distribution.- 2.6.5 Two-Tier Statistical Analysis.- 2.6.6 Virtual Geomagnetic and Paleomagnetic Pole Distributions and Their Confidence Ovals.- 2.7 Methods Used in the Determination of the Geomagnetic Field Intensity in the Geological Past.- 2.7.1 The Basic Principles of the Ancient Geomagnetic.- Field Intensity Determination.- 2.7.2 Estimation of the Ancient Field Ha by the Redeposition Method.- 2.7.3 Method of Magnetic Anisotropic Parameters.- 2.7.4 Thellier's Method.- 2.7.5 Method of Anhysteretic Magnetization.- 2.7.6 Method of Stepwise Remagnetization.- 2.7.7 Estimation of the Ancient Field Intensity Ha by Q0 the Factor.- 3 The Geomagnetic Field in the Phanerozoic and the Magnetostratigraphic Scale.- 3.1 Geomagnetic Reversals and Geomagnetic Polarity Scales.- 3.1.1 Evidence of Geomagnetic Reversals.- 3.1.2 Types of Geomagnetic Polarity Scales.- 3.1.3 Dating of Polarity Epochs on Lava Flows
• the Magnetochronologic Scale.- 3.1.4 Zones of Geomagnetic Polarity in Bottom Sediments of the World Ocean.- 3.1.5 Scale of Marine Magnetic Anomalies.- 3.1.6 Construction of a Magnetostratigraphic Polarity Scale: Principles and Problems.- 3.2 The Phanerozoic Magnetostratigraphic Scale.- 3.2.1 Structure of the Magnetostratigraphic Scale for the USSR.- 3.2.2 Paleozoic.- 3.2.3 Mesozoic.- 3.2.4 Cenozoic.- 3.2.5 Correlation of the Phanerozoic Paleomagnetic Scale for the USSR and the World Paleomagnetic Data.- 3.3.6 Comparison of the Mesozoic Paleomagnetic Scale of the USSR and the Scale of Marine Magnetic Anomalies.- 3.3 Mechanisms of Geomagnetic Reversals and Their Morphology.- 3.3.1 Possible Mechanisms of Geomagnetic Reversals.- 3.3.2 Morphology of Geomagnetic Reversals.- 3.3.3 Morphology of the Early Paleozoic Reversals.- 3.3.4 Reversals at the Paleozoic-Mesozoic Boundary.- 3.3.5 Reversals in the Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic.- 3.3.6 Morphology of Geomagnetic Reversals: Conclusions.- 3.4 Time Structure of the Geomagnetic Field Between the Reversals.- 3.4.1 Events and Excursion of the Geomagnetic Field.- 3.4.2 Paleosecular Variations of the Geomagnetic Field.- 3.5 Regularities in the Spatial Distribution of the Paleomagnetic Field.- 3.5.1 Paleomagnetic Field
• Procedures of Isolation and Analysis.- 3.5.2 Paleomagnetic Field During the Carboniferous and Permian and the Model of the Central Axial Dipole.- 3.5.3 Asymmetric (Anomalous) and Axially Symmetric Nondipole Fields.- 3.5.4 Model of Noncentral Axial Dipole and Its Testing.- 3.5.5 Spherical Harmonic Analysis of Paleomagnetic Data.- 3.6 The Intensity of the Geomagnetic Field in the Phanerozoic.- 4 Paleomagnetism and Plate Tectonics.- 4.1 Paleomagnetic Studies of Plate Movements and Fold Belt Tectonics.- 4.1.1 Application of Paleomagnetic Methods inTectonics.- 4.1.2 Principles of Paleomagnetic Methods in Solving Tectonic Tasks.- 4.1.3 Principles of Analysis and Selection of Paleomagnetic Data.- 4.2 Apparent Polar Wander Path for Major Plates
• Formation and Break-Up of Supercontinents.- 4.2.1 Paleomagnetic Poles and Their Wandering.- 4.2.2 Apparent Polar Wander Paths for Major Plates.- 4.2.3 Reconstruction of the Relative Positions of Two Continents.- 4.2.4 Formation and Break-Up of Supercontinents.- 4.3 Paleomagnetic Poles and Movements of the Russian and Siberian Platforms in the Paleozoic.- 4.3.1 Apparent Polar Wander Paths of the Russian and Siberian Platforms.- 4.3.2 Paleozoic Drift of the Siberian and Russian Platforms.- 4.4 Paleomagnetic Poles and Plate Kinematics.- 4.4.1 Reconstruction of Plate Positions.- 4.4.2 Determination of Kinematic Parameters of Plate Movement.- 4.4.3 Paleomagnetism of Seamounts and Movement of Oceanic Plates.- 4.5 Global Reconstructions for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Epochs.- 4.5.1 Global Reconstructions for the Mesozoic and Paleogene.- 4.5.2 Global Reconstructions for the Middle and Late Paleozoic.- 4.5.3 Examples of Global Reconstructions for the Late Proterozoic and Early Paleozoic.- 4.5.4 History of Horizontal Motions of the Major Lithospheric Plates in the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic: Conclusions.- 5 Paleomagnetism and Tectogenetie Problems.- 5.1 Paleomagnetism in Fold Belts.- 5.1.1 Components of Tectonic Movements and Their Paleomagnetic Studies.- 5.1.2 The Determination of Local Movements and Correction for Their Effects
• General Solution.- 5.1.3 The Determination of Local Movements and Correction for Their Effects
• A Special Case.- 5.1.4 Regional and Local Components of Tectonic Movements.- 5.2 Palinspastic Reconstructions According to Paleomagnetic Data.- 5.2.1 Local Tectonic Movements in the Tajik Depression and in Southern Tien Shan.- 5.2.2 Construction of the Palinspastic Scheme of the Tajik Depression in the Early Cretaceous.- 5.2.3 Reconstruction of the Paleogene Sedimentary Basin of the Tajik Depression.- 5.2.4 Palinspastic Scheme for Central Asia During the Early Permian Epoch.- 5.3 Deformations in Certain Fold Belts of Eurasia According to Paleomagnetic Data.- 5.3.1 On the Nature of Tectonic Deformations in the Alpine-Himalayan Fold Belt.- 5.3.2 Deformations in the Urals Belt.- 5.3.3 Deformations in the Areas Surrounding the Siberian Platform.- 5.4 Tectogenesis and Rhythmicity of Geomagnetic Reversals.- 5.5 A General Hypothesis of Tectogenesis.- 5.5.1 Hypothesis of Planetary Equilibrium.- 5.5.2 Drift of the Lithospheric Plates and the Coriolis Force.- 6 Paleomagnetology and Mineral Deposits.- 6.1 Introductory Remarks.- 6.2. Paleolatitudinal Constraint on Crustal Deformation.- 6.3. Types of Oil and Gas Basins, Their Genesis and Distribution.- 6.4 Paleolatitudinal Distribution of Mineral Deposits.- 6.4.1 Coal.- 6.4.2 Salt.- 6.4.3 Oil and Gas.- 6.4.4 Ore Deposits.- 6.5 Association of Transgressions with Certain Paleolatitudes.- 6.6 Paleomagnetic-Tectonic Criteria in Outlining Oil and Gas Fields.- 7 Certain Problems of Paleomagnetism.- 7.1 Synchronous and Metachronous Components of the Ancient Magnetization: The Problem of Late Paleozoic Remagnetization.- 7.2 Hypothesis of the Earth's Expansion.- 7.3 Paleomagnetism of the Precambrian.- References.

巻冊次

: soft cover ISBN 9783642717529

内容説明

This book explores the basic principles and methods of paleomagnetology and gives a systematic description of paleomagnetic phenomena such as geomagnetic reversals, paleosecular variations, long-term intensity changes and apparent polar wandering paths. Special emphasis is laid on results obtained from research work done in the Soviet Union. Together with data from other parts of the world they allow the critical discussion of aspects of magnetostratigraphy, plate tectonics and accretion tectonics. In diesem Buch werden grundlegende Fragen der Palaomagnetologie und des Palaomagnetismus abgehandelt. Durch die Einbeziehung zahlreicher Daten aus der Sowjetunion werden Probleme der Magnetostratigraphie sowie der Platten- und Akkretionstektonik kritisch beleuchtet.

目次

• 1 Physical and Geophysical Aspects of Paleomagnetology.- 1.1 Magnetic Values and Magnetic Units.- 1.2 Principal Properties of the Geomagnetic Field.- 1.2.1 Elements of the Earth's Magnetism.- 1.2.2 Origin of the Geomagnetic Field.- 1.2.3 Principle of the Central Axial Dipole and the Paleomagnetic Field.- 1.2.4 Models of the Geomagnetic Field.- 1.3 General Data on Rock Magnetism.- 1.3.1 Principal Magnetic Properties of Materials.- 1.3.2 Magnetic Properties of Rocks.- 1.3.3 Assemblage of Single-Domain, Noninteracting Particles.- 1.3.4 Magnetic Viscosity.- 1.4 Types of Remanent Magnetization of Rocks.- 1.4.1 Remanent, Induced and Viscous Magnetizations.- 1.4.2 Thermoremanent Magnetization.- 1.4.3 Detrital Remanent Magnetization.- 1.4.4 Chemical Remanent Magnetization.- 1.4.5 Pressure Effects Upon Remanent Magnetization.- 1.4.6 Isothermal and Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetizations.- 1.4.7 Stability of Remanent Magnetization.- 1.4.8 Spectra of Demagnetization and the Principles of Magnetic Cleaning.- 1.5 Ferromagnetic Properties of Rocks.- 1.5.1 Mineral-Carriers of the Ferromagnetic Properties of Rocks.- 1.5.2 Certain Magnetic Characteristics of Rocks.- 1.5.3 Natural Remanent Magnetization Jn of Rocks.- 1.5.4 Physical and Chronologic Components of the NRM
• Paleomagnetic Stability of Rocks.- 1.5.5 Problem of Acquisition of Reversed Magnetization in a Rock.- 1.6 Distribution of Directions of Natural Remanent Magnetization in Rocks.- 1.6.1 Initial Paleomagnetic Data and the Drawing of Magnetic Directions.- 1.6.2 Fisher's Distribution.- 1.6.3 Observed Distributions of Magnetization Jn in Rocks.- 2 Methods and Techniques Used in Paleomagnetic Studies.- 2.1 Principles of the Investigation of Geologic Bodies
• Collection of Oriented Samples.- 2.1.1 Objects of Paleomagnetic Studies.- 2.1.2 Techniques Used in the Study of Geological Bodies.- 2.1.3 Orientation of Samples and Specimen Preparation.- 2.2 Magnetic Measurements.- 2.2.1 Equipment Used in Magnetic Measurements.- 2.2.2 Astatic Magnetometers.- 2.2.3 Spinner Magnetometer.- 2.2.4 Fluxgate Magnetometer.- 2.3 Field Methods Used in the Determination of Ancient Magnetization.- 2.3.1 Evaluation of the Paleomagnetic Stability of Rocks.- 2.3.2 Determination of the Degree of Paleomagnetic Stability.- 2.3.3 Determination of the Direction of Ancient Magnetization.- 2.3.4 Field Methods Used in the Estimation of the Synchroneity of Ancient Magnetization.- 2.4 Magnetic Stability Tests and Magnetic Cleaning.- 2.4.1 General.- 2.4.2 Temporal Cleaning and the Compensation Method.- 2.4.3 Alternating Magnetic Field Cleaning.- 2.4.4 Thermal Cleaning.- 2.4.5 Chemical Cleaning.- 2.4.6 Low-Temperature Cleaning.- 2.4.7 Combined Cleanings.- 2.4.8 Methods for the Presentation of Magnetic Cleaning Data and Their Interpretation.- 2.5 Analysis of the Origin of Ancient Magnetizations.- 2.6 Statistical Analysis of the Paleomagnetic Directions and Poles.- 2.6.1 The Best Estimates of Mean Direction and Precision Parameters.- 2.6.2 Estimates of the Accuracy of the Determination for Unit and Mean Directions of NRM.- 2.6.3 Choice of the Set of the NRM Directions.- 2.6.4 Fit of the Observed NRM to Fisher's Distribution.- 2.6.5 Two-Tier Statistical Analysis.- 2.6.6 Virtual Geomagnetic and Paleomagnetic Pole Distributions and Their Confidence Ovals.- 2.7 Methods Used in the Determination of the Geomagnetic Field Intensity in the Geological Past.- 2.7.1 The Basic Principles of the Ancient Geomagnetic.- Field Intensity Determination.- 2.7.2 Estimation of the Ancient Field Ha by the Redeposition Method.- 2.7.3 Method of Magnetic Anisotropic Parameters.- 2.7.4 Thellier's Method.- 2.7.5 Method of Anhysteretic Magnetization.- 2.7.6 Method of Stepwise Remagnetization.- 2.7.7 Estimation of the Ancient Field Intensity Ha by Q0 the Factor.- 3 The Geomagnetic Field in the Phanerozoic and the Magnetostratigraphic Scale.- 3.1 Geomagnetic Reversals and Geomagnetic Polarity Scales.- 3.1.1 Evidence of Geomagnetic Reversals.- 3.1.2 Types of Geomagnetic Polarity Scales.- 3.1.3 Dating of Polarity Epochs on Lava Flows
• the Magnetochronologic Scale.- 3.1.4 Zones of Geomagnetic Polarity in Bottom Sediments of the World Ocean.- 3.1.5 Scale of Marine Magnetic Anomalies.- 3.1.6 Construction of a Magnetostratigraphic Polarity Scale: Principles and Problems.- 3.2 The Phanerozoic Magnetostratigraphic Scale.- 3.2.1 Structure of the Magnetostratigraphic Scale for the USSR.- 3.2.2 Paleozoic.- 3.2.3 Mesozoic.- 3.2.4 Cenozoic.- 3.2.5 Correlation of the Phanerozoic Paleomagnetic Scale for the USSR and the World Paleomagnetic Data.- 3.3.6 Comparison of the Mesozoic Paleomagnetic Scale of the USSR and the Scale of Marine Magnetic Anomalies.- 3.3 Mechanisms of Geomagnetic Reversals and Their Morphology.- 3.3.1 Possible Mechanisms of Geomagnetic Reversals.- 3.3.2 Morphology of Geomagnetic Reversals.- 3.3.3 Morphology of the Early Paleozoic Reversals.- 3.3.4 Reversals at the Paleozoic-Mesozoic Boundary.- 3.3.5 Reversals in the Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic.- 3.3.6 Morphology of Geomagnetic Reversals: Conclusions.- 3.4 Time Structure of the Geomagnetic Field Between the Reversals.- 3.4.1 Events and Excursion of the Geomagnetic Field.- 3.4.2 Paleosecular Variations of the Geomagnetic Field.- 3.5 Regularities in the Spatial Distribution of the Paleomagnetic Field.- 3.5.1 Paleomagnetic Field
• Procedures of Isolation and Analysis.- 3.5.2 Paleomagnetic Field During the Carboniferous and Permian and the Model of the Central Axial Dipole.- 3.5.3 Asymmetric (Anomalous) and Axially Symmetric Nondipole Fields.- 3.5.4 Model of Noncentral Axial Dipole and Its Testing.- 3.5.5 Spherical Harmonic Analysis of Paleomagnetic Data.- 3.6 The Intensity of the Geomagnetic Field in the Phanerozoic.- 4 Paleomagnetism and Plate Tectonics.- 4.1 Paleomagnetic Studies of Plate Movements and Fold Belt Tectonics.- 4.1.1 Application of Paleomagnetic Methods inTectonics.- 4.1.2 Principles of Paleomagnetic Methods in Solving Tectonic Tasks.- 4.1.3 Principles of Analysis and Selection of Paleomagnetic Data.- 4.2 Apparent Polar Wander Path for Major Plates
• Formation and Break-Up of Supercontinents.- 4.2.1 Paleomagnetic Poles and Their Wandering.- 4.2.2 Apparent Polar Wander Paths for Major Plates.- 4.2.3 Reconstruction of the Relative Positions of Two Continents.- 4.2.4 Formation and Break-Up of Supercontinents.- 4.3 Paleomagnetic Poles and Movements of the Russian and Siberian Platforms in the Paleozoic.- 4.3.1 Apparent Polar Wander Paths of the Russian and Siberian Platforms.- 4.3.2 Paleozoic Drift of the Siberian and Russian Platforms.- 4.4 Paleomagnetic Poles and Plate Kinematics.- 4.4.1 Reconstruction of Plate Positions.- 4.4.2 Determination of Kinematic Parameters of Plate Movement.- 4.4.3 Paleomagnetism of Seamounts and Movement of Oceanic Plates.- 4.5 Global Reconstructions for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Epochs.- 4.5.1 Global Reconstructions for the Mesozoic and Paleogene.- 4.5.2 Global Reconstructions for the Middle and Late Paleozoic.- 4.5.3 Examples of Global Reconstructions for the Late Proterozoic and Early Paleozoic.- 4.5.4 History of Horizontal Motions of the Major Lithospheric Plates in the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic: Conclusions.- 5 Paleomagnetism and Tectogenetie Problems.- 5.1 Paleomagnetism in Fold Belts.- 5.1.1 Components of Tectonic Movements and Their Paleomagnetic Studies.- 5.1.2 The Determination of Local Movements and Correction for Their Effects
• General Solution.- 5.1.3 The Determination of Local Movements and Correction for Their Effects
• A Special Case.- 5.1.4 Regional and Local Components of Tectonic Movements.- 5.2 Palinspastic Reconstructions According to Paleomagnetic Data.- 5.2.1 Local Tectonic Movements in the Tajik Depression and in Southern Tien Shan.- 5.2.2 Construction of the Palinspastic Scheme of the Tajik Depression in the Early Cretaceous.- 5.2.3 Reconstruction of the Paleogene Sedimentary Basin of the Tajik Depression.- 5.2.4 Palinspastic Scheme for Central Asia During the Early Permian Epoch.- 5.3 Deformations in Certain Fold Belts of Eurasia According to Paleomagnetic Data.- 5.3.1 On the Nature of Tectonic Deformations in the Alpine-Himalayan Fold Belt.- 5.3.2 Deformations in the Urals Belt.- 5.3.3 Deformations in the Areas Surrounding the Siberian Platform.- 5.4 Tectogenesis and Rhythmicity of Geomagnetic Reversals.- 5.5 A General Hypothesis of Tectogenesis.- 5.5.1 Hypothesis of Planetary Equilibrium.- 5.5.2 Drift of the Lithospheric Plates and the Coriolis Force.- 6 Paleomagnetology and Mineral Deposits.- 6.1 Introductory Remarks.- 6.2. Paleolatitudinal Constraint on Crustal Deformation.- 6.3. Types of Oil and Gas Basins, Their Genesis and Distribution.- 6.4 Paleolatitudinal Distribution of Mineral Deposits.- 6.4.1 Coal.- 6.4.2 Salt.- 6.4.3 Oil and Gas.- 6.4.4 Ore Deposits.- 6.5 Association of Transgressions with Certain Paleolatitudes.- 6.6 Paleomagnetic-Tectonic Criteria in Outlining Oil and Gas Fields.- 7 Certain Problems of Paleomagnetism.- 7.1 Synchronous and Metachronous Components of the Ancient Magnetization: The Problem of Late Paleozoic Remagnetization.- 7.2 Hypothesis of the Earth's Expansion.- 7.3 Paleomagnetism of the Precambrian.- References.

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詳細情報

• NII書誌ID(NCID): BA01424196
• ISBN:
  • 0387173609
  • 3540173609
  • 9783642717529
• LCCN: 87009810
• 出版国コード: gw
• タイトル言語コード: eng
• 本文言語コード: eng
• 原本言語コード: rus
• 出版地: Berlin ; Tokyo
• ページ数/冊数: xix, 308 p
• 大きさ: 25 cm
• 分類:
  • LCC : QE501.4.P35
  • DC19 : 538/.7
• 件名:
  • LCSH : Paleomagnetism