Philosophy : the quest for truth
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書誌事項
Philosophy : the quest for truth
Oxford University Press, 2002
5th ed
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注記
Includes bibliographical references
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Praised for its accessibility and comprehensiveness, Philosophy: The Quest for Truth provides an excellent selection of classical and contemporary readings on nineteen key problems in philosophy. Louis Pojman has carefully organized the essays in each section so that they present pro/con dialogues that allow students to compare and contrast the philosophers' positions. Topics covered include the nature of philosophy, the existence of God, immortality, knowledge, the mind-body question, personal identity, free will and determinism, ethics, political philosophy, and the meaning of life. The fifth edition offers selections from Plato, Rene Descartes, John Locke, David Hume, William James, Bertrand Russell, John Hick, John Hospers, and James Rachels-as well as essays by Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Blaise Pascal, Thomas Hobbes, George Berkeley, Immanuel Kant, Gilbert Ryle, Albert Camus, Jean-Paul Sartre, Friedrich Nietzsche, Alvin Plantinga, and many others. In Philosophy: The Quest for Truth, 5th edition, Pojman offers substantial introductions to each of the nineteen philosophical problems.
In addition, each of the seventy-three readings is accompanied by an individual introduction with a biographical sketch of the philosopher, study questions, and reflective questions that challenge students to analyze and critique the material. Short bibliographies following each major section, an appendix on how to read and write philosophy papers, and a detailed glossary further enhance the text's pedagogical value. Invaluable for introductory courses in philosophy, this highly acclaimed text inspires and guides students' quest for wisdom. The fifth edition adds new study questions and nine new articles: * Father F. C. Copleston and Bertrand Russell: "A Debate on the Argument from Contingency" * Corliss Lamont: "Freedom of the Will and Human Responsibility" * Richard Taylor: "Fate" * Louis Pojman: "A Critique of Ethical Egoism" * Robert Paul Wolff: "In Defense of Anarchism" * Brian Barry: "A Cosmopolitan Theory of International Society" * Thomas Nagel: "The Absurd" * Thurgood Marshall: "The Death Penalty Is a Denial of Human Dignity" * Burton Leiser: "The Death Penalty Is Permissible"
目次
- Each Part opens with an Introduction and ends with Suggestions for Further Reading
- I. WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
- 1. Plato: Socratic Wisdom
- 2. John Locke: Of Enthusiasm and the Quest for Truth
- 3. Bertrand Russell: The Value of Philosophy
- Excursus: A Little Bit of Logic
- II. PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
- II.A. IS BELIEF IN GOD RATIONALLY JUSTIFIED? ARGUMENTS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD
- 4. Thomas Aquinas: The Five Ways
- 5. Father F.C. Copleston and Bertrand Russell: A Debate on the Argument from Contingency
- 6. Paul Edwards: A Critique of the Cosmological Argument
- 7. William Paley: The Watch and the Watchmaker
- 8. David Hume: A Critique of the Teleological Argument
- 9. St. Anselm and Gaunilo: The Ontological Argument
- II.B. WHY IS THERE EVIL?
- 10. Fyodor Dostoevsky: Why Is There Evil?
- 11. B.C. Johnson: Why Doesn't God Intervene to Prevent Evil?
- 12. John Hick: There Is a Reason Why God Allows Evil
- II.C. IS FAITH COMPATIBLE WITH REASON?
- 13. Blaise Pascal: Yes, Faith Is a Logical Bet
- 14. W.K. Clifford: The Ethics of Belief
- 15. William James: The Will to Believe
- 16. Antony Flew, R.M. Hare, and Basil Mitchell: A Debate on the Rationality of Religious Belief
- 17. Alvin Plantinga: Religious Belief Without Evidence
- III. KNOWLEDGE
- III.A. WHAT CAN WE KNOW? CLASSICAL THEORIES OF KNOWLEDGE
- 18. Rene Descartes: Cartesian Doubt and the Search for Foundational Knowledge
- 19. John Locke: The Empiricist Theory of Knowledge
- 20. George Berkeley: An Idealist Theory of Knowledge
- 21. David Hume: The Origin of Our Ideas and Skepticism about Causal Reasoning
- 22. John Hospers: An Argument Against Skepticism
- III.B. TRUTH, RATIONALITY, AND COGNITIVE RELATIVISM
- 23. Bertrand Russell: The Correspondence Theory of Truth
- 24. William James: The Pragmatic Theory of Truth
- 25. Richard Rorty: Dismantling Truth: Solidarity versus Objectivity
- 26. Margarita R. Levin: Upholding Truth: Objectivity versus Solidarity
- IV. PHILOSOPHY OF MIND: THE MIND-BODY PROBLEM
- IV.A. WHAT AM I? A MIND OR A BODY?
- 27. Rene Descartes: Dualistic Interactionism
- 28. Gilbert Ryle: Exorcising Descartes' "Ghost in the Machine"
- 29. J.P. Moreland: A Contemporary Defense of Dualism
- 30. Paul Churchland: On Functionalism and Materialism
- 31. Thomas Nagel: What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
- 32. John Searle: Minds, Brains, and Computers
- IV.B. WHO AM I? DO WE HAVE PERSONAL IDENTITY?
- 33. John Locke: Our Psychological Properties Define the Self
- 34. David Hume: We Have No Substantial Self with Which We Are Identical
- 35. Derek Parfit and Godfrey Vesey: Brain Transplants and Personal Identity: A Dialogue
- IV.C. IS THERE LIFE AFTER DEATH? AM I IMMORTAL?
- 36. Plato: Arguments for the Immortality of the Soul
- 37. Paul Edwards: An Argument Against Survival: The Dependence of Consciousness on the Brain
- 38. John Hick: In Defense of Immortality
- V. FREEDOM OF THE WILL AND DETERMINISM
- 39. Baron D'Holbach: We Are Completely Determined
- 40. Corliss Lamont: Freedom of the Will and Human Responsibility
- 41. W.T. Stace: Compatibilism
- 42. Richard Taylor: Fate
- VI. ETHICS
- VI.A. ARE THERE ANY MORAL ABSOLUTES OR IS MORALITY COMPLETELY RELATIVE?
- 43. Ruth Benedict: Morality Is Relative
- 44. James Rachels: Morality Is Not Relative
- VI.B. ETHICS AND EGOISM: WHY SHOULD WE BE MORAL?
- 45. Plato: Why Should I Be Moral?: Gyges' Ring and Socrates' Dilemma
- 46. Ayn Rand: In Defense of Ethical Egoism
- 47. Louis Pojman: A Critique of Ethical Egoism
- VI.C. WHICH IS THE CORRECT ETHICAL THEORY?
- 48. Aristotle: The Ethics of Virtue
- 49. Immanuel Kant: The Moral Law
- 50. John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism
- 51. Jean-Paul Sartre: Existentialist Ethics
- VII. POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
- WHAT IS THE JUSTIFICATION OF POLITICAL AUTHORITY?
- 52. Robert Paul Wolff: In Defense of Anarchism
- 53. Thomas Hobbes: The Absolutist Answer
- 54. John Locke: The Democratic Answer
- 55. John Stuart Mill: A Classical Liberal Answer
- 56. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: The Communist Answer
- 57. Brian Barry: A Cosmopolitan Theory of International Society
- VIII. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF LIFE?
- 58. Epicurus: Moderate Hedonism
- 59. Epictetus: Stoicism: Enchiridion
- 60. Albert Camus: Life is Absurd
- 61. Lois Hope Walker: Religion Gives Meaning to Life
- 62. Thomas Nagel: The Absurd
- 63. Bertrand Russell: Reflections on Suffering
- IX. PHILOSOPHY IN ACTION
- IX.A. IS ABORTION MORALLY PERMISSIBLE?
- 64. John T. Noonan, Jr.: Abortion Is Not Morally Permissible
- 65. Mary Anne Warren: Abortion Is Morally Permissible
- 66. Jane English: The Moderate Position: Beyond the Personhood Argument
- IX.B. IS THE DEATH PENALTY MORALLY PERMISSIBLE?
- 67. Thurgood Marshall: The Death Penalty Is a Denial of Human Dignity
- 68. Burton Leiser: The Death Penalty Is Permissible
- 69. Hugo Adam Bedau: No, the Death Penalty Is Not Morally Permissible
- IX.C. DO ANIMALS HAVE RIGHTS?
- 70. Peter Singer: The Case for Animal Liberation
- 71. Carl Cohen: The Case Against Animal Rights
- IX.D. IS AFFIRMATIVE ACTION MORALLY JUSTIFIED?
- 72. Albert Mosley: The Case for Affirmative Action
- 73. Louis P. Pojman: The Case Against Affirmative Action
- Appendix: How to Read and Write a Philosophy Paper
- Glossary
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