The inaccessible earth : an integrated view to its structue and composition
著者
書誌事項
The inaccessible earth : an integrated view to its structue and composition
Chapman & Hall, 1993
2nd ed
- タイトル別名
-
The inaccessible earth
大学図書館所蔵 全4件
  青森
  岩手
  宮城
  秋田
  山形
  福島
  茨城
  栃木
  群馬
  埼玉
  千葉
  東京
  神奈川
  新潟
  富山
  石川
  福井
  山梨
  長野
  岐阜
  静岡
  愛知
  三重
  滋賀
  京都
  大阪
  兵庫
  奈良
  和歌山
  鳥取
  島根
  岡山
  広島
  山口
  徳島
  香川
  愛媛
  高知
  福岡
  佐賀
  長崎
  熊本
  大分
  宮崎
  鹿児島
  沖縄
  韓国
  中国
  タイ
  イギリス
  ドイツ
  スイス
  フランス
  ベルギー
  オランダ
  スウェーデン
  ノルウェー
  アメリカ
注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. 255-264) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
In the dozen years since the first edition appeared, there has been a great advance in understanding of the Earth's deep interior. This is not because there have been breakthroughs in understanding, or even many changes of ideas, but largely because of many small advances, often the result of improved tech- niques. This has led to a complete revision of the book. For instance, we have a much better idea of how the cloud of gas that formed the Solar Nebula evolved into the Sun and the planets, and of the chemical processes that accompanied its evolution and determined the mix of elements in the Earth. We have a better understanding of convection and how plates are an essential part of it, and how it is accompanied by chemical processes that have extracted the materials to build continents. Although the major variation within the Earth is radial, improved geophysical and geochemical techniques have made progress in investigating and under- standing the lateral heterogeneities, and it is encouraging that when geochemists and geophysicists talk about lateral heterogeneities they can sometimes be referring to the same thing.
Plumes have become very fashionable as the cause of hot-spot magmatism and associated geochemical anomalies, probably origi- nating at the base of the mantle (though clear evidence for their existence is lacking).
目次
1 Introduction.- 1.1 Aims and objectives.- 1.2 'The Inaccessible Earth': an outline.- 1.3 History of ideas about the Earth.- Further reading.- 2 The contribution of seismology.- 2.1 Seismic waves.- 2.2 Deduction of P- and S-wave velocities at depth.- 2.3 Seismic velocities and the structure of the Earth.- 2.4 Surface waves.- 2.5 Free oscillations of the Earth.- Summary.- Further reading.- 3 The density within the Earth.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 The mass of the Earth.- 3.3 The moment of inertia of the Earth.- 3.4 The simple self-compression model: the Adams-Williamson equation.- 3.5 Defects of the self-compression model.- 3.6 More sophisticated models and a contemporary result for the Earth's density variation.- Summary.- Further reading.- 4 The formation of the Solar System and the abundances of the elements.- 4.1 Why it is necessary to look outside the Earth.- 4.2 Introducing the Solar System and the Galaxy.- 4.3 Formation of the Solar System.- 4.4 Abundances of the elements.- 4.5 Meteorites and asteroids.- Summary.- Further reading.- 5 The accretion and layering of the terrestrial planets.- 5.1 The first 100 million years.- 5.2 Pre-planetary chemical processes.- 5.3 Post-accretional chemical processes.- 5.4 The Earth-Moon system: a special relationship.- 5.5 Mars, Venus and Mercury: a postscript.- Summary.- Further reading.- 6 The Earth's core.- 6.1 Problems posed by the core.- 6.2 The Earth's magnetic field and the problem of energy.- 6.3 Energy sources for the dynamo: (a) thermal convection.- 6.4 Compositions of the inner and outer cores.- 6.5 Energy sources for the dynamo: (b) compositional convection.- 6.6 Temperature in the core.- Summary.- Further reading.- 7 The mantle and oceanic crust.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 The upper mantle: mineralogical and chemical relationships.- 7.3 Experimental petrology and the upper mantle.- 7.4 Structure and evolution of spreading ridges.- 7.5 The transition zone.- 7.6 The lower mantle.- Summary.- Further reading.- 8 The dynamic mantle.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Rheology of the mantle.- 8.3 The thermal balance sheet: heat sources and sinks.- 8.4 Convection in the mantle.- 8.5 Temperature within the mantle.- 8.6 The Earth as a heat engine.- Summary.- Further reading.- 9 Evolution of the mantle.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Does convection cross the 660-km discontinuity?.- 9.3 Geochemical heterogeneity in the mantle.- 9.4 Synthesis.- Summary.- Further reading.- 10 The continental crust.- 10.1 The nature of the Earth's continental crust.- 10.2 Crustal structure, composition and rheology.- 10.3 Processes in zones of lithospheric convergence.- 10.4 Processes in zones of lithospheric extension.- Summary.- Further reading.- 11 Evolution of the Earth's continental crust.- 11.1 The framework of crustal evolution.- 11.2 Archaean and pre-Archaean Earth history.- 11.3 The Proterozoic.- 11.4 The Phanerozoic.- 11.5 Isotopes and crustal evolution.- 11.6 A history of the Earth and a final summary.- Further reading.- Postscript: the new state of ignorance.- Notes.- 1 Moment of inertia, angular momentum, etc..- 3 Electromagnetic stiffening, and heating.- 4 Radiometric dating.- 5 The atom and the nucleus.- 6 Electronegativity and the electronic structure of atoms.- 7 Earthquake fault-plane solutions.- 8 Gravity and the geoid.- References.
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