Characterization, treatment, and use of sewage sludge : proceedings of the second European symposium, held in Vienna, October 21-23, 1980
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Characterization, treatment, and use of sewage sludge : proceedings of the second European symposium, held in Vienna, October 21-23, 1980
D. Reidel , Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Boston, c1981
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At head of title: Commission of the European Communities
Organized jointly by the Commission of the European Communities, Brussels and the Bundesministerium für Gesundheit und Umweltschutz, Wien
English, French and German; summaries in English
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The object of sludge characterization must be to get quantitative mea- sures for sludge behaviour in treatment processes and when disposed of. Thus the incentive for characterization could be one of the following: 1. Because sludges exist in large quantities we want to know the amounts and the expenees involved in their treatment and disposal. 2. Because sludges are environmental nuicances/hazards, energy sourc:-es, fertilizers or even food sources; we want to know their potential. 3. Because the processes change the sludge propert~es, we w~nt to know their "treatability". 4. 5ecause sludges have a history, we want to know how the generation process affects the quantities and the properties of raw sludge. Parallel to the characterization of the sludges runs characterization of the sludge treatment-processes and the environment in which we dispose of the sludge. In the following discussion we will group parameters related to sludges into three cathegories: 1. Sludge Quantity. Both total ~nd per capita sludge production data from all connnon sewage and sludge treatment methods are of "interest. 2. Treatability parameters.
These are characteristics of how a sludge behaves in a specific process. Typically; dewaterability and digesta- bility. 3. Sludge quality parameters. These are indicators of how the sludge could influence the environment when disposed of. Sludge quality changes through most sludge treatment processes (stabilization, ther- mal etc.) and include concentrations of chemical compounds, pathogenes etc.
目次
Regulatory Aspects of Sewage Sludge Disposal on Agricultural Land.- La politique de l'environnement des Communautes europeennes et la valorisation des dechets en agriculture.- Session I - Sludge Processing.- Introductory remarks.- I.1 - Sludge production and characterization.- Characterization of sewage sludges.- Sludge production in the Netherlands.- Standardized sludge parameters and methods for their determination.- Differential thermal analysis for the characterization of the stability of sludge.- I.2 - Sludge dewatering.- Dewatering of municipal sludges.- Dewatering of activated sludge.- Die Bedeutung von Kennwerten zur Charakterisierung der maschinellen Fest-Flussig-Trennung von Klarschlamm.- Influence of precipitation on the behaviour of sludge in the case of dewatering.- An application of natural sludge dewatering at small sewage treatment plants in Finland.- Klarschlammbehandlung in Oesterreich.- I.3 - Sludge stabilisation.- A brief review of methods for stabilising sewage sludges.- Behandlung von Klarschlamm mit Branntkalk - Voraussetzungen und Absatzmoeglichkeiten.- Prefabricated systems for low-cost anaerobic digestion.- I. 4 - Economic aspects of sludge processing.- Etude de comparaison technico-economique des filieres de traitement et elimination des boues residuaires urbaines.- Experiences in large scale treatment and utilisation of sewage sludge.- Sludge generation, handling and disposal at phosphorus control facilities in Ontario.- Computer control of sludge fermentation: process monitoring and data treatment.- Session II - Chemical Pollution of Sludge.- Introductory remarks.- Schwermetalle in Klarschlamm und Mullkompost.- Mobility of heavy metals in sludge amended soil - An interlaboratory comparison.- PCB dans les boues de quelques stations d'epuration de Suisse.- Schadstoffe im Klarschlamm aus oesterreichischer Sicht.- Bilan de metaux lourds dans le bassin versant d'une station d'epuration.- Methode de dosage des metaux lourds dans les boues, repartition selon leur origine et dans le temps.- Caracterisation de la fraction organique et de la fraction minerale cristalline des boues d'epuration.- Session III - Biological Pollution of Sludge.- Introductory remarks.- Seuchenhygienische Probleme bei der Entsorgung von Klarschlamm in Oesterreich.- The control of salmonellosis in the use of sewage sludge on agricultural land.- Parasitological problems associated with land application of sewage sludge.- Monitoring sewage sludge sanitation by bacterial indicators.- Detection des virus dans les boues.- The problems of assessing possible hazards to the public health associated with the disposal of sewage sludge to land: recent experience in the United Kingdom.- Aspect sanitaire des epandages de boue residuaire: cinetique de regression sur terrains agricoles de quelques germes tests.- Enterovirus inactivation in experimentally seeded sludge and soil samples.- Salmonellen im Klarschlamm.- Survival of salmonellas and ascaris eggs during sludge utilization in forestry.- Hygienic effects of sludge pasteurization prior to anaerobic digestion (pre-pasteurization).- Die Pasteurisation von Frischschlamm.- Comportement des spores de clostridium sulfito-reducteurs apportees au sol lors des epandages de boues.- Les clostridium et l'hygienisation des boues de stations d'epuration par les rayons Gamma.- Session IV - Valorization of Sludges.- Introductory remarks.- IV.1 - Nitrogen value of sludge.- Valeur fertilisante azotee des boues residuaires.- Evolution dans le sol des differentes formes d'azote presentes dans les boues.- Comparative studies of nitrogen mineralization in forest soils fertilized with fluid and dewatered sewage sludge.- Effect of composted sewage sludge on mineralization of organic carbon, ammonification and nitrification in soil.- Eigenschaften und Nutzwert eines durch Schnellkompostierung erzeugten trockenen Klarschlammdungers.- Lysimetric research of sewage sludge application of soil Note 1 - Nitrogen balance.- IV.2 - Phosphorus value of sludge.- Phosphatverfugbarkeit von Klarschlammen aus der dritten Reinigungsstufe.- Premieres donnees sur la valeur agricole des boues residuaires d'une usine de traitement physico-chimiques d'eaux usees.- IV.3 - Organic value of sludge.- Relationship between organic matter of sewage sludge and physico- chemical properties of soil.- Porosity and pore size distribution in a field test following sludge and compost application.- Biological activities in a soil-plant system after treatment with different amounts of digested sludge - Pot experiments.- Ein Feldversuch zur Prufung der Stroh-Klarschlammdungung unter den Produktionsbedingungen des oesterreichischen Marchfeldes.- The use of sludge in horticulture and agriculture.- IV.4 - Practical problems related to the agricultural use of sludge.- Die landwirtschaftliche Verwertung von Klarschlamm in Oesterreich.- Landwirtschaftliche Klarschlammverwertung am Beispiel des Abwasserverbandes Wulkatal im Burgenland.- Valorisation agricole des dechets dans le Departement de Vaucluse.- Research and quality aspects of sludge - Utilisation pratices in the Thames Water Authority.- Herstellung von Klarschlamm-Schwarztorf-Granulaten und Prufung ihrer Eigenschaften als Dungemittel.- Session V - Environmental Effects of Sludge.- Introductory remarks.- Klarschlammauswirkungen auf die Umwelt: Ein Ueberblick uber einschlagige Forschungsarbeiten in Oesterreich.- Prediction of cadmium concentrations in Danish soils.- Easily extractable Cd-content of a soil - Its extraction, its relationship with the growth and root characteristics of test plants, and its effect on some of the soil microbiological parameters.- Modellversuche zur Cadmiumwirkung in Boeden und Pflanzen nach Klarschlammdungung.- Effects of sewage sludge on the heavy metal content of soils and crops: field trials at Cassington and Royston.- Stabilite biologique d'acides humiques associes a du cadmium.- Schwermetallaufnahme verschiedener Getreidearten aus hochbelasteten Boeden unter Feldbedingungen.- Effets de l'application massive de boue a tres forte charge en cadmium et en nickel sur des cultures de mais et de laitue.- Heavy metals extractability from soil treated with high rates of sewage sludges and composts.- Zum Ruckgang der Schwermetallbelastung von Boeden nach der Beendigung einer stadtischen Abwasserverrieselung.- Test biologique pour la surveillance de l'absorption et du transfert, dans les vegetaux, de metaux lourds contenus dans les boues.- Conclusions of the Symposium.- Sludge processing.- Chemical pollution of sludges.- Biological pollution of sludge.- Valorisation agricole des boues.- Environmental effects of sludge.- List of Participants.- Index of Authors.
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