The English language : a linguistic history

著者

書誌事項

The English language : a linguistic history

Laurel J. Brinton & Leslie K. Arnovick

Oxford University Press, 2006

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注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. [507]-516) and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Starting from its Indo-European past, this title surveys the development of the English language. Beginning with a discussion of how language changes, it examines historical change in English from its Indo-European start through its major periods (Old English, Middle English, Early Modern English, and Modern English).

目次

  • List of Tables
  • List of Figures
  • List of Sample Texts
  • Acknowledgements
  • Preface
  • Introduction
  • Text Overview
  • Note on Punctuation
  • Abbreviations
  • Chapter 1: Studying the History of English
  • Reasons for Studying the History of English
  • A Definition of Language
  • The Components of Language
  • Linguistic Change in English
  • The Periods of English
  • An Example of Linguistic Change
  • The Nature of Linguistic Change
  • The Inevitability of Change
  • The Arbitrary Nature of the Linguistic Sign
  • The Origin of Language
  • Attitudes Toward Linguistic Change
  • Linguistic Corruption
  • Prescriptivism vs. Descriptivism
  • Resources for Studying the History of English
  • Chapter 2: The Sounds and Writing of English
  • The Sounds of English
  • The Phonetic Alphabet
  • The Phoneme
  • The Production of Speech
  • Consonants
  • The Consonants of English
  • Vowels
  • The Vowels of English
  • Stress
  • The Writing of English
  • The History of Writing
  • The Origin of the Alphabet
  • Chapter 3: Causes and Mechanisms of Language Change
  • Causes of Change
  • Internal
  • External
  • Mechanisms of Change
  • Phonological Change
  • Determining Sounds from Written Records
  • The Nature of Sound Change
  • Types of Sound Change
  • Morphological and Syntactic Change
  • Analogy
  • Grammaticalization
  • Conservative and Innovative Changes
  • Semantic Change
  • Types of Semantic Change
  • Some Generalizations About Semantic Change
  • Chapter 4: Indo-European
  • Classification of Languages
  • Typological Classification
  • Genealogical Classification
  • Language Families
  • The Indo-European Language Family
  • The Discovery of Indo-European
  • The Branches of Indo-European
  • Proto-Language
  • Reconstruction
  • Proto-Indo-European
  • Linguistic Features
  • Society
  • Homeland
  • Nostratic Theory
  • Chapter 5: Germanic and the Development of Old English
  • Proto-Germanic
  • Grammatical and Lexical Changes from PIE to Germanic
  • Phonological Changes from PIE to Germanic
  • First Sound Shift
  • Accent Shift and Ordering of Changes
  • Vowel Changes
  • Second Sound Shift and Mechanisms of Change
  • A Brief History of Anglo-Saxon England
  • The Germanic Settlement of England
  • The Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons
  • The Scandinavian Invasions of England
  • The Records of the Anglo-Saxons
  • The Dialects of Old English
  • The Written Records of Old English
  • Chapter 6: The Sounds and Words of Old English
  • The Orthographic System of Old English
  • The Phonological System of Old English
  • Consonants
  • Vowels
  • Sound Changes
  • The Word Stock of the Anglo-Saxons
  • Core Germanic Vocabulary
  • Borrowing in Old English
  • Word Formation in Old English
  • Stress
  • Chapter 7: The Grammar of Old English
  • The Nominal System
  • The Grammatical Categories of the Noun
  • Pronouns
  • Nouns
  • Demonstratives, Adjectives, and Adverbs
  • Agreement
  • Case Usage
  • The Verbal System
  • Verb Classes
  • The Grammatical Categories of the Verb
  • Inflectional Endings of the Verb
  • Syntax
  • Verbal Periphrases
  • Word Order
  • Chapter 8: The Rise of the Middle English: Words and Sounds
  • French and English in Medieval England
  • The Norman Conquest
  • The Establishment of French
  • The Re-establishment of English
  • The Word Stock of Middle English
  • French Influence
  • Latin Influence
  • The Written Records of Middle English
  • Middle English Dialects
  • Middle English Literature
  • Orthographic Changes
  • Consonant Changes
  • Vowel Changes
  • Qualitative Changes
  • Quantitative Changes
  • Chapter 9: The Grammar of Middle English and Rise of a Written Standard
  • Vowel Reduction and its Effects
  • Grammatical Developments in Middle English
  • Adjectives and Nouns
  • Pronouns
  • Loss of Grammatical Gender
  • Verbs
  • Syntax
  • Change from Synthetic to Analytic
  • Middle English as a Creole?
  • The Rise of a Standard Dialect
  • Chapter 10: The Sounds and Inflections of Early Modern English
  • The Great Vowel Shift
  • Nature of the Shift
  • Details of the Shift
  • Changes in the Short Vowels and Diphthongs
  • Changes in Consonants
  • Renaissance Respellings
  • Changes in Nominal Inflected Forms
  • Nouns
  • Pronouns
  • Case Usage
  • Changes in Verbal Inflected Forms
  • Verb Classes
  • Inflectional Endings
  • Chapter 11: Early Modern English Verbal Constructions and 18th Century Prescriptivism
  • Early Modern English Syntax
  • Reflexive and Impersonal Verbs
  • The Subjunctive and the Modal Auxiliaries
  • Verbal Periphrases
  • Do
  • Word Order
  • The Rise of Prescriptivism
  • Renaissance Concerns About the Language
  • Social, Linguistic, and Philosophical Reasons for Prescriptivism
  • Important Prescriptive Grammarians of the 18th Century
  • Aims of the 18th Century Grammarians
  • Ascertainment
  • An Academy
  • Methods of the 18th Century Grammarians
  • Authority
  • Model of Latin
  • Etymology
  • Reason
  • The Question of Usage
  • Dictionaries
  • Chapter 12: Modern English
  • Grammatical Changes Since Early Modern English
  • Modern Borrowings
  • The Oxford English Dictionary
  • The Development of National Varieties
  • British versus North American English
  • Canadian English
  • Australian and New Zealand English
  • African English
  • Caribbean English
  • Important Regional Varieties
  • English in the British Isles
  • English in the United States
  • Changes in Progress
  • Neologisms
  • Grammatical Changes
  • Glossary of Linguistic Terms
  • References

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