Easy as π? : an introduction to higher mathematics
著者
書誌事項
Easy as π? : an introduction to higher mathematics
Springer, c1999
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Избранные главы элементарной математики
Easy as pi?
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注記
"Translated by Robert G. Burns" -- t.p.
Bibliography: p.[177]-179
Includes index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
An introduction for readers with some high school mathematics to both the higher and the more fundamental developments of the basic themes of elementary mathematics. Chapters begin with a series of elementary problems, cleverly concealing more advanced mathematical ideas. These are then made explicit and further developments explored, thereby deepending and broadening the readers' understanding of mathematics. The text arose from a course taught for several years at St. Petersburg University, and nearly every chapter ends with an interesting commentary on the relevance of its subject matter to the actual classroom setting. However, it may be recommended to a much wider readership; even the professional mathematician will derive much pleasureable instruction from it.
目次
1 Induction.- 1.1 Principle or method?.- 1.2 The set of integers.- 1.3 Peano's axioms.- 1.4 Addition, order, and multiplication.- 1.5 The method of mathematical induction.- 2 Combinatorics.- 2.1 Elementary problems.- 2.2 Combinations and recurrence relations.- 2.3 Recurrence relations and power series.- 2.4 Generating functions.- 2.5 The numbers ?e, and n-factorial.- 3 Geometric Transformations.- 3.1 Translations, rotations, and other symmetries, in the context of problem-solving.- 3.2 Problems involving composition of transformations.- 3.3 The group of Euclidean motions of the plane.- 3.4 Ornaments.- 3.5 Mosaics and discrete groups of motions.- 4 Inequalities.- 4.1 The means of a pair of numbers.- 4.2 Cauchy's inequality and the a.m.-g.m. inequality.- 4.3 Classical inequalities and geometry.- 4.4 Integral variants of the classical inequalities.- 4.5 Wirtinger's inequality and the isoperimetric problem.- 5 Sets, Equations, and Polynomials.- 5.1 Figures and their equations.- 5.2 Pythagorean triples and Fermat's last theorem.- 5.3 Numbers and polynomials.- 5.4 Symmetric polynomials.- 5.5 Discriminants and resultants.- 5.6 The method of elimination and Bezout's theorem.- 5.7 The factor theorem and finite fields.- 6 Graphs.- 6.1 Graphical reformulations.- 6.2 Graphs and parity.- 6.3 Trees.- 6.4 Euler's formula and the Euler characteristic.- 6.5 The Jordan curve theorem.- 6.6 Pairings.- 6.7 Eulerian graphs and a little more.- 7 The Pigeonhole Principle.- 7.1 Pigeonholes and pigeons.- 7.2 Poincare's recurrence theorem.- 7.3 Liouville's theorem.- 7.4 Minkowski's lemma.- 7.5 Sums of two squares.- 7.6 Sums of four squares. Euler's identity.- 8 The Quaternions.- 8.1 The skew-field of quaternions, and Euler's identity.- 8.2 Division algebras. Frobenius's theorem.- 8.3 Matrix algebras.- 8.4 Quaternions and rotations.- 9 The Derivative.- 9.1 Geometry and mechanics.- 9.2 Functional equations.- 9.3 The motion of a point-particle.- 9.4 On the number e.- 9.5 Contracting maps.- 9.6 Linearization.- 9.7 The Morse-Sard theorem.- 9.8 The law of conservation of energy.- 9.9 Small oscillations.- 10 The Foundations of Analysis.- 10.1 The rational and real number fields.- 10.2 Nonstandard number lines.- 10.3 "Nonstandard" statements and proofs.- 10.4 The reals numbers via Dedekind cuts.- 10.5 Construction of the reals via Cauchy sequences.- 10.6 Construction of a model of a nonstandard real line.- 10.7 Norms on the rationals.- References.
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