Ecological scale : theory and applications
著者
書誌事項
Ecological scale : theory and applications
（Complexity in ecological systems series）
Columbia University Press, c1998
- : casebd. ed
- : pbk
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
-
: casebd. ed ISBN 9780231105026
内容説明
This book synthesizes a diverse literature on scale in ecology. David L. Peterson and V. Thomas Parker gather contributions from scholars and resource managers representing a wide range of disciplines, including soil science, plant ecology, animal ecology, and aquatic ecology. They assist ecologists in developing new strategies for more accurate interpretations of data using a variety of scales. The distinguished contributors in "Ecological Scale" address the theoretical and methodological relevance of scale within a broad multidisciplinary context. Together, the chapters present convincing evidence that the integration of scale concepts into ecological study is of imminent global concern. Indeed, the understanding of such issues as global warming, the protection of biological diversity, and ecosystem management is affected by interpretation of scale. "Ecological Scale" provides invaluable perspectives on the application of the concepts of measurement, analysis, and inference in both theoretical and applied ecology, ultimately providing a broad-based understanding for resource managers and other ecological professionals.
目次
- , by T. F. H. Allen and David W. Roberts, Series Editors Integrating Pattern, Process, and Scale Homage to St. Michael
- or, Why Are There So Many Books on Scale?, by R. V. O'Neill and A. W. King Pattern, Process, and the Analysis of Spatial Scales, by Robert H. Gardner The Landscape "Level" Is Dead: Persuading the Family to Take It Off the Respirator, by T. F. H. Allen A Hierarchical View of Habitat and Its Relationship to Species Abundance, by Jurek Kolasa and Nigel Waltho Interpreting Multiple Scales in Ecological Systems Paleoecological Perspectives on Ecological Scale, by Peter K. Schoonmaker Space and Time in the Soil Landscape: The Ill-Defined Ecological Universe, by R. David Hammer Ecosystem Organization Across a Continuum of Scales: A Comparative Analysis of Lakes and Rivers, by Claudia Pahl-Wostl Historical Contingency and Multiple Scales of Dynamics Within Plant Communities, by V. Thomas Parker and Steward T. A. Pickett Spatial Scaling and Animal Population Dynamics, by Brett J. Goodwin and Lenore Fahrig Time, Space, and Beyond: Scale Issues in Food-Web Research, by Neo D. Martinez and Jennifer A. Dunne Defining Ecologically Relevant Change in the Process of Scaling Up: Implications for Monitoring at the "Landscape" Level, by G. A. Bradshaw Moving Across Scales: Ecological Inference and Applications Applied Scaling Theory, by David C. Schneider Remote Sensing Applications in Ecosystem Analysis, by John Vande Castle Field Studies of Large Mobile Organisms: Scale, Movement, and Habitat Utilization, by S. Jonathan Stern Scaling and Integration in Trees, by T. M. Hinckley, D. G. Sprugel, J. R. Brooks, K. J. Brown, T. A. Martin, D. A. Ro From Forest Stands to Landscapes: Spatial Scales and the Roles of Disturbances, by Ken Lertzman and Joseph Fall Incorporating Scale in Ecological Experiments: Study Design, by Pierre Dutilleul Pierre Dutilleul Incorporating Scale Concepts in Ecological Applications Measuring Environmental Change, by John L. Innes Managing Ecological Systems and Processes, by Richard J. Hobbs Relationships of Scale to Policy and Decision Making, by Edward J. Rykiel Jr. Dimensions of Scale in Ecology, Resource Management, and Society, by David L. Peterson and V. Thomas Parker
- 巻冊次
-
: pbk ISBN 9780231106375
内容説明
Spatial optimization is a methodology used to maximize or minimize a management objective, given the limited area, finite resources, and spatial relationships in an ecosystem. Optimization approaches can be used to evaluate a great variety of options and allow tradeoff analyses that might be impossible with other methods. This book presents ideas and methods for directly optimizing the spatial layout of the landscape features in which an ecosystem functions. The problems Hof and Bevers address are complex, and the book relies heavily on mathematical presentations; the ideas are explained in a tutorial fashion that allows readers to grasp the general principals even if they skip the math. The first of four parts treats static spatial relationships that reflect the importance of shape, size, and proximity within an ecosystem. Part 2 considers spatial autocorrelation in a chance-constrained modeling framework. Part 3 discusses dynamic spatial changes within modeled ecosystems, and the final section focuses on diversity and sustainability.
Although most discussion concerns wildlife habitat issues, the authors also include chapters on recreation, timber management, water runoff, and pest management.
目次
Ferret Releases Net Population Growth Rate Ferret Dispersal Spatial Definition Ferret Reintroduction in South Dakota The Spatial Optimization Model The Black-Footed Ferret: A Case Study Discussion The Modeling Approach Sustainability of Species Richness The Logistic Distribution Transformations Declining Monotonicity of Natural Logarithm Results Allocation Over Time and Space Results Continuous Choice Variables Results The Problem An Example The Model A Cellular Model of Wildlife Population Growth and Dispersal Methods Dynamic Movement Row-Total Variance Reduction An Example Post-Optimization Calculations Simulation Versus Optimization An Adaptive Management Context Synthesis A New Definition for a Regulated Forest Single-Species Emphasis Accounting for Mortality Sensitivity to Planning Horizon Length Sensitivity to Minimum Harvest Age Model Reduction Linear Approximation of Objective Functions A Coastal Douglas-fir Case Study Objective Functions Wildlife Habitat Fragmentation Effects Edge Effects A Cellular Model of Wildlife Habitat Spatial Relationships Static Spatial Relationships A Final Introductory Note Solvability of Nonlinear Programs Solvability of (0-1) Integer Programs Methods Organization Viewpoint Introduction The Problem Pragmatic Approaches to Handling Risk and Uncertainty Discussion Results The Problem An Example Rectangles Circles Optimization Chance Maximization Spatial Autocorrelation Connectivity Theory A Geometric Wildlife Model with Spatial Autocorrelation and Habitat Connectivity Discussion Results The Problem An Example A Cellular Timber Model with Spatial Autocorrelation Approximation of the CDF Total Probability Chance-Maximizing Programming Joint Probability Chance-Maximizing Programming MAXMIN Chance-Maximizing Programming Chance-Maximizing Programs Total Probability Chance Constraint Joint Probability Chance Constraint Individual Chance Constraints Chance-Constrained Programming Spatial Autocorrelation Discussion Results The Problem An Example A Spatial Recreation Allocation Model The Case of More Than One Proposed Site The Travel Cost Model Spatial Supply-Demand Equilibrium: A Recreation Example Discussion Results An Example Spatial Effects A Geometric Model of Wildlife Habitat Spatial Relationships Discussion Results The Problem An Example Wildlife Habitat Size Thresholds Results A Steady-State Example Determining the Optimal Steady State Species Richness Objective Functions Diversity and Sustainability Discussion Results Two Examples The Spatial Optimization Approach A Nested-Schedule Model of Stormflow Discussion Results The Problem An Example The Model A Cellular Model of Pest Management Model Results Ferret Carrying Capacity
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