CiNii Books - United Nations sanctions and international law

The reactivation of the Security Council at the beginning of the last decade has resulted, since the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq on August 2, l990, in increasing use of its powers under Chapter VII of the Charter and the adoption of measures against a number of state and non-state entities. The notion of a threat to the peace has now come to encompass violations of fundamental norms of international law such as human rights and humanitarian law, and the wide-ranging measures adopted have included such innovations as the establishment of the UN Compensation Commission or that of the two international criminal tribunals for Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. These measures have not only infringed on the legal rights of the targeted state (sometimes with irreversible effects where they have remained in force over a long period of time) and its population, but also on those of implementing states and of private rights within these states. The current debate over the legitimacy and long-term effects of economic sanctions on states and their populations makes it imperative to re-evaluate this instrument and the broader peace maintenance function of the Security Council in the light of current community concerns. Part One of this book addresses the theoretical issues by focussing on: 1) The place of sanctions in the international legal system; 2) the limits to the powers of the Security Council and the question of accountability; and 3) an assessment of the alternatives to collective economic sanctions. Part Two looks at the relationship between sanctions and humanitarian issues, examining the relationship between: 1) Sanctions and human rights law; 2) sanctions, humanitarian issues and mandates; and 3) sanctions and humanitarian law. Part Three focuses on implementation by states of Security Council sanctions resolutions by examining: 1) Sanctions and private rights; and 2) special problems for implementing states. Part Four addresses the future in reassessing the place and ethics of sanctions in an international legal system which is giving increased importance to the individual. This work is based on papers presented at a colloquium of the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva.

Table of Contents

Foreword. List of Abbreviations. Introduction. UN Sanctions and International Law: An Overview
V. Gowlland-Debbas. Keynote Address. The Concept of Sanction in International Law
G. Abi-Saab. Part I: Sanctions - Theoretical Issues. Sanctions and the International Legal System
chair R. Higgins. 1. Quelques remarques sur l'evolution de la pratique des sanctions decidees par le Conseil de securite des Nations Unies dans le cadre du Chapitre VII de la Charte
P.-M. Dupuy. 2. The Relationship between Sanctions and Countermeasures
J. Crawford. Limits to the Powers of the Security Council and the Question of Accountability
chair A.G. Koroma. 3. International Law Limits to the Security Council
N. Angelet. 4. Judicial Review of Sanctions
J. Dugard. Assessing Alternatives to Collective Economic Sanctions
chair: G. Abi-Saab. 5. Unilateral versus Collective Sanctions: An American's Perception
A. Lowenfeld. 6. La responsabilite penale individuelle, alternative aux sanctions collectives? A. Pellet. 7. Regional Enforcement of Community Objectives
B. Simma. Part II: Sanctions and Humanitarian Issues. 8. Opening Remarks: Sanctions and Human Rights Law
J.A. Frowein. Sanctions and Human Rights Law
chair J.A. Frowein. 9. Sanctions and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
A. Clapham. 10. Interpreting the Humanitarian Exceptions through the Sanctions Committees
G.L. Burci. 11. UNICEF and the Sanctions Committee - Lessons Learned from Iraq
J. Dupraz. Sanctions, Humanitarian Issues and Mandates
chair: G. Burdeau. 12. Les Sanctions Peuvent-Elles se Heurter a des Normes Concernant le Systeme des Nations Unies lui-meme? M.-J. Domestici-Met. 13. UN Sanctions - the ILO Experience
J. Diller. 14. UN Sanctions - Dilemmas for UNICEF
K. Landgren. 15. UN Sanctions and ICRC's Mandate
M. Kuhn. Sanctions and Humanitarian Law
chair C. Dominice. 16. La compatibilite des sanctions du Conseil de Securite avec le droit international humanitaire
D. Momtaz. 17. La compatibilite des sanctions du Conseil de Securite avec le droit international humanitaire - commentaire
L. Condorelli. 18. Sanctions and International Humanitarian Law - commentary
M. Sassoli. Part III: Implementation of Security Council Sanctions Resolutions. Sanctions and Private Rights
chair J.-M. Jacquet. 19. Implementation of Security Council Resolutions taken under Chapter VII in Germany
J.A. Frowein. 20. Les effets juridiques des resolutions du Conseil de securite sur les contrats prives
G. Burdeau. Special Problems for Implementing States
chair E. Suy. 21. Regional Interface between Security Council Decisions and Member States Implementation: The Example of the European Union
D. Bethlehem. 22. Enforcing the Economic Embargo at Sea
A.H.A. Soons. 23. Consultation under Article 50 of the United Nations Charter - the Experience of the Middle East
B.H. Al-Khasawneh. 24. The Position of States Specially Affected by Sanctions in the Meaning of Article 50 of the United Nations Charter - The Experience of Eastern Europe
W. Czaplinski. 25. Implementation of Sanctions - The Experience of Africa
T. Huaraka. 26. Mise en oeuvre par un Etat non membre des Nations Unies - le cas de la Suisse
M.-C. Krafft. Part IV: The Future of Sanctions
chair I. Kittani. 27. The Impact of United Nations Sanctions on Economic Development, Human Rights and Civil Society
A. Amir Al-Anbari. 28. Alternatives to Economic Sanctions
C. Chinkin. 29. Contrainte legale et violence illegale en droit international: fondements de la distinction
M. Chemillier-Gendreau. Part V: Annexes. List of Documents.

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