Biopolymers
著者
書誌事項
Biopolymers
（Molecular biology : an international series of monographs and textbooks）
Academic Press, 1973
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and indexes
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Biopolymers deals with the methods of physical characterization and the principles underlying them, with emphasis on quantitative aspects of sequence, conformation, and structure in both laboratory-synthesized and native biopolymers. The book reviews structural units of biopolymers and describes characterization of biopolymers, the available techniques, the evaluation of underlying principles, and experimental applications. Some of these methods include Raman spectroscopy, theoretical conformation analysis, electron microscopy, and morphology of laboratory-synthesized polymers. The text explains the factors controlling conformation of polypeptides, the steric maps of dipeptides, potential energy maps, and the calculation of tertiary polypeptide structure. The investigator can use X-ray diffraction to determine the structure of polymers and macromolecules, such as diffraction by a crystal, by poorly crystalline polymer systems, or by a helical chain. The book notes that materials that can be crystallized from strong solvents reveal morphology similar to that of commercial polymers, which are different from that of polypeptides or proteins in native tissue. The text explains the basis of infrared and Raman spectroscopy in probing molecular structure and conformation of biological macromolecules. The investigator can also employ nuclear magnetic resonance and dielectric relaxation for conformation in physical organic chemistry, outside of biological macromolecule applications. The book can prove helpful for researchers in ultra-trace analysis, polymer research, and analytical chemistry.
目次
Preface1. Structural Units of Biopolymers Introduction Amino Acids Sugars Nucleotides References2. Conformation Introduction The Peptide Bond Factors Controlling Conformation of Polypeptides Characteristics of Helices Steric Maps of Dipeptides Interatomic Interaction Potentials Potential Energy Maps Calculation of Tertiary Polypeptide Structure and Summary of Polypeptide Conformation Conformational Analysis for Other Biopolymers References Appendix3. Structure Determination by X-Ray Diffraction Introduction Diffraction of X Rays by a Crystal. The Reciprocal Lattice Symmetry of Chain Molecules Structure Determination Diffraction by Poorly Crystalline Polymer Systems Diffraction by a Helical Chain Identification of the Chain Conformation Single Crystals of Globular Proteins References4. Tertiary Structure and Morphology of Synthetic Biopolymers Introduction Types of Molecular Arrangement The Calculation of Crystal Structures Observation of Morphology of Synthetic Biopolymers Discussion of Morphology Morphology of Synthetic Polysaccharides and Polynucleotides Summary Appendix: Electron Diffraction References5. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy Introduction Spectroscopy of Polypeptides Spectroscopy of Polynucleotides Polysaccharides References6. Electronic Spectroscopy Introduction The Chromophores The Peptide Bond Nucleotides Line Broadening Oligomers Ultraviolet Absorption by Biopolymers Optical Rotation Optical Rotatory Dispersion Circular Dichroism Nucleosides and Nucleotides Optical Properties of Polysaccharides Conformational Transitions of Polysaccharides Spectra of Complexes References7. Physical Properties of Biopolymers in Dilute Solutions Symbols Introduction Determination of Particle Size and Shape Osmometry Light Scattering Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering by Solutions of Macromolecules Viscometry Sedimentation Flow Birefringence Characterization of Conformation, Structure, and Conformational Transitions in Solution Appendix: Statistical Ways of Averaging a Distribution of Molecular Weights References8. Electrical and Magnetic Field Effects Introduction Proton Magnetic Resonance The Chemical Shift Spin Coupling Linewidth The Charge Distribution and Chemical Shifts of Amino Acids Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Peptide Oligomers Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Polypeptides Coupling Constants and Conformational Analysis Application of nmr Spectroscopy to Native Proteins Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Polynucleotides Dielectric Dispersion by Biopolymers Dielectric Properties of Biopolymer Solutions Dielectric Dispersion and Rotatory Diffusion Coefficient Experimental Information References9. Conformation of Polypeptides Homobiopolymers in the Solid State Homobiopolymers in Solution Conformation in Mixed Solvents Temperature-Induced Transitions Copolymers Sequential Polypeptides References10. Fibrous Proteins and Biopolymer Models Introduction Silk Proteins Collagen Elastin Resilin The Keratins The Muscle Proteins Summary of Fibrous Proteins References11. The Polysaccharides Introduction Polysaccharide Structures Cellulose Chitin Xylans Mannans Amylose Alginic Acids A-B-Polysaccharides Carrageenans Hyaluronic Acid References12. Nucleic Acids and Polynucleotides Introduction Double-Helical Conformation Solid-State Structure Solution Properties Transfer RNA Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code References13. Globular Proteins X-Ray Diffraction Prediction of Chain Conformation for Globular Proteins Myoglobin Hemoglobin Lysozyme Ribonuclease Chymotrypsin Papain Carboxypeptidase A Other Techniques for Determining the Conformation of Globular Protein ReferencesAuthor IndexSubject Index
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