The history of development : from Western origins to global faith
著者
書誌事項
The history of development : from Western origins to global faith
Zed, 2002
New ed., revised and expanded
- : pbk
- : hbk
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
For years we have believed in development. Indeed, with all its hopes of a more just and materially prosperous world, development has fascinated societies in both North and South. Looking at this collective fancy in retrospect, Gilbert Rist shows the underlying similarities of its various theories and strategies, and their shared inability to transform the world. He argues persuasively that development has always been a kind of collective delusion which in reality has simply promoted a widening of market relations despite the good intentions of its advocates.
Now this era is over. Globalisation has taken over. Former development promises have been shelved and replaced by a new but narrower slogan, 'the struggle against poverty'. Yet in spite of the failures of development, aggravated now by globalisation, we are told that growth -- which nobody would risk abandoning -- is still the only means of salvation. It is clear that the need for belief is stronger than any doubts about its actual wisdom.
What, then, are the origins of this naive faith? Why have people put so much energy into proclaiming it and seeking to make it a reality? Why has it proved an illusion, and what future does it now have? These are some of the questions which this thoughtful and penetrating history of the concept of development explores.
This book is an invitation to rethink contemporary problems and to prepare ourselves for what might be called the post-development era.
目次
Preface to the Second Edition
Introduction
1. Definitions of Development
Conventional Thinking
A Methodological Word of Caution
Elements of a Definition
A Scandalous Definition?
'Development' as an element in the Religion of Modernity
2. Metamorphoses of a Western Myth
What the Metaphor Implies
Landmarks in the Western View of History
Conclusion
3. The Making of a World System
Colonization
The League of Nations and the Mandate System
Conclusion
4. The Invention of Development
President Truman's Point Four
A New World View: 'Underdevelopment'
US Hegemony
A New Paradigm
The ?Development? Age
5. The International Doctrine and Institutions Take Root
The Bandung Conference
The New International ?Development? Agencies
6. Modernisation poised between History and Prophecy
A Philosophy of History: Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth
Anti-communism or Marxism without Marx?
Dissident Voices: Francois Perroux and Dudley Seers
7. The Periphery and the Understanding of History
Neo-Marxism in the USA
The Latin American dependentistas
A New Paradigm, but Age-old Presuppositions
8. Self-Reliance: The Communal Past as a Model for the Future
Ujamaa and the Tanzanian Experience
The Principles of Self-Reliance
Possible Futures for Autonomy
9. The Triumph of Third Worldism
The New International Economic Order
An Original Voice: The 1975 Dag Hammarskjold Foundation
Report on Another Development
In the Wake of the NIEO: Further Proposals
The Basic Needs Approach
Conclusion
10. The Environment or the New Nature of ?Development?
The Return to Classical Economics, plus a few humanitarian extras
'Sustainable Development' or Growth Everlasting?
The Earth Summit
Reflections on Deliberate Ambiguity
11. A Mixture of Realism and Fine Sentiments
The South Commission
UNDP and 'Human Development'
12. The Post-Modern Illusion: Globalisation as a Simulacrum of ?Development?
On the Usefulness of Talking at Cross-purposes
Organisations on Reprieve or in Mutation?
Globalisation or a Return to Normal?
Virtual Reality as a Refuge for Continuing Belief
Beyond Development
13. Some Thoughts on What is to be Done
14. The Struggle Against Poverty: Slogan and Alibi
What's the Problem?
What really is a poor person?
An Alibi?
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index
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