Charged gels and membranes
著者
書誌事項
Charged gels and membranes
（Charged and reactive polymers, v. 3-4）
D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1976
- pt. 1
- pt. 2
大学図書館所蔵 件 / 全9件
-
該当する所蔵館はありません
- すべての絞り込み条件を解除する
注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
-
pt. 1 ISBN 9789027706652
内容説明
The series on 'Charged and Reactive Polymers' was set forth in two volumes concern ing the fundamentals and applications of polyelectrolytes. A follow-up on 'Charged Gels and Membranes' would therefore seem appropriate, necessitating, however, some explanation for non-specialists. Theories of the most dilute gels originate in that of concentrated polyelectrolytes: the methods and problems are similar in structural, spectroscopic or thermodynamic properties. The borderline can be situated in dialysis conducted with a 'bag' imper meable to polyelectrolytes but not to small ions, solutes and water. One may recall Donnan's use of such a system to experiment and discover his famous law of unequal distribution of ions of different charge inside and out. Remark ably so, it is the difference in scale which characterizes the difference between poly electrolyte solutions and gels and membranes: the colloidal solution of macro molecules is heterogeneous only on the microscopic level, whereas the gel-solution system is a macroscopically heterogeneous one. A gel is formed when weak or strong cohesive forces counterbalance the dispersing ones (usually by crosslinking) without inhibiting the penetration of solvent and of small solutes into the polymeric network. The solvophile macromolecules cannot invade the total volume of liquid. As a result of phase-segregation excess solution and gel coexist and interact. The macroscopic swelling depends on gel cross-linking as well as on ionic concentration and type and ion-selectivities are observed.
目次
I. Opening Lectures.- The Early Developments of the Electrochemistry of Polymer Membranes.- The Development of the Modern Membrane Concepts and the Relations to Biological Phenomena.- II. Equilibria.- The Nature of the Selective Binding of Ions by Polyelectrolyte Gels: Volume and Entropy Change Criteria.- Swelling of Polyelectrolyte Gels and Thermodynamic Parameters of Solvation.- III. Irreversible Thermodynamics.- Some Uses for Membrane Transport Coefficients.- Interaction in Ion Exchangers. Ionic Interactions in a Polyelectrolyte Gel System with Counter-Ions of Different Valence Types and Varying Dielectric Constants.- Interpretation of Membrane Phenomena, using Irreversible Thermodynamics. Comparison of Observed Transport Properties with Those Predicted from a Salt Model Calculation.- Measurement of Fluxes and Forces at the Surface of Cation Exchange Membranes under Conditions of Controlled Polarization. I: Methodology.- Measurement of Fluxes and Forces at the Surface of Cation-Exchange Membranes under Conditions of Controlled Polarization. II: Application of Measurement — Use of Phenomenological Coefficients.- Transconformation Surface Reaction and Hydrodynamic Stability.- IV. Ultra- and Hyper-Filtration Membranes.- Fixed-Charge Ultrafiltration Membranes.- Osmosis and Ion Transport in Charged Porous Membranes: A Macroscopic, Mechanistic Model.- Membrane Potentials of Asymmetric Cellulose Acetate Membranes.- Polarization at Membrane-Solution Interfaces in Reverse Osmosis (Hyperfiltration).
- 巻冊次
-
pt. 2 ISBN 9789027706669
内容説明
The introduction to the first of these two volumes on Charged Gels and Membranes has recalled already that both were issued from the second Advanced Study Institute of Forges les Eaux, of which the co-directors were Professors G. E. Boyd and K. S. Spiegler. However, it seems necessary to add some further remarks for the eventual readers of this one volume only or for those of all four which now constitute the series. * One discovers that each volume is precisely linked to the next; and the total con tains a large number of the very fundamental steps by which macromolecular physical chemistry finds itself simultaneously at thefronNers of application and of biology. One often wonders how this is possible. Research has been the best means of unders~anding the microscopic elements oflife. Biomimetic phenomena or bioanalogue compounds in their turn have led to innumerable practical realisations. On one hand, the notion of 'vital force' receded and is disap pearing due to repetitive total and asymmetric synthesis* of always larger, and more complex, biological molecules. On the other hand discoveries of inter-relations in physical chemistry disengage the analogies between living and non-living systems: the interrelations between phenomena, between phenomena and structures or the appear ance of these structures under the influence of intermolecular forces or of gradients of more statistical forces.
目次
I. Spectroscopy.- Electronic Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Elucidation of Complex Species in Polyelectrolyte Gels.- The Influence of Cations on the Conformation of Biological Membranes and Macromolecules — Infrared Investigations.- II. Non Isothermal Transports.- Non-Isothermal Transport Phenomena in Charged Gels and Membranes.- The Effect of Temperature and Ouabain on the Membrane Properties of a Giant Algal Cell.- III. Charged Mosaic and Arrays.- Charged Membrane Arrays: Mosaics and Stacks.- IV. Carriers and Charges.- The Ion Selectivity of Carrier Molecules, Membranes and Enzymes.- Valinomycin-Induced Potassium Specificity in Charged Membranes.- Ion Exchange and Structural Properties of Alkali Ion Macromolecular Carriers in Liquid Membranes.- V. Oxidation — Reduction.- Synthesis, Electrochemistry and Application of some Oxidation-Reduction Polymers.- VI. Fluctuation, Oscillation, Excitation.- Field Fluctuation in Ionic Solutions and Membranes.- Non-Linear Transport and Oscillations in Fixed Charge Membranes: Some Possible Biological Implications.- Physico-Chemical Properties of the Nerve Membrane.
「Nielsen BookData」 より