Spermatology : atlas and manual
著者
書誌事項
Spermatology : atlas and manual
Springer-Verlag, c1990
- : U.S.
- : G.W.
- タイトル別名
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Praxis der Spermatologie
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注記
Translation of: Praxis der Spermatologie
Bibliography: p. 150-157
Includes index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The analysis of ejaculate, known as the spermiogram, is the crucial investigative technique in the andrological check-up for childlessness. Althoug other impor- tant factors such as medical history, physical examination, hormone analysis and tests, biochemical, microbiological, immunological, and genetic tests, and histological and histochemical investigations must all be considered before a final assessment can be made of male fertility, the spermiogram is the guiding factor in estimating the prospects of fertility. Furthermore, the improvement in insemination techniques in recent years and the development of in vitro fertilization have enhanced the importance of the accurate analysis of sperm morphology and function. In view of the multiplicity of andrological investigative techniques listed above, urologists, gynecologists, physicians specializing in endocrinology and immunology, general practitioners, pathologists, and dermatologists are routin- ely involved in semen analysis today. We hope in this book to address people working in all these different medical specialities.
Having regard for the requirements of daily practice, we will intentionally restrict ourselves to the spermiogram, which we hope to present step by step by means of a large number of illustrations. A substantial part of the book is devoted to the morphological assessment of normal and pathological forms of spermatozoa and other cellular elements, in the form of generously illustrat- ed atlas. Dr. Rovan has given us outstanding assistance in preparing the majori- ty of photomicrographs.
目次
1 Andrological Terminology.- 2 Ejaculate Analysis (Spermiograms).- 2.1 The Ejaculate: Composition and Transport.- 2.2 Ejaculate Collection and Sexual Abstinence.- 2.3 Collecting the Ejaculate.- 2.4 Transport to the Laboratory for Analysis.- 2.5 Spht Ejaculates.- 2.6 Macroscopic Examination of Ejaculates.- 2.6.1 Color.- 2.6.2 Odor.- 2.6.3 Viscosity.- 2.6.4 Liquefaction.- 2.6.5 Volume.- 2.6.6 pH.- 2.7 Microscopic Examination of Ejaculates.- 2.7.1 Spermatozoal Motihty.- 2.7.1.1 Determining Motility by the Estimation Method.- 2.7.1.2 Objective Methods of Determining Motihty.- 2.7.1.2.1 Multiple-Exposure Photography (MEP) in a Makler Chamber.- 2.7.1.2.2 Laser-Doppler Spectroscopy (Lazymot).- 2.7.2 Number and Density of Spermatozoa.- 2.7.2.1 Determining Spermatozoal Density in Hemocytometers...- 2.7.2.1.1 Neubauer Counting Chamber.- 2.7.2.1.2 Thoma-ZeiB Counting Chamber.- 2.7.2.2 Determining Spermatozoal Density in a Makler Chamber...- 2.7.2.3 Determining Spermatozoal Density Using Electronic Counters.- 2.7.2.4 Evaluation of Spermatozoal Density.- 2.7.3 Morphology.- 2.7.3.1 Staining.- 2.7.3.1.1 Papanicolaou's Stain.- 2.7.3.1.2 May-Griinwald-Giemsa Staining.- 2.7.3.1.3 Peroxidase Reaction.- 2.7.3.1.4 Rapid Differentiation Using Testsimplets.- 2.7.3.1.5 Staining Using Hemafix.- 2.7.3.2 Specific Morphology.- 2.7.3.2.1 Morphological Differentiation of Ejaculate Smears.- 2.7.3.2.2 Technique for the Morphological Differentiation of Ejaculate Smears.- A The Spermatozoa (Fig. 43 a-53 f).- A 1 The Hormonally Mature Spermatozoon (Fig. 43).- A 2 Immature Spermatozoa = Late Spermatid Stages (Fig. 44 a-e)..- A 3 Immature, Pathological Forms of Spermatozoa = Late Spermatid Stages (Fig. 45 a-g).- A 4 Pathological Forms of Spermatozoa with Abnormahties of the Head and Head/Neck Junction (= Bent Flagellum) (Fig. 46a-e).- A 5 Megalocephahc Spermatozoa with Amorphous Heads (Megalocephalic Abnormahty 1) (Fig. 47a-f).- A 6 Megalocephahc, Nonamorphous Forms of Spermatozoa (Megalocephalic Abnormality 2) (Fig. 48a-f).- A 7 Pseudomegalocephalic Forms of Spermatozoa (Megalocephalic Abnormality 3 = Pseudomegalocephaly) (Fig.49a-e).- A 8 Microcephalic Spermatozoa (Microcephahc Abnormality) (Fig. 50a-e).- A 9 Atypical Head Shapes (Fig. 51 a-k).- A 10 Abnormahties of the Nucleus and Acrosomal Malformations (Fig. 52a-d).- A 11 Spermatozoa with Deformities of the Tail (Flagellum) (Fig. 53a-0.- B Cells from the Germinal Epithelium of the Seminiferous Tubules.- B 1 Spermatogonia (Fig. 54 a, b).- B 2 Spermatocytes (Fig. 55 a-1).- B 3 Spermatids (Fig. 56 a-c).- B 4 Pathologically Altered Forms of Germinal Epithehal Cells (Fig. 57a-f).- B 5 Degenerating Giant Cell Forms with Advancing Expulsion of the Nucleus (Fig. 58 a-g).- C Leukocytes and Macrophages (Fig. 59 a-1).- D Phagocytosis of Spermatozoa by Macrophages (Spermatophagia) (Fig. 60a-0.- E Peroxidase Reaction of Peroxidase-Positive Polymorphocellular Leukocytes (Fig. 61 a-e).- F Various Types of Urinary Tract Cells (Fig. 62 a-g).- G Smear Staining Using Testsimplets (Fig. 63 a, b).- H Smear Staining Using Hemafix (Fig. 64).- I Scanning Electron Micrographs of Various Forms of Spermatozoa (Figs. 65-76).- 2.7.4 Vitality.- 2.7.5 MAR Test (Mixed Antiglobulin Reaction Test).- 2.7.5.1 Principle of the MAR Test.- 2.7.5.2 Performing the MAR Test.- 2.8 Fructose.- 2.8.1 Determining Fructose in Seminal Plasma.- 2.8.2 Procedure.- 3 Penetration and Fertilization Tests In Vivo and In Vitro (Wolf-Hartmut Weiske and Fred Maleika).- 3.1 "Dynamic" Parameters in the Spermiogram.- 3.1.1 Sperm Washing and Swim-up Method.- 3.2 Penetration Tests.- 3.2.1 The Postcoital Test (Sims-Huhner Test).- 3.2.1.1 Evaluating the Postcoital Test.- 3.2.2 The Slide Test (Kurzrock-Miller Test).- 3.2.2.1 Evaluating the Slide Test (Kurzrock-Miller Test).- 3.2.3 The Sperm-Cervical Mucus Contact Test (SCMC Test) of Kremer and Jager.- 3.2.3.1 Evaluating the SCMC Test.- 3.2.4 The Kremer Test.- 3.2.4.1 Evaluating the Kremer Test.- 3.2.5 The Bovine Mucus Penetration Test (BMP Test) (Penetrak Test).- 3.2.5.1 Performing the Penetrak Test.- 3.2.5.2 Evaluating the Penetrak Test.- 3.2.6 The Peritoneal Sperm Migration Test (PSM Test).- 3.3 Tests of Membrane Stability.- 3.3.1 The Hypoosmotic Swelling Test (HOS Test).- 3.3.2 Freezability of Spermatozoa.- 3.4 Hamster Oocyte Penetration Test (HOP Test = Heterologous Ovum Penetration Test).- 3.5 Human In Vitro Fertilization (IVF).- 4 The Steps in Ejaculate Analysis in Chronological Order.- 5 Conclusion.- References.
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