Sociology

著者

• Turner, Jonathan H.

書誌事項

Sociology

Jonathan H. Turner

Pearson Prentice Hall, c2006

注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. 395-412) and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

For one-quarter/semester Introductory Sociology courses at 4-year schools. With a straight-forward, one-color presentation, Jonathan Turner offers the most comprehensive and theoretical introduction to sociology. This format allows students to read and focus on what is most important . The extensive table of contents offers choices when considering the material to be covered in a typical course in a modular, yet integrated way. With uncommon depth and breadth of coverage, Sociology covers the most important key concepts and ideas from the world of sociology.

目次

TABLE OF CONTENTS Prologue: Gaining Perspective from a Timeline of Human Society PART I: THE SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION Chapter 1: The Origins and Nature of Sociology Auguste Comte Harriet Martineau Sociology and the Enlightenment Herbert Spencer Emile Durkheim Karl Marx Max Weber The Early American Tradition George Herbert Mead The Chicago School of Sociology and its Competitors The Early Emphasis on Sociological Practice Jane Adams and Hull House William E. B. Du Bois The Study of Sociology Today Chapter 2: The Scientific Method and Sociology The Nature of Science Methods in Sociology Experiments Surveys Observations Histories Does Science Take Away Humanism? Scientific Sociology and Social Practice Chapter 3: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Problems in Developing Scientific Theories Theoretical Orientations in Sociology Functional Theorizing Evolutionary Theories Ecological Theories Conflict Theories Critical Theories Postmodern Theories Interactionist Theories Utilitarian Theories The State of Theory in Sociology PART II: BASIC ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATION Chapter 4: Biology Natural Selection as a Driving Force The Evolution of Primates The Biological Parameters of Human Organization The Consequences of Visual Dominance The Consequences of Having a Large Brain The Consequences of Being Bi-pedal Human Nature Human Biological Capacities Large Brains and Culture The Brain and Emotions The Brain and Vision The Brain and Language The Body and Culture Human Biology and Behavioral Propensities Sex and Behavior Human Sociality Reciprocity Attention to Face Attention to Emotions Rationality Nature vs. Nurture Chapter 5: Culture A World of Symbols Symbols and Society Systems of Symbols Language Technology Values Beliefs Norms Stocks of Knowledge Cultural Variations Cultural Conflict Subcultures Cultural Contradictions Ethnocentrism Culture and Media Chapter 6: Social Structure Basic Building Blocks of Social Structure Positions Roles Status-sets Role-sets Role-Strain and Role-Conflict Networks of Positions Dimensions of Structure Types of Social Structures Corporate Units Encounters Groups Organizations Communities Categoric Structures Stratification Systems Institutional Systems Societies Inter-societal Systems Levels of Social Structure The Power of Social Structure Summary Key Terms Chapter 7: Social Interaction Symbolic Interaction The Dramatic Presentation of Self The Implicit Use of Folk Methods Interaction in Roles Interaction with Reference Groups Interaction and the Social Order Summary Key Terms Chapter 8: Socialization Socialization and Society The Process of Socialization Stages of Socialization Socialization into Early Adulthood Adult Socialization Agents of Socialization Individuals Groups Organizations Categories Community Media Institutional Spheres Stability and Change in the Social Order Chapter 9: Social Control The Problem of Order Forces of Disorder Population Size Differentiation Inequality Macro Forces of Social Control: Markets and Government Micro-level Forces of Social Control Socialization Sanctioning Rituals Segregation of Activities Meso-level Forces of Social Control Organizations Communities Deviance The Functional Theory of Structural Strain The Conflict Perspective on Deviance Interactionist Approaches to Deviance Utilitarian Theories of Deviance Summary Key Terms PART III: TYPES OF SOCIAL STRUCTURES: CORPORATE UNITS Chapter 10: Encounters Focused Encounters Rituals Forms of Talk Frames Categorization Body Language Emotions Roles Self and Identity Props Demography and Ecology The Person, Culture, and Social Structure Unfocused Encounters Chapter 11: Groups The Power of Groups Primary and Secondary Groups The Effects of Group Size Size and the Changing Structure of the Group The Respective Power of Primary and Secondary Groups Group Dynamics Leadership Decision-making Cohesiveness and Solidarity Free Riding Clique and Subgroup Formation Expectation States Referencing and Reference Groups Virtual Groups Bottlenecks Chapter 12: Organizations Max Weber's Ideal Type of Formal Organizations Types of Formal Organizations The Ecology of Organizations The Internal Dynamics of Organizations The Informal System Authority Authority and Conflict Tasks and Authority Control and Authority Organizational Culture Problems of Personnel Parkinson's Law The "Peter Principle" Ritualism Alienation The Changing Structure of Formal Organizations Pressures from Technology Pressures from Globalization Hyperrationality Chapter 13: Communities Urbanization Agriculture and Urbanization Industrialization and Urbanization Early Studies of City Life The Chicago School and Urban Ecology The Study of Urban Life Suburbanization The Emergence of Suburbs Studies of Suburban Life Early Studies of Suburban Life Later Studies of Suburban Life Exurbia Metropolitan Regions New Urban Trends Resettlement of the Core City Mega and World Cities PART IV: TYPES OF SOCIAL STRUCTUES: STRATIFICATION OF CATEGORIC UNITS Chapter 14: Class Stratification Stratification What is Class Stratification? Analyzing Stratification Karl Marx on Stratification Max Weber on Stratification The Functional Theory of Stratification Evolutionary Theories of Stratification Class Systems Pierre Bourdieu's Analysis of "Distinction" The Class System and Public Behavior Class Stratification in America Inequalities of Resources Class Formation Poverty in America Summary Key Terms Chapter 15: Ethnic Stratification Race and Ethnicity Race as a Social Construct Prejudice and Discrimination The Dynamics of Ethnic Stratification The Relative Resources of Ethnic Populations The Identifiability of an Ethnic Population The Level and Type of Discrimination The Degree of Threat Posed by an Ethnic Population Prejudicial Beliefs about an Ethnic Population A Model of Ethnic Antagonism Ethnic Discrimination in America Native Americans African Americans Latinos Mexican-Americans Puerto Ricans Cuban Americans Asian Americans White Americans The United States as a Multi-ethnic Society Chapter 16: Gender Stratification Sex and Gender Explanations for Gender Stratification Sociobiological Theories Functional Theories Conflict Theories Interactionist Theories A General Model of Gender Stratification Gender Stratification in America The Cycles of the Gender Stratification System The Feminist Movement PART V: INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEMS Chapter 17: Economy Basic Elements of All Economies Technology Labor Capital Entrepreneurship Types of Economies Hunting and Gathering Economies Horticultural Economies Agrarian Economies Industrial Economies Post-industrial Economies Trends in Post-industrial Economies The Reorganization of Production The Production of Services The Expansion of Markets Hyperdifferentiation Hyperrationality Post-industrial Economies: An Overview The American Economy Oligopoly Multinationalization of Corporations Declining Union Membership Professionalization Government and the Economy Growing Inequality Increasing Risk for Workers Chapter 18: Government The Emergence of Polity Basic Elements of All Polities The Bases of Power The Coercive Base of Power The Symbolic Base of Power The Administrative Base of Power The Material Incentive Base of Power The Rise of the State Trends in Governmental Organization The Growing Scale of Government The Bureaucratization of Government Centralization of Government The Importance of Law The Increasing Reliance on Material Incentives The Decline in Coercive Repression Democratization Government in America The Structure of American Government The Growth in Government Government and Taxation Problems and Dilemmas in American Governance Is There A Power Elite? Voting and Political Power Legislative Decision-making Centralization of Power Americans' Ambivalence about Government Chapter 19: Kinship and Family Explanations of Kinship Sociobiological Explanations Functional Explanations Basic Elements of Kinship Marriage Rules Descent Rules Residence Rules Rules of Family Size and Composition Rules on the Division of Labor Rules of Authority Rules of Dissolution Historical Trends in the Structure of Kinship From Relative Equality Toward Growing Inequality and Patriarchy A Conflict Perspective on Family Kinship in America The Basic Structure Romantic Love and Marriage Divorce and Dissolution in American Families Single-parent Households Family Violence An Empty Nest Syndrome? Emerging Alternative Families Gay and Lesbian Couples Cohabitation Families without Children Being Single The Future of the Family in America Chapter 20: Religion Basic Elements of Religion The Sacred and Profane Beliefs and Values Rituals Cult Structures The Evolution of Religion Religion in Simple Hunting-gathering Societies The Elaboration of Religion The Trend Toward Simplification of Religions A Conflict Perspective on Religion Religion in America The History of Religion in America The Ecology of Religion in America Religious Conflict in America Religiosity in America Social Characteristic of Religious Memberships Religion and Income Religion and Education Religion and Family Religion and Politics Race, Ethnicity, and Religion Chapter 21: Education The Emergence of Formal Education Explaining the Dynamics of Education A Functionalist Explanation The Conflict Theory Corrective to Functional Analysis A Further Corrective from an Interactionist Perspective The Structure of Educational Systems Education in America The Structure of Lower American Education Mass Education Education and Democracy Decentralization Privatization Home Schooling Year-Round Schooling Higher Education in America The Scale of the System The Diversity of the System The Research Mission Students in the System Enduring Problems and Dilemmas of Lower Education Schools and Stratification Discipline and Violence School Finances Vouchers and School Choice Declining Academic Standards Enduring Problems in Higher Education Credentialism Funding Teaching vs. Research Corporatization Affirmative Action, Diversity, and Equity PART VI: SOCIAL CHANGE AND TRANSFORMATION Chapter 22: Social Movements Preconditions of Social Movements Conditions Leading to the Emergence of a Social Movement Conditions Increasing Participation in Social Movements The Intensification of Dissent Social Networks and Recruiting Members Justifying Movement Participation: Beliefs and Frames Resources and Social Movement Organizations Collective Behavior Theoretical Approaches to Crowd Behavior Types of Crowds The Context of Crowd Behavior Social Movements and Change The Aftermath of Dissent Chapter 23: Revolution, War, and Terrorism Collective Violence in Societies Revolutions Civil Wars War A Brief History of Warfare Modern Warfare The Consequences of Mass Violence The Aftermath of Mass Violence The Effects of War and War Preparedness Terrorism Is Terrorism Increasing? Explaining Terrorism World System Dynamics and Terrorism Chapter 24: Globalization Forces of Globalization Technological Innovations Warfare and the State Markets Problems with Globalization Outsourcing and the Loss of Jobs Stalled Development Environmental Degradation World Inequality World-level Misery Determining the Level of World Inequality Trends in Inequality Problems Posed by World Inequality Malthusian Problems Geopolitical Problems Geoeconomic Problems Explaining Global Inequality Modernization Approaches Dependency Approaches World Systems Approaches Factors Favoring or Retarding Economic Growth Chapter 25: Population and Ecology Population and Demography Population Size and Growth The Demographic Transition Characteristics of the Population Population Movements Ecology and the Environment Ecosystem Processes Ecological Disruption Population, Pollution, and Sociocultural Organization Glossary Index

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詳細情報

• NII書誌ID(NCID): BA80638945
• ISBN:
  • 0131134965
• LCCN: 2005016533
• 出版国コード: us
• タイトル言語コード: eng
• 本文言語コード: eng
• 出版地: Upper Saddle River, N.J.
• ページ数/冊数: xiv, 418 p.
• 大きさ: 26 cm
• 分類:
  • LCC : HM586
  • DC22 : 301
• 件名:
  • LCSH : Sociology