The grazing land ecosystems of the African Sahel
著者
書誌事項
The grazing land ecosystems of the African Sahel
（Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, v. 75）
Springer-Verlag, c1989
- : gw
- : us
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注記
Bibliography: p. 241-267
includes indexes
内容説明・目次
内容説明
7. 2 The Pilot Zone of the FerIo ...157 7. 2. 1 Geographical Zoning and Administrative Setup...157 7. 2. 2 Climate ...158 7. 2. 3 The Substratum...161 7. 2. 4 Surface Water...166 7. 2. 5 Vegetation and Rangelands ...166 7. 2. 6 Wildlife...168 7. 2. 7 Livestock...168 7. 2. 8 Evolution of Land Use and History of Development ...170 7. 3 Monitoring ...181 7. 3. 1 Principles, Problems and Methods ...181 7. 3. 2 Evaluation of Green Herbaceous Biomass by Orbital Remote Sensing ...188 7. 3. 3 Evaluation of Range Production from Ground Sampling ...207 7. 3. 4 Low Altitude Systematic Reconnaissance Flights (SRF) ...211 7. 3. 5 Practical Results ...215 7. 4 Conclusions on Monitoring ...233 8 General Conclusions: Towards an Ecological Management of the Sahelian Ecosystems ...237 References ...241 Subject Index ...269 of Scientific Names...275 ...Index Animals ...275 Plants ...277 VII Abbreviations and Acronyms AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer CILSS Comite Inter-Etats de Lutte contre la Secheresse au Sahel CIPEA Centre International pour l'Elevage en Afrique CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CP Crude Protein (N x 6.
目次
- 1 Definition, Geographical Limits, Contacts with Other Ecoclimatic Zones.- 2 Environmental Characteristics.- 2.1 Climatic Factors.- 2.1.1 General.- 2.1.2 Rainfall.- 2.1.3 Temperature.- 2.1.4 Solar Radiation.- 2.1.5 Wind.- 2.1.6 Air Humidity and Saturation Deficit.- 2.1.7 Evaporation and Evapotranspiration.- 2.1.8 Seasons.- 2.2 Edaphic Factors.- 2.2.1 Geology.- 2.2.2 Geomorphology.- 2.2.3 Topography.- 2.2.4 Hydrology.- 2.2.5 Soils.- 2.2.6 Runoff, Erosion.- 2.3 Anthropozoic Factors: Man and Land Use.- 2.4 Ecoclimatic Classification.- 3 Flora and Vegetation.- 3.1 Flora.- 3.2 Vegetation.- 3.2.1 Physiognomy and Structure.- 3.2.2 Plant Communities.- 3.2.3 Seasonal Aspects, Short-Term Dynamics.- 3.2.4 Biological Recovery After Drought.- 3.2.5 Long Term Dynamics: The Role of Wildfires.- 3.2.6 Inventory and Mapping.- 3.2.7 Primary Production.- 3.2.8 The Screen Function, Energy Flow Conversion, Photosynthetic Efficiency.- 3.2.9 Water and Rain-Use Efficiencies.- 3.2.10 Grazing Value.- 4 Wildlife.- 4.1 General.- 4.2 Invertebrates.- 4.2.1 Non-Social Arthropods.- 4.2.2 Social Arthropods.- 4.3 Vertebrates.- 4.3.1 Herpetofauna.- 4.3.2 Birds.- 4.3.3 Mammals.- 4.3.4 Rodents.- 4.3.5 Consumption of Seeds by Granivores.- 4.3.6 Large Mammals.- 4.4 Conclusions.- 5 Livestock.- 5.1 General.- 5.2 Livestock Numbers, Evolution of Numbers, Densities, Stocking Rates.- 5.3 Breeds.- 5.4 Herd and Flock Structure and Demography.- 5.5 Average Production Parameters.- 5.6 Productivity.- 5.6.1 Transport.- 5.6.2 Draught.- 5.6.3 Hides, Skins, Wood, Hair.- 5.6.4 Dung and Manure.- 5.6.5 Meat.- 5.6.6 Milk.- 5.7 Disease, Parasitism, Predation, Theft.- 5.8 Production Systems and Herd Management.- 5.8.1 The Sedentary Agropastoral Systems of Central Mali.- 5.8.2 The Short-Range Transhuman Agropastoral Systems.- 5.8.3 Long-Range Pastoral Systems.- 5.8.4 Agro-Sylvo-Pastoral Systems.- 5.9 Nutrition, Plant-Animal Relationships, Grazing Patterns, Grazing and Herding Management, Stock Behaviour, Stocking Rates and Carrying Capacities.- 6 Development Outlook
- Constraints and Limits.- 6.1 Range Improvement and Development.- 6.1.1 Range Seeding.- 6.1.2 Range Management.- 6.2 Development Outlook.- 6.2.1 Range Development.- 6.2.2 Development of Livestock Production.- 6.2.3 Agropastoralism.- 6.2.4 Agroforestry.- 6.2.5 Livestock Health and Water Development.- 7 Monitoring: A Case Study, the Ferlo Region of Northern Senegal.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 The Pilot Zone of the Ferlo.- 7.2.1 Geographical Zoning and Administrative Setup.- 7.2.2 Climate.- 7.2.3 The Substratum.- 7.2.4 Surface Water.- 7.2.5 Vegetation and Rangelands.- 7.2.6 Wildlife.- 7.2.7 Livestock.- 7.2.8 Evolution of Land Use and History of Development.- 7.3 Monitoring.- 7.3.1 Principles, Problems and Methods.- 7.3.2 Evaluation of Green Herbaceous Biomass by Orbital Remote Sensing.- 7.3.3 Evaluation of Range Production from Ground Sampling.- 7.3.4 Low Altitude Systematic Reconnaissance Flights (SRF).- 7.3.5 Practical Results.- 7.4 Conclusions on Monitoring.- 8 General Conclusions: Towards an Ecological Management of the Sahelian Ecosystems.- References.- Index of Scientific Names.- Animals.- Plants.
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