CiNii 図書 - Earth science

For introductory courses in Earth Science in departments of Geology, Geography, Atmospheric Sciences, and Education. The eleventh edition of Earth Science offers a user-friendly overview of our physical environment with balanced, up-to-date coverage of geology, oceanography, astronomy, and meteorology for the undergraduate student with little background in science. The emphasis is on readability, with clear example-driven explanations. The eleventh edition takes full advantage of the subject's visual appeal, with discussions reinforced by incredible color photos and superb illustrations by Earth science illustrator Dennis Tasa.

1. Introduction to Earth Science What Is Earth Science? Earth Science, People, and the Environment The Nature of Scientific Inquiry Scales of Space and Time in Earth Science Early Evolution of Earth's Spheres A Closer Look at the Geosphere Earth As a System Box 1.1 Earth As a System: Earth's Place in the Cosmos Box 1.2 Understanding Earth: Studying Earth from Space UNIT 1: EARTH MATERIALS 2. Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Minerals: The Building Blocks of Rocks Elements: The Building Blocks of Minerals Why Atoms Bond Properties of Minerals Mineral Groups Mineral Resources Box 2.1 People and the Environment: Making Glass from Minerals Box 2.2 Understanding Earth: Gemstones 3. Rocks: Materials of the Solid Earth Earth As a System: The Rock Cycle Igneous Rocks: "Formed by Fire" Sedimentary Rocks: Compacted and Cemented Sediment Metamorphic Rocks: New Rock from Old Resources from Rocks and Minerals Box 3.1 Earth As a System: The Carbon Cycle and Sedimentary Rocks Box 3.2 People and the Environment: United States Per Capita Use of Mineral and Energy Resources UNIT 2: SCULPTURING EARTH'S SURFACE 4. Weathering, Soil, and Mass Wasting Earth's External Processes Weathering Mechanical Weathering Chemical Weathering Rates of Weathering Soil Controls of Soil Formation The Soil Profile Classifying Soils Soil Erosion Weathering Creates Ore Deposits Mass Wasting: The Work of Gravity Mass Wasting and Landform Development Controls and Triggers of Mass Wasting Classifying Mass-Wasting Processes Slump Rockslide Debris Flow Earthflow Slow Movements Box 4.1 Understanding Earth: The Old Man of the Mountain Box 4.2 People and the Environment: Debris Flows on Alluvial Fans: A Case Study from Venezuela 5: Running Water and Groundwater Earth as a System: The Hydrologic Cycle Running Water Streamflow The Work of Running Water Stream Channels Base Level and Stream Erosion Shaping Stream Valleys Depositional Landforms Drainage Patterns Floods and Flood Control Groundwater: Water Beneath the Surface Distribution and Movement of Groundwater Groundwater Springs Wells Artesian Wells Environmental Problems Associated with Groundwater The Geologic Work of Groundwater Box 5.1 People and the Environment: Flash Floods Box 5.2 Understanding Earth: Measuring Groundwater Movement Box 5.3 People and the Environment: The Case of the Disappearing Lake 6. Glaciers, Deserts, and Wind Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles in the Earth System How Glaciers Move Glacial Erosion Glacial Deposits Glaciers of the Ice Age Some Indirect Effects of Ice Age Glaciers Causes of Glaciation Deserts Geologic Processes in Arid Climates Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Desert Landscape Wind Erosion Wind Deposits Box 6.1 Understanding Earth: Glacial Ice-A Storehouse of Climate Data Box 6.2 People and the Environment: The Disappearing Aral Sea UNIT 3: FORCES WITHIN 7. Earthquakes and Earth's Interior What Is an Earthquake? San Andreas Fault: An Active Earthquake Zone Seismology: The Study of Earthquake Waves Locating an Earthquake Measuring the Size of Earthquakes Destruction from Earthquakes Can Earthquakes Be Predicted? Earth's Layered Structure Box 7.1 People and the Environment: Damaging Earthquakes East of the Rockies Box 7.2 Understanding Earth: Inge Lehmann: A Pioneering Seismologist 8. Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Theory Unfolds Continental Drift: An Idea Before Its Time The Great Debate Plate Tectonics: The New Paradigm Divergent Boundaries Convergent Boundaries Transform Fault Boundaries Testing the Plate Tectonics Model Measuring Plate Motion What Drives Plate Motion? Plate Tectonics into the Future Box 8.1 Understanding Earth: The Breakup of Pangaea Box 8.2 Understanding Earth: Susan DeBari-A Career in Geology 9. Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions What Is Extruded During Eruptions? Volcanic Structures and Eruptive Styles Living in the Shadow of a Composite Cone Other Volcanic Landforms Intrusive Igneous Activity Origin of Magma Plate Tectonics and Igneous Activity Box 9.1 People and the Environment: Eruption of Vesuvius a.d. 79 Box 9.2 Earth As a System: Can Volcanoes Change Earth's Climate? 10. Mountain Building Rock Deformation Folds Faults Joints Mountain Building Mountain Building at Subduction Zones Collisional Mountain Ranges Fault-Block Mountains Vertical Movements of the Crust Box 10.1 People and the Environment: The San Andreas Fault System UNIT 4: DECIPHERING EARTH'S HISTORY 11. Geologic Time Geology Needs a Time Scale A Brief History of Geology Relative Dating-Key Principles Correlation of Rock Layers Fossils: Evidence of Past Life Dating with Radioactivity The Geologic Time Scale Difficulties in Dating the Geologic Time Scale Box 11.1 Understanding Earth: Deciphering the Past by Understanding the Present Box 11.2 People and the Environment: Radon-A Threat to Human Health Box 11.3 Understanding Earth: Using Tree Rings to Date and Study the Recent Past 12. Earth's History: A Brief Summary Precambrian Time: Vast and Enigmatic Paleozoic Era: Life Explodes Mesozoic Era: Age of the Dinosaurs Cenozoic Era: Age of Mammals Box 12.1 Understanding Earth: The Burgess Shale Box 12.2 Earth As a System: Demise of the Dinosaurs UNIT 5: THE GLOBAL OCEAN 13. The Ocean Floor The Vast World Ocean An Emerging Picture of the Ocean Floor Continental Margins The Ocean Basin Floor The Oceanic Ridge Seafloor Sediments Resources from the Seafloor Box 13.1 Understanding Earth: A Grand Break-Evidence for Turbidity Currents Box 13.2 Understanding Earth: Explaining Coral Atolls-Darwin's Hypothesis Box 13.3 Understanding Earth: Collecting Geologic History from the Deep-Ocean Floor 14. Ocean Water and Ocean Life Composition of Seawater Ocean Temperature Variation Ocean Density Variation The Diversity of Ocean Life Oceanic Productivity Oceanic Feeding Relationships Box 14.1 People and the Environment: Desalination of Seawater-Fresh Water from the Sea Box 14.2 Earth As a System: Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Biocommunities-Earth's First Life? Box 14.3 People and the Environment: The Iron Hypothesis-Fertilizing the Ocean to Reduce Global Warming 15. The Dynamic Ocean Surface Circulation Deep-Ocean Circulation The Shoreline: A Dynamic Interface The Coastal Zone Waves Wave Erosion Sand Movement on the Beach Shoreline Features Stabilizing the Shore Coastal Classification Tides Box 15.1 Understanding Earth: Running Shoes as Drift Meters-Just Do It Box 15.2 People and the Environment: The Move of the Century-Relocating the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse 16 The Atmosphere: Composition, Structure, and Temperature Weather and Climate Composition of the Atmosphere Height and Structure of the Atmosphere Earth-Sun Relationships Energy, Heat and Temperature Mechanisms of Heat Transfer The Fate of Incoming Solar Radiation Heating the Atmosphere: The Greenhouse Effect For the Record: Air Temperature Data Why Temperatures Vary: The Controls of Temperature World Distribution of Temperature Box 16.1 People and the Environment: Altering the Atmosphere's Composition-Sources and Types of Air Pollution Box 16.2 People and the Environment: Ozone Depletion-A Global Issue Box 16.3 Understanding Earth: Blue Skies and Red Sunsets 17 Moisture, Clouds, and Precipitation Water's Changes of State Humidity: Water Vapor in the Atmosphere The Basis of Cloud Formation: Adiabatic Cooling Processes that Lift Air The Weathermaker: Atmospheric Stability Condensation and Cloud Formation Fog How Precipitation Forms Coalescence Process Forms of Precipitation Measuring Precipitation Box 17.1 People and the Environment: Atmospheric Stability and Air Pollution Box 17.2 Understanding Earth: Science and Serendipity 18. Air Pressure and Wind Understanding Air Pressure Measuring Air Pressure Factors Affecting Wind Highs and Lows General Circulation of the Atmosphere The Westerlies Local Winds How Wind Is Measured El Nino and La Nina (Please insert tildes over "n"s) Global Distribution of Precipitation Box 18.1 People and the Environment: Wind Energy-An Alternative with Potential Box 18.2 Understanding Earth: Monitoring Ocean Winds from Space 19. Weather Patterns and Severe Storms Air Masses Fronts The Middle-Latitude Cyclone What's In a Name? Thunderstorms Tornadoes Hurricanes Box 19.1 Understanding Earth: A Brief Overview of the Weather Business Box 19.2 People and the Environment: Lightning Safety 20. Climate The Climate System World Climates Climate Classification Humid Tropical (A) Climates Dry (B) Climates Humid Middle-Latitude Climates with Mild Winters (C Climates) Humid Middle-Latitude Climates with Severe Winters (D Climates) Polar (E) Climates Highland Climates Human Impact on Global Climate Carbon Dioxide, Trace Gases, and Global Warming Climate-Feedback Mechanisms How Aerosols Influence Climate Some Possible Consequences of Global Warming Box 20.1 Understanding Earth: Computer Models of Climate: Important Yet Imperfect Tools UNIT 7: EARTH'S PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE 21. Origin of Modern Astronomy Ancient Astronomy The Birth of Modern Astronomy Constellations Positions in the Sky Motions of Earth Motions of the Earth-Moon System Box 21.1 Understanding Earth: Foucault's Experiment Box 21.2 Understanding Earth: Astrology-The Forerunner of Astronomy 22. Touring Our Solar System The Planets: An Overview Earth's Moon The Planets: A Brief Tour Minor Members of the Solar System Box 22.1 Understanding Earth: Pathfinder-The First Geologist on Mars Box 22.2 Earth As a System: Is Earth on a Collision Course? 23. Light, Astronomical Observations, and the Sun The Study of Light Astronomical Tools The Sun Box 23.1 Understanding Earth: The Largest Optical Telescopes Box 23.2 Earth As a System: Variable Sun and Climatic Change 24. Beyond Our Solar System Properties of Stars Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Variable Stars Interstellar Matter Stellar Evolution Stellar Remnants The Milky Way Galaxy Red Shifts The Big Bang Box 24.1 Understanding Earth: Determining Distance from Magnitude Box 24.2 Understanding Earth: Supernova 1987A Box 24.3 Earth As a System: From Stardust to You Appendix A: Metric and English Units Compared Appendix B: Earth's Grid System Appendix C: World Soils Appendix D: Relative Humidity and Dew Point Tables Appendix E: Landforms on the Conterminous United States Glossary Index

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