The origin and early diversification of land plants : a cladistic study
著者
書誌事項
The origin and early diversification of land plants : a cladistic study
（Smithsonian series in comparative evolutionary biology）
Smithsonian Institution Press, c1997
- : cloth
- : paper
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. 387-422) and indexes
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The appearance of land vegetation on Earth 450 million years ago marked a period of unparalleled innovation in plant evolution. The transition from algae to the first land plants--the transition from water to air--entailed adaptations that gave rise to many of today's major plant groups, including mosses, liverworts, lycopsids, and ferns. An understanding of early land plant relationships is critical to a full-scale appreciation of phylogenetic patterns in the plant kingdom. The first comprehensive application of cladistics--a system of defining taxa by shared characteristics to infer evolutionary relationships-- to the massive body of data on both living and fossil plants, this book clarifies phylogenetic patterns within and among basal groups of land plants. Summarizing the morphological and molecular evidence available, the authors critically explore the distribution of characters such as stem branching, leaves, and heterospory. Their specific phylogenetic hypotheses make explicit previous morphology-based studies, and their inclusion of fossils clarifies relationships among extinct groups.
The book contributes significantly to current ideas on the homology of land plant structural features and supports the monophyly of vascular plants as well as the early divergence of lycopsids from other tracheophytes. Illustrated with line drawings and complete with appendices detailing the morphology of early fossil plants and their living relatives, The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants discusses the implications of its phylogenetic conclusions for understanding the evolution of land plant structure, life cycles, the appearance of groups in the fossil record, biogeographic patterns, and related geological events. In its detailed analysis of the patterns and processes underlying the origin of land plants, the book sheds light on central questions surrounding the initial assembly of terrestrial ecosystems.
目次
Chapter 1 Preface Part 2 I. Introduction Chapter 3 1. Background Chapter 4 2. The Organization of this Book Part 5 II. Plants in the Hierarchy of Life Chapter 6 3. The Five Kingdoms in a Phylogenetic Context Chapter 7 4. The Plant Kingdom (Chlorobiota) Chapter 8 5. Streptobionta Part 9 III. Embryobiota Chapter 10 6. Systematics Chapter 11 7. Choice of Taxa Chapter 12 8. Character Descriptions and Coding Chapter 13 9. Analysis Chapter 14 10. Results Chapter 15 11. Discussion Part 16 IV. Polysporangiophytes Chapter 17 12. A Brief History of Relevant Paleobotanical Discoveries Chapter 18 13. Systematics Chapter 19 14. Choice of Taxa Chapter 20 15. Character Descriptions and Coding Chapter 21 16. Analysis Chapter 22 17. Results Chapter 23 18. Discussion Part 24 V. Zosterophyllopsida and Basal Lycophytes Chapter 25 19. Systematics: Origin of the "Zosterophyll" Concept Chapter 26 20. Phylogenetic Questions and Aims of Analysis Chapter 27 21. Choice of Taxa Chapter 28 22. Character Descriptions and Coding Chapter 29 23. Analyses Chapter 30 24. Results Chapter 31 25. Discussion Part 32 VI. Lycopsida Chapter 33 26. Systematics Chapter 34 27. Phylogenetic Questions and Aims of Analysis Chapter 35 28. Choice of Taxa Chapter 36 29. Character Descriptions and Coding Chapter 37 30. Analysis Chapter 38 31. Results Chapter 39 32. Discussion Part 40 VII. Perspectives on the Early Evolution of Land Plants Chapter 41 33. Systematics and Summary of Relationships Chapter 42 34. A Summary of the Early Fossil Record Chapter 43 35. Temporal and Biogeographic Patterns in the Early Fossil Record Chapter 44 36. Comparative Morphology Chapter 45 37. Life Cycles Chapter 46 38. Conclusions Part 47 Appendix 1: Summary Descriptions of Fossil and Extant Taxa Part 48 Appendix 2: Data for Analyses of Embryobiota Part 49 Appendix 3: Data for Analyses of Polysporangiophytes Part 50 Appendix 4: Data for Analyses of Zosterophyllopsida Part 51 Appendix 5: Data for Analyses of Lycopsida
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