On the success of failure : a reassessment of the effects of retention in the primary grades
著者
書誌事項
On the success of failure : a reassessment of the effects of retention in the primary grades
Cambridge University Press, 1994
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. [252]-264) and index.
内容説明・目次
内容説明
This book is about the practice of grade retention in elementary school, a particularly vexing problem in urban school systems, where upwards of half the students may repeat a grade. On the Success of Failure addresses the question of whether repeating a grade is helpful or harmful when children are not keeping up. It describes the school context of retention and evaluates its consequences by tracking the experiences of a large, representative sample of Baltimore school children from first grade through middle school. Focusing on the experience of first, second and third grade repeaters, the volume finds largely positive effects for retention. Test scores and marks, which are low to begin with and get worse over time, improve when retainees get back into the regular promotion sequence, but in most instances repeaters remain above where they had been before being held back. Retention is not the answer to children's problems, but neither is it the source of problems, as much commentary on the practice would have us believe. On the Success of Failure gives evidence that a return to social promotion would be the real disservice to these youngsters and their families.
目次
- 1. Retention: many questions
- few answers
- 2. Children's pathways through the elementary and middle school years: retention+
- 3. Characteristics and competencies of repeaters: who is held back? 4. Monitoring academic performance: test scores before and after retention
- 5. How retention affects performance on standardized tests
- 6. Teachers' classroom evaluations of repeaters: report card marks in reading and math
- 7. The stigma of retention: effects on children's sense of self, attitudes toward school and achievement orientations
- 8. Retention in the broader context of elementary and middle school tracking
- 9. The retention puzzle: problem, solution or signal?
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