Particles and nuclei : an introduction to the physical concepts
著者
書誌事項
Particles and nuclei : an introduction to the physical concepts
Springer, c1995
- タイトル別名
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Teilchen und Kerne : eine Einführung in die physikalischen Konzepte
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. [329]-334) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
A unified presentation of nuclear and particle physics from an experimental point of view. The first part of the book is devoted to disentangling the substructure of matter, showing that experiments designed to uncover the substructures of nuclei and nucleons have a similar conceptual basis. This leads to the present picture of all matter being built out of a small number of elementary building blocks and a small number of fundamental interactions. The second part then goes on to show how these elementary particles may be combined to build hadrons and nuclei. This introductory textbook is based on lectures held at the University of Heidelberg and, with its numerous exercises with worked answers, is ideally suited for undergraduate courses.
目次
1. Hors d'oeuvre.- 1.1 Fundamental Constituents of Matter.- 1.2 Fundamental Interactions.- 1.3 Symmetries and Conservation Laws.- 1.4 Experiments.- 1.5 Units.- I Analysis: the Building Blocks of Matter.- 2. Global Properties of Nuclei.- 2.1 The Atom and its Constituents.- 2.2 Nuclides.- 2.3 Parametrisation of Binding Energies.- 2.4 Charge Independence of the Nuclear Force and Isospin.- 3. Nuclear Stability.- 3.1 ?-Decay.- 3.2 ?-Decay.- 3.3 Nuclear Fission.- 3.4 Decay of Excited Nuclear States.- 4. Scattering.- 4.1 General Observations About Scattering Processes.- 4.2 Cross Sections.- 4.3 The "Golden Rule".- 4.4 Feynman Diagrams.- 5. Geometric Shapes of Nuclei.- 5.1 Kinematics of Electron Scattering.- 5.2 The Rutherford Cross-Section.- 5.3 The Mott Cross-Section.- 5.4 Nuclear Form Factors.- 5.5 Inelastic Nuclear Excitations.- 6. Elastic Scattering off Nucleons.- 6.1 Form Factors of the Nucleons.- 6.2 Quasi-elastic Scattering.- 6.3 Charge Radii of Pions and Kaons.- 7. Deep Inelastic Scattering.- 7.1 Excited States of the Nucleons.- 7.2 Structure Functions.- 7.3 The Parton Model.- 7.4 Interpretation of Structure Functions in the Parton Model.- 8. Quarks, Gluons, and the Strong Interaction.- 8.1 The Quark Structure of Nucleons.- 8.2 Quarks in Hadrons.- 8.3 The Quark-Gluon Interaction.- 8.4 Scaling Violations of the Structure Functions.- 9. Particle Production in e+e- Collisions.- 9.1 Lepton Pair Production.- 9.2 Resonances.- 9.3 Non-resonant Hadron Production.- 9.4 Gluon Emission.- 10. Phenomenology of the Weak Interaction.- 10.1 The Lepton Families.- 10.2 The Types of Weak Interactions.- 10.3 Coupling Strength of the Charged Current.- 10.4 The Quark Families.- 10.5 Parity Violation.- 10.6 Deep Inelastic Neutrino Scattering.- 11. Exchange Bosons of the Weak Interaction.- 11.1 Real W and Z Bosons.- 11.2 Electroweak Unification.- 12. The Standard Model.- II Synthesis: Composite Systems.- 13. Quarkonia.- 13.1 The Hydrogen Atom and Positronium Analogues.- 13.2 Charmonium.- 13.3 Quark-Antiquark Potential.- 13.4 The Chromomagnetic Interaction.- 13.5 Bottonium and Toponium.- 13.6 The Decay Channels of Heavy Quarkonia.- 13.7 Decay Widths as a Test of QCD.- 14. Mesons Made from Light Quarks.- 14.1 Mesonic Multiplets.- 14.2 Meson Masses.- 14.3 Decay Channels.- 14.4 Neutral Kaon Decay.- 15. The Baryons.- 15.1 The Production and Detection of Baryons.- 15.2 Baryon Multiplets.- 15.3 Baryon Masses.- 15.4 Magnetic Moments.- 15.5 Semileptonic Baryon Decays.- 15.6 How Good Is the Constituent Quark Concept?.- 16. The Nuclear Force.- 16.1 Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering.- 16.2 The Deuteron.- 16.3 Nature of the Nuclear Force.- 17. The Structure of Nuclei.- 17.1 The Fermi Gas Model.- 17.2 Hypernuclei.- 17.3 The Shell Model.- 17.4 Deformed Nuclei.- 17.5 Spectroscopy Through Nuclear Reactions.- 17.6 ?-Decay of the Nucleus.- 18. Collective Nuclear Excitations.- 18.1 Electromagnetic Transitions.- 18.2 Dipole Oscillations.- 18.3 Shape Oscillations.- 18.4 Rotation States.- 19. Many-Body Systems in the Strong Interaction.- A. Appendix.- A.1 Accelerators.- A.2 Detectors.- A.3 Combining Angular Momenta.- A.4 Physical Constants.- Problems.- Solutions.- References.
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