High-pressure shock compression of solids

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High-pressure shock compression of solids

J.R. Asay, M. Shahinpoor, editors

（High-pressure shock compression of condensed matter）

Springer, c1993 - c1998

  • [1] : us
  • [1] : gw
  • 3

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v. 3 edited by Lee Davison, Mohsen Shahinpoor

Includes bibliographical references and indexes

Description and Table of Contents

Volume

[1] : us ISBN 9780387979649

Description

This book presents a set of basic understandings of the behavior and response of solids to propagating shock waves. The propagation of shock waves in a solid body is accompanied by large compressions, decompression, and shear. Thus, the shear strength of solids and any inelastic response due to shock wave propagation is of the utmost importance. Furthermore, shock compres sion of solids is always accompanied by heating, and the rise of local tempera ture which may be due to both compression and dissipation. For many solids, under a certain range of impact pressures, a two-wave structure arises such that the first wave, called the elastic prescursor, travels with the speed of sound; and the second wave, called a plastic shock wave, travels at a slower speed. Shock-wave loading of solids is normally accomplished by either projectile impact, such as produced by guns or by explosives. The shock heating and compression of solids covers a wide range of temperatures and densities. For example, the temperature may be as high as a few electron volts (1 eV = 11,500 K) for very strong shocks and the densification may be as high as four times the normal density.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction to High-Pressure Shock Compression of Solids.- 1.1. Shock-Compression Science.- 1.2. Shock-Compression Events.- 1.3. Responses of Shock-Compressed Solids.- 1.4. Reviews.- 1.5. References.- 2 Basic Principles of Shock Compression.- 2.1. Shock-Wave Concept.- 2.2. Conservation Equations.- 2.3. The "Beads on a Wire" Model.- 2.4. Thermodynamic Effects of Shock Compression and the Hugoniot Curve.- 2.5. Hugoniot Differential Equation.- 2.6. Graphical Representations and the Rayleigh Line.- 2.7. Shock Stability.- 2.8. Expansion Waves.- 2.9. x-t Diagrams.- 2.10. Eulerian and Lagrangian Coordinates.- 2.11. Flow Equations in One Dimension.- 2.12. P-u Diagrams.- 2.13. Surface-Surface Interactions.- 2.14. Wave-Surface Interactions.- 2.15. Wave-Wave Interactions.- 2.16. Entropic Effects.- 2.17. Riemann Integral.- 2.18. Summary.- 2.19. Acknowledgments.- 2.20. Problems.- 2.21. Glossary.- 2.22. References.- 3 Experimental and Diagnostic Techniques.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Experimental-Production of Planar Shock Compression.- 3.3. Explosives.- 3.4. Guns.- 3.5. Energy Deposition.- 3.6. Prompt Shock-Wave Diagnostics.- 3.7. Arrival-Time Gauges.- 3.8. Particle Velocity Gauges.- 3.9. Stress Gauges.- 3.10. Temperature Gauges.- 3.11. Delayed Shock-Wave Diagnostics.- 3.12. Optical Photography.- 3.13. Flash X-Ray Photography.- 3.14. Post-Mortem Examinations.- 3.15. Summary.- 3.16. Problems.- 3.17. References.- 4 Equation of State.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Shock-Wave Equations of State.- 4.3. Finite-Strain Equations of State.- 4.4. Pressure-Particle Velocity Curves.- 4.5. Shock-Induced Dynamic Yielding and Phase Transitions.- 4.6. Dynamic Yielding.- 4.7. Equation of State of Porous Materials.- 4.8. Sound Speed Behind Shock Fronts.- 4.9. Shock Temperatures.- 4.10. Acknowledgments.- 4.11. Problems.- 4.12. References.- 5 Inelastic Constitutive Relations.- List of Symbols.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Small Deformation Theory.- 5.3. Classical Plasticity.- 5.4. Large Deformation Theory.- 5.5. Acknowledgments.- 5.6. References.- 5.7. Appendix: Kinematics.- 6 Influence of Shock-Wave Deformation on the Structure/Property Behavior of Materials.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Influence of Shock-Wave Propagation on Materials.- 6.3. Shock-Recovery Techniques.- 6.4. Shock Parameter Effects on Material Response.- 6.5. Summary.- 6.6. References.- 7 Micromechanical Considerations in Shock Compression of Solids.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Microscale, Mesoscale, and Macroscale.- 7.3. Micromechanical Plasticity in Shock Compression.- 7.4. Shock-Amplitude/Pulse-Duration Hardening.- 7.5. Internal Stresses: Micromechanical Effects upon Release from the Shocked State.- 7.6. Heterogeneous Micromechanics.- 7.7. Other Micromechanics.- 7.8. Summary.- 7.9. Problems.- 7.10. References.- 7.11. Appendix: The Shock-Change Equation.- 8 Dynamic Fracture and Fragmentation.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Spall Strength of Condensed Matter.- 8.3. Fragment Size Predictions in Dynamic Fragmentation.- 8.4. Fragment Size Distributions in Dynamic Fragmentation.- 8.5. Continuum Modeling of Dynamic Fracture and Fragmentation.- 8.6. References.- 9 Large Deformation Wave Codes.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. Governing Equations.- 9.3. Spatial Meshes.- 9.4. Temporal Mesh.- 9.5. Discrete Forms of Governing Equations.- 9.6. Lagrangian Codes.- 9.7. Eulerian Codes.- 9.8. Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) Codes.- 9.9. Example Problems.- 9.10. Summary.- 9.11. References.- 10 Concluding Remarks.- Appendix A.- Appendix B.- Appendix C.- Author Index.
Volume

3 ISBN 9780387982922

Description

Developments in experimental methods are providing an increasingly detailed understanding of shock compression phenomena on the bulk, intermediate, and molecular scales. This third volume in a series of reviews of the curent state of knowledge covers several diverse areas. The first group of chapters addresses fundamental physical and chemical aspects of the response of condensed matter to shock comression: equations of state, molecular-dynamic analysis, deformation of materials, spectroscopic methods. Two further chapters focus on a particular group of materials: ceramics. Another chapter discusses shock-induced reaction of condensed-phase explosives. And a final pair of chapters considers shock phenomena at low stresses from the point of view of continuum mechanics.

Table of Contents

1 Equation of State at High Pressure.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. General Considerations.- 1.3. Some Results.- 1.4. Summary.- References.- 2 Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Shock Phenomena.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Model and Methods.- 2.3. Nonenergetic A2 Piston-Driven Simulations.- 2.4. Energetic Chemically-Sustained Shock Waves.- 2.5. Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 3 Mechanisms of Elastoplastic Response of Metals to Impact.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Dislocation Motion.- 3.3. Plastic Strain Rate.- 3.4. Comparison with Experiments.- 3.5. High-Amplitude Shock Loading.- 3.6. Elastic and Plastic Waves in Shocks.- 3.7. Electroplastic Effects.- 3.8. Impediments to Dislocation Motion and Crystal Failure.- 3.9. Energy Dissipation by Moving Dislocations.- 3.10. Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 4 Molecular Processes in a Shocked Explosive: Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Liquid Nitromethane.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Optical Spectroscopy Probes.- 4.3. Shock Response of Nitromethane and Sensitized Nitromethane.- 4.4. Summary and Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 5 Effects of Shock Compression on Ceramic Materials.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Shock Compression Studies on Some Selected Ceramic Materials.- 5.3. Yielding Mechanism and Correlation with Material Characterization.- 5.4. Effects of Shock Compression on Shock-Induced Phase Transition.- 5.5. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 6 Response of High-Strength Ceramics to Plane and Spherical Shock Waves.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Elements of Experimental Strategy.- 6.3. Uniaxial Deformation by a Plane Shock Wave.- 6.4. Triaxial Deformation by a Divergent Spherical Wave.- 6.5. Conclusions, Prospects, and Recommendations.- References.- 7 Initiation and Propagation of Detonation in Condensed-Phase HighExplosives.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Brief History of Condensed-Phase Explosive Technology.- 7.3. Planar Steady Detonation Theory.- 7.4. Equations Governing Reactive Flow.- 7.5. Initiation of Detonation.- 7.6. 2D Steady Detonation in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Materials.- 7.7. Properties of High Explosives.- 7.8. Initiation and Detonation Measurement Techniques.- 7.9. Summary.- 7.10. Glossary.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 8 Analysis of Shock-Induced Damage in Fiber-Reinforced Composites.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Background.- 8.3. Micromechanical Model.- 8.4. Constitutive Models.- 8.5. Numerical Implementation.- 8.6. Computational Simulations.- 8.7. Summary.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 9 Attenuation of Longitudinal Elastoplastic Pulses.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. Stress and Deformation Fields.- 9.3. Longitudinal Shocks.- 9.4. Material Response Model: Ideal Elastoplasticity at Small Strain.- 9.5. Shock Propagation in a Slab.- 9.6. Elastoplastic Pulse Attenuation.- 9.7. Summary and Conclusions.- 9.A. Appendix: Field Values for Pulse Attenuation in Range C.- 9.B. Appendix: Field Values for Pulse Attenuation in Range D.- 9.C. Appendix: Field Values for Pulse Attenuation in Range E.- References.- Author Index.
Volume

[1] : gw ISBN 9783540979647

Description

The chapters in this volume cover all aspects of shock-compression science. Each is by a leading researcher in the field and provides a fundamental review as well as an introduction to current research. An extensive chronological bibliography and an annotated bibliography of the current literature will make this a particularly useful reference. Problems at the ends of the chapters enhance the usefulness of the book as a text. (A solutions manual is available from the editors).

Table of Contents

Contents: R.A. Graham: Introduction to High-Pressure Shock Compression of Solids.- M.B. Boslough, J.R. Asay: Basic principles.- L.M. Barker, L.C. Chhabildas, M. Shahinpoor: Experimental and Diagnostic Techniques.- T.J. Ahrens: Equations of State.- W. Herrmann: Inelastic Constitutive Relations.- G.T. Gray: Influence of Shock Waves on the Behavior of Materials.- J.N. Johnson: Micromechanical Considerations.- D.E. Grady, M.E. Kipp: Dynamic Fracture and Fragmentation.- J.M. McGlaun, P. Yarrington: Large-Deformation-Wave Codes.

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