Poverty is not a vice : charity, society, and the state in imperial Russia

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Poverty is not a vice : charity, society, and the state in imperial Russia

Adele Lindenmeyr

Princeton University Press, c1996

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注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. [305]-328) and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

At the turn of the twentieth century, many Russians clung to the traditional belief that "poverty is not a vice" and that personal acts of generosity toward the poor, including beggars, earn spiritual salvation. Here Adele Lindenmeyr explores how this thinking--and opposition to it--shaped the development of private charity and public welfare in Russia from the eighteenth century to World War I. In recovering a long-forgotten aspect of Russian history, Lindenmeyr offers new insights into major issues debated by historians today: the development of a viable civil society in an autocratic state, the efficacy of central and local government, and Russians' complex reaction to Western ideas. Her book also provides fascinating background to the new flourishing of private charity in post-communist Russia. The first challenges to the ethos of personal charity came from Peter the Great. Influenced by the Western notion that poverty was a vice, he attempted a systematic approach to its eradication. Lindenmeyr traces the course of poor relief from the establishment of the first state welfare institutions to the post-emancipation devolution of responsibility for the needy to local authorities. At the same time, however, almsgiving still thrived, especially among the peasant estate, where personal acts of charity were preferred to a poor tax. Finally, the author shows how hundreds of privately founded charitable societies and institutions also emerged, reflecting educated society's increasing awareness of poverty as a social problem and contributing significantly to the public sphere.

目次

List of IllustrationsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction3Ch. 1The Russian Culture of Giving7Ch. 2The Autocracy and Poor Relief, 1682-186126Ch. 3Estates, Local Government, and Poor Relief, 1861-191448Ch. 4The Autocracy and Poor Law Reform, 1891-191474Ch. 5From Charity to Philanthropy: Private Charitable Associations and the Origins of Civil Society, 1762-185699Ch. 6Charity and Civil Society in the Era of the Great Reforms120Ch. 7"Scientific Charity" in Imperial Russia142Ch. 8Transforming the Poor: The Work Relief Movement168Ch. 9The Zenith of Voluntarism, 1881-191419SCh. 10Conclusion227Appendix233Notes241Bibliography305Index329

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