Communicating today
著者
書誌事項
Communicating today
Allyn and Bacon, c1997
2nd ed
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The second edition of Communicating Today is a timely revision of this successful text for the basic "hybrid" or "blend" course. In twenty chapters, this text offers a unique look at the field of speech communication, combining thorough coverage of all primary areas of the discipline with an understanding of its evolution from the past to the present and its directions for the future. Communicating Today combines a competency approach to building basic communication skills with a practical introduction to the theory of the field.
In keeping with current research and pedagogy in the discipline, this edition contains a chapter on "Technology and Communication" (Ch. 20). Communicating Today includes a major update of the contemporary coverage of today's emerging topics: Critical Thinking, Communicating in Careers, Diversity in Communication, and Communicating in Family and Society.
Communicating Today, Second Edition continues to be the only text on the market to explore virtually every area of speech communication by taking a chronological approach. Students will be able to learn how to communicate effectively in a variety of settings including the group, the interview, the public forum, the family, the classroom, and the media. This comprehensive introduction to the field also examines significant topics such as technology, health and lifespan communication, gender communication, free speech, and performance studies.
目次
All chapters end with "Summary," "Key Terms," "Exercises," and "References."
1. How We Got There: Communication Study in the Past.
Early Education.
Western Approaches.
Egypt Greece Rome.
Non-Western Approaches.
Communication in the Middle Ages.
Preservation of Knowledge Beginnings of Mass Communication.
Thinking, Speaking, and Changing Religion.
Early Schools The Impact of Printing.
Communication and Political Changes.
The Birth of the Parliament The Parliamentary Tradition Government of the People.
The Revolutionary Tradition.
Power in Words Peace or Violence.
Communication in American Life.
Free Speech, Free People Power of Speech, Progress of People Free Expression, Tension, Expansion, Restriction One Voice.
Speech Communication.
Traditions in American Life The Elocutionists Academic Disciplines The Emergence of the Modern Discipline Current and Future Trends in Communication Study.
2. What We Have Learned: Communication Principles.
A Formal Definition.
Principles.
A Whole Process Inevitable and Irreversible Content and Relationship A Variety of Settings.
Intrapersonal Communication Interpersonal Communication Small Group Communication Public Communication Mass Communication Organizational Communication Intercultural Communication.
A Communication Model.
Communication Apprehension-Another Constant.
Sources of Anxiety Responses to Anxiety.
Fallacy of Catastrophic Failure Fallacy of Perfection Fallacy of Approval Fallacy of Overgeneralization.
Coping Strategies Research About Communication Apprehension.
Communication Competency Reviewed.
3. What We Know About Listening.
Listening-The First Communication Event
Effective Listening Defined.
Hearing and Listening Listening and Understanding.
Active Listening.
Getting Prepared Staying Involved Keeping an Open Mind Reviewing and Evaluating.
Purposes and Places for Listening Skills.
Listening Critically Listening for Information Listening for Recreation.
Improving Listening Competency.
Eliminating Barriers.
Context Source Message Channels Receivers/Decoders Feedback/Interference/Noise.
Listener Responsibilities-Ethical Issues Listening and Speaking for Information Listening Beyond the Classroom.
4. What We Know About Critical Thinking.
Critical Thinking Defined.
Approaches to Reasoning.
Deduction.
Truth Validity.
Induction.
Is the Sample Known? Is the Sample Sufficient? Is the Sample Representative?
The Toulmin Model.
Informed Decision-Making.
Evaluating Information Evaluating Sources Evaluating Supporting Materials Critical and Creative Thinking Selecting Among Alternatives.
5. What We Know About Nonverbal Communication.
A Definition of Nonverbal Communication.
The Impact of Nonverbal Communication.
Nonverbal Communication Contexts and Rules.
Types of Nonverbal Communication.
Paralanguage Posture Movement Objects Space and Time Five Senses.
Improving Nonverbal Communication.
6. What We Know About Verbal Communication.
Symbols, Utterances, and Meaning.
Language as Symbol.
Semantics Phonologics Syntax.
Acquiring Language Skills.
Speaking and Writing.
Uses and Misuse of Language.
Mainstream American English Variety in American English Professional, Personal, and Popular Codes Linguistic Oppression Magic, Taboo, and Ritual.
Magic Taboo Ritual.
Improving Language Competency.
7. Intrapersonal Communication.
A Definition of Intrapersonal Communication.
Development of Intrapersonal Communication.
Experiences Self-Concept Body Image Personal Attributes Social Roles Values, Attitudes, Beliefs.
Values Attitudes Beliefs.
Perception and Self-Concept Expectations Self-fulfilling Prophecy.
Thoughts, Feelings, and Dreams.
Thinking Style.
Interpretation Problem-Solving Creativity.
Physical Limitations.
Functional and Dysfunctional Communication Systems.
Communication and Mental Health Communication and Achievement.
Improving Intrapersonal Communication Competency.
8. Interpersonal Communication.
Definition of Interpersonal Communication.
The Johari Window Inclusion, Affection, and Control Needs.
Communication and Relationship Development.
Coming Together Coming Apart.
Communication Climate and Conflict.
Supportiveness Defensiveness.
Conflict Management.
Conflict is Inevitable Conflict Can Be Constructive Process of Conflict Management.
Improving Interpersonal Skills.
Be Assertive Be Considerate Listen Develop Language Skills Be Supportive.
9. Interviewing.
Defining the Interview.
Types of Interviews.
Interviewing Another Person.
Structure and Sequence.
Being Interviewed.
Preparation for the Interview Responses During the Interview After the Interview.
Interview Formats.
Improving Interview Competency.
10. Small Group Communication.
Small Group Communication Defined.
Size Interaction A Common Purpose Organization.
Types of Small Groups.
Social Groups Work Groups Decision-Making Groups.
Communication Patterns in Groups.
Environments.
Phases of Group Development.
Orientation Conflict Consensus Closure.
Personal Influences.
Group-related Influences Independent Influences.
Leadership Influences.
Outcomes and Measurement.
Organizations: Groups Working Together.
Improving Small Group Communication Competency.
11. Preparing Speeches.
Outlining Principles.
General Outlines Subordination and Grouping Symbols Efficiency of Expression.
Organizational Patterns.
Sequential Patters Topical Patterns Motivational Patterns.
Analyzing Your Listeners.
Analyzing the Occasion Understanding Audience Diversity Analyzing the Environment.
Using Supportive Materials.
Verbal Supportive Materials Statistical Supporting Materials Visual Supporting Materials.
Researching Your Ideas.
Finding and Recording Information Using Personal Resources Using Library Resources Synthesizing Your Material.
Competency in Speech Preparation.
12. Presenting Speeches.
Types of Presentation Styles.
Manuscript Memorized Extemporaneous Impromptu.
Dealing With Apprehension.
Physiological Preparation Psychological Preparation.
Evaluating Public Speeches.
Standards of Presentation Adaptation to the Audience Standards of Ethics.
Improving Public Communication Competency.
13. Informing Others.
Types and Purposes of Informative Speaking.
Informative Styles Speeches of Definition Speeches of Demonstration Speeches of Exposition.
Patterns of Informative Speaking.
Structuring Informative Speeches.
Evaluating Informative Speeches.
Goals as a Listener Goals as a Critic Goals as a Consumer of Information.
Improving Informative Speaking Competency.
14. Persuading Others.
Defining Persuasion.
Facts, Values, Policies.
Value Systems.
Attitude Change Theory.
Types of Persuasive Speeches.
Speeches to Convince Speeches to Actuate Speeches to Reinforce or Inspire Debates and Public Argumentation.
Developing Motivating Supporting Materials.
Ethos Pathos Logos Logical Constructs in the Persuasive Speech Informal Reasoning Identifying with the Audience.
Developing Persuasive Organization.
Logical Patterns Motivational Patterns.
Developing Persuasive Delivery.
Evaluating Persuasive Speeches.
Listening Goals Critical Goals Consumer Goals.
Improving Persuasive Communication Competency.
15. Speaking on Special Occasions.
Speaking to Introduce Another Person.
Goals of the Introduction Speech Methods of Organization and Presentation.
Speaking to Commemorate a Person or Event.
Goals of a Commemorative Speech Methods of Organization and Presentation.
Speaking to Accept or Thank.
Goals of the Acceptance Speech Methods of Organization and Presentation.
Speaking on Short Notice-Impromptu.
Goals of Impromptu Speaking Methods of Organization and Presentation.
Reading Literature Aloud.
Goals of Oral Interpretation Methods of Creation and Presentation Readers Theater Preparing Materials for Reading Excerpting Materials for Reading.
16. Communication in Careers.
Organizational Types.
Classical Human Relations Social Systems Cultural Perspectives System.
Organizational Behavior: Norms and Rules.
Cultural Patterns in Organizations.
Upward and Downward Communication.
Gatekeepers and Facilitators.
Personal, Small Group, and Public Careers.
Applying Interviewing Skills.
Improving Career Communication Competency.
17. Family, Community, and Classroom Communication.
Communicating in the Family.
Family Roles and Communication Gender Issues.
Parents and Children.
How Children Acquire Language How Children Acquire Meaning Improving Family Communication Competency.
Communicating in the Community.
Participation Means Communication.
Democracy Communicates.
Citizen Preparation Citizen Presentation Improving Community Communication Competency.
18. Mass Media Communication and Society.
Mass Media Communication Defined.
How Mass Media Communication Works.
One-, Two-, and Three-Step Approaches Diffusion, Uses, Gratification Gatekeepers and Opinion Leaders The HUB Model.
The Impact of Mass Communication on Society.
Entertainment Knowledge Opinions and Impressions Propaganda and Diversion.
Public Relations.
Public Relations Defined Types and Functions of Public Relations Careers and Consumption.
Improving Mass Media Competency.
19. Diversity in Communication.
Intercultural Communication.
Importance of Communicating Across Cultures.
Global Village Global Economy.
Learning About Cultural Variety.
Filters and Screens.
Intercultural Communication Competency.
Communication and Gender.
Males, Females, and Communication Importance of Gender Effects of Gender Gender and Communication Competency.
Communication and Age and Health.
Age and Communication Health and Communication Improving Communication Competency.
20. Communication and Technology.
Communication Technology and Civilization.
Parallels to Civilization Development Access to Communication Technology Ethics and Communication Technology.
Personal Communication an Technology.
Intrapersonal Contexts Interpersonal Settings Interview Communication Small Group Communication.
Public Communication and Technology.
Public Speaking Impacts Career Setting Applications.
Social Communication and Technology.
Family, School, and Community Settings Mass Media and Society Intercultural, Gender, Health, and Age Issues.
Communication Competencies and Technology.
Speeches for Further Study.
Index.
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