Expertise in context : human and machine
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Bibliographic Information
Expertise in context : human and machine
AAAI Press , MIT Press, c1997
- : pbk
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Includes bibliographical references and index
Description and Table of Contents
Description
Computerized "expert systems" are among the best-known applications of artificial intelligence. But what is expertise? The nature of knowledge and expertise, and their relation to context, is the focus of active discussion and controversy among psychologists, philosophers, computer scientists, and other cognitive scientists. The questions reach to the very foundations of cognitive theory. The twenty-three original essay in this volume discuss the essential nature of expert knowledge, as well as such questions as how "expertise" differs from mere "knowledge," the relation between the individual and group processes involved in knowledge in general and expertise in particular, the social and other contexts of expertise, how expertise can be assessed, and the relation between human and computer expertise.
Contributors
N. M. Agnew, D. Bertram, S. Bringsjord, N. Charness, W. Clancey, H. M. Collins, T. M. Converse, R. L. Coulson, D. DuBois, K. A. Ericsson, P. J. Feltovich, K. M. Ford, N. D. Geddes, K. J. Hammond, C. C. Hayes, P. J. Hayes, H. Hexmoor, C. T. Kulik, H. E. Kyburg, M. LaFrance, F. J. Lerch, G. F. Luger, M. Miller, M. Minsky, K. O'Hara, A. L. Patalano, V. L. Patel, D. Perlis, M. J. Prietula, M. F. Ramoni, A. T. Rappaport, C. M. Seifert, N. Shadbolt, V. L. Shalin, S. C. Shapiro, R. J. Spiro, E. W. Stein, C. R. Stern, R. J. Sternberg, M. A. Szczepkowski, C. M. Zeitz
Table of Contents
- Part 1 The cognitive perspective: cognitive and developmental factors in expert performance, K.A. Ericsson and N. Charness
- some concrete advantages of abstraction - how experts' representations facilitate reasoning, C.M. Zeitz
- cognitive models of directional inference in expert medical reasoning, V.L. Patel and M.F. Ramoni
- experience and expertise - the role of memory in planning for opportunities, C.M. Seifert et al
- issues of expert flexibility in contexts characterized by complexity and change, P.J. Feltovich et al. Part 2 Expertise in context: cognitive conceptions of expertise, R.J. Sternberg
- metaphors for expertise - how knowledge engineers picture human expertise, M. LaFrance
- a look at expertise from a social perspective, E.W. Stein
- expertise in dynamic, physical task domains, V.L. Shalin et al
- expertise in context - personally constructed, socially selected and reality-relevant?, N.M. Agnew et al. Part 3 Socially situated expertise: the conceptual nature of knowledge, situations and activity, W.J. Clancey
- RAT-Tale - sociology's contribution to understanding human and machine cognition, H.M. Collins. Part 4 Expert systems in context: model-based expert systems and the explanation of expertise, N. Shadbolt and K. O'Hara
- a study of solution quality in human expert and knowledge-based system reasoning, C.C. Hayes
- abduction and abstraction in diagnosis - a schema-based account, C.R. Stern and G.F. Luger
- integrating skill and knowledge in expert agents, H. Hexmoor and S.C. Shapiro
- toward automated expert reasoning and expert-novice communication, M. Miller and D. Perlis
- the tuning effect - the nature of trust in expert systems advice, F.J. Lerch et al
- interpreting generic structures - expert systems, expertise and context, K. O'Hara and N. Shadbolt. Part 5 Pushing the envelope: an argument for the uncomputability of infinitary mathematical expertise, S. Bringsjord
- expertise and context in uncertain inference, H.E. Kyburg
- negative expertise, M. Minsky
- context, cognition and the future of intelligent infostructures, A.T. Rappaport. Part 6 Recapitulation and synthesis: a general conceptual framework for conceiving of expertise and expert systems, R.R. Hoffman et al.
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