Introduction to organic geochemistry
著者
書誌事項
Introduction to organic geochemistry
Blackwell Pub., c2005
2nd ed
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
"An Introduction to Organic Geochemistry" explores the fate of organic matter of all types, biogenic and man-made, in the Earth System. It investigates the variety of pathways and biogeochemical transformations that carbon compounds can experience over a range of time scales and in different environments. The scope of this second edition has been widened to provide a broad and up-to-date background. The authors have structured the text to accommodate readers with varied scientific backgrounds. Essential terminology is defined fully and boxes are used to explain concepts introduced from other disciplines. Further study is aided by the incorporation of carefully selected literature references. Geology, geochemistry and environmental science undergraduates and postgraduates, as well as students of ecology and oceanography, will find this text an essential introduction to organic geochemistry. Petroleum geologists will also find it an invaluable source of information.
Key topics covered include: the global carbon cycle and related elemental cycles; evolution of life and its influence on the carbon cycle through Earth history; production and chemical composition of biogenic matter; degradation vs. preservation of sedimentary organic matter in various environments; biological and thermal alteration in sediment, soil and water column; molecular and isotopic stratigraphy; greenhouse gases and palaeoclimatic variation; man's influence on biogeochemical cycles and global climate change; and factors affecting the behaviour of pollutants in the environment.
目次
Preface 1 Carbon, the Earth and life: 1.1 Carbon and the basic requirements of life1.2 Chemical elements, simple compounds and their origins1.3 The origin of life1.4 Evolution of life and the atmosphere1.5 Major contributors to sedimentary organic matter 2 Chemical composition of biogenic matter: 2.1 Structure of natural products2.2 Carbohydrates2.3 Amino acids and proteins2.4 Lipids2.5 Lignins, tannins and related compounds2.6 Nucleotides and nucleic acids2.7 Geochemical implicatiions of compositional variation 3 Production, preservation and degradation of organic matter: 3.1 How and why organic-rich deposits form3.2 Controls on primary production3.3 Preservation and degradation of organic matter3.4 Depositional environments associated with accumulation of organic matter 4 Long-term fate of organic matter in the geosphere: 4.1 Diagenesis4.2 Humic material4.3 Coal4.4 Kerogen4.5 Catagenesis and metagenesis4.6 Temporal and geographical distribution of fossil organic carbon 5 Chemical stratigraphy 5.1 Biologically mediated transformations5.2 Examples of source indicators in recent sediments5.3 Diagenesis at the molecular level5.4 Source and environment indicators in ancient sediments and oil5.5 Thermal maturity and molecular transformations5.6 Palaeotemperature and age measurement5.7 Maturity of ancient sedimentary organic matter5.8 Isotopic palaeontology 6 The carbon cycle and climate 6.1 Global carbon cycle6.2 Changes in carbon reservoirs over geological time6.3 Palaeoclimatic variations6.4 Isotopic excursions at period boundaries6.5 Human influence on the carbon cycle 7 Anthropogenic carbon and the environment 7.1 Introduction7.2 Halocarbons7.3 Hydrocarbon pollution in aquatic environments7.4 Endocrine disrupting chemicals7.5 Environmental behaviour of selected xenobiotic compounds7.6 Factors affecting the rate of anthropogenic components Appendix 1: SI units usedAppendix 2: SI unit prefixesAppendix 3: Geological timescaleReferencesIndex
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