Foundation of exploration geophysics
著者
書誌事項
Foundation of exploration geophysics
（Methods in geochemistry and geophysics, 25）
Elsevier , Elsevier Science [distributor, U.S. & Canada], 1989
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注記
Includes index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Based on lectures given by the author at the State University of Utrecht to students of geophysics and geology, this book provides a comprehensive treatment of the geophysical methods in common use; seismic, gravity, magnetic, electrical and radioactive methods. Emphasis is placed on the physical aspects necessary to judge the possibilities and limitations of a method in a specific case. The more comprehensive treatment of applied mathematical techniques makes the text easier to follow for those readers with a different mathematical training. Discussions include the reduction of field data, their qualitative and quantitative interpretation and, briefly, field techniques and the principles of recording instruments. Some exploration methods, such as the telluric and magnetotelluric methods, are also detailed. In the chapter on data processing Fourier transforms, convolution, correlation, the effects of digitalization and Z-transforms as the counterpart of Laplace transforms, are explained and examples given of their application on seismic signals. This book should be in every geophysics library where it would serve advanced geophysics students as a reference work.
目次
PART I. SEISMIC METHODS. 1. Basic Theory. Introduction. Elastic deformations. The propagation of waves in an isotropic elastic solid medium. Reflection and refraction of plane seismic waves. Reflection and refraction of spherical seismic waves. Attenuation of harmonic waves in a solid medium. Applicability of ray theory. Principles of Fermat and Huygens and Snell's law. 2. Geometrical Seismology. The geometry of refraction shooting. The geometry of reflection shooting. 3. Processing of Seismic Data. Introduction. Mathematical methods of seismic data processing. Filters. Z-transforms. Digital filters. Generalized matched filters. Kalman filters. Concluding remarks. PART II. GRAVITY METHODS. 4. Basic Theory. Newton's law. The gravity field of the earth. The reduction of field data. 5. The Interpretations of Gravity Observations. Separation of local from regional anomalies. Projection of the gravity field to lower levels. Depth estimation. Quantitative interpretation of gravity anomalies. Determination of total excess mass and the center of mass. 6. Instruments and Field Techniques. Instruments. Field techniques. Surveys in water covered areas. PART III. MAGNETIC METHODS. 7. Basic Theory. Introduction. The resemblance and the difference of a magnetic from a gravity field. Units. 8. The Magnetic Field of the Earth. Time variations of the geomagnetic field. 9. Rock Magnetization. General. Diamagnetism. Paramagnetism. Ferromagnetism. Demagnetization. 10. Field Techniques. Land magnetometry. Aeromagnetometry. Marine magnetometry. 11. Interpretation of Field Data. Reduction of field data. Qualitative interpretation. Quantitative interpretation. 12. Instruments. The balances. The flux-gate magnetometer. The proton-free precession magnetometer. Optically pumped nuclear magnetometer. PART IV. ELECTRICAL METHODS. 13. Basic Theory. Introduction. Electrical properties of rock. Electrical current flow in a homogeneous earth. 14. Electrical Exploration Methods. Methods using natural fields. Methods using artificial fields. Airborne electromagnetic methods. PART V. RADIOACTIVE METHODS. 15. Radioactive Methods. Alpha radiation. Beta radiation. Gamma radiation. Instruments and field techniques. Index.
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