Fundamentals of turbomachinery
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書誌事項
Fundamentals of turbomachinery
J. Wiley, c2008
- : [hard]
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
A comprehensive introduction to turbomachines and their applications
With up-to-date coverage of all types of turbomachinery for students and practitioners, Fundamentals of Turbomachinery covers machines from gas, steam, wind, and hydraulic turbines to simple pumps, fans, blowers, and compressors used throughout industry. After reviewing the history of turbomachinery and the fluid mechanical principles involved in their design and operation, the book focuses on the application and selection of machines for various uses, teaching basic theory as well as how to select the right machine for a specific use.
With a practical emphasis on engineering applications of turbomachines, this book discusses the full range of both turbines and pumping devices. For each type, the author explains:
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Basic principles
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Preliminary design procedure
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Ideal performance characteristics
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Actual performance curves published by the manufacturers
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Application and appropriate selection of the machine
Throughout, worked sample problems illustrate the principles discussed and end-of-chapter problems, employing both SI and the English system of units, provide practice to help solidify the reader's grasp of the material.
目次
Preface ix
Symbols xi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Definition 1
1.2 Types of Turbomachines 1
1.3 Applications of Turbomachines 3
1.4 Performance Characteristics 6
1.5 Method of Analysis 8
1.6 Historical Evolution of Turbomachines 12
1.7 Organization of the Book 14
References 16
2 Dimensional Analysis 17
2.1 Dimensions and Dimensional Homogeneity 17
2.2 Buckingham Pi Theorem 19
2.3 Other Nondimensional Parameters for Turbomachines 25
2.4 Similarity Laws 27
References 32
Problems 32
3 Energy Transfer in Turbomachines 34
3.1 Review of Fluid Mechanics Related to Turbomachinery 34
3.2 Energy in Flowing Fluids 39
3.3 Euler Equation 40
3.4 Equations for Axial-Flow Machines 45
3.5 Equations for Mixed- and Radial-Flow Machines 47
3.6 Degree of Reaction 50
References 56
Problems 56
4 Centrifugal Pumps 59
4.1 Basic Construction and Classification 59
4.2 Basic Working Principles 60
4.3 Performance Characteristics 65
4.4 Cavitation 66
4.5 Performance Modifications 72
4.6 Preliminary Design Procedure 77
4.7 Pump Performance Tests 87
4.8 Pumping Systems 92
4.9 Pump Applications 97
4.10 Pump Selection 100
References 105
Problems 106
5 Axial-Flow Pumps and Fans 109
5.1 Introduction 109
5.2 Flow over Isolated Airfoil 110
5.3 Axial-Flow Cascade 116
5.4 Preliminary Design Procedure 118
5.5 Three-Dimensional Flow Effects: Radial Equilibrium Requirement 124
5.6 Fan Test 127
5.7 Fan Application 129
5.8 Fans and Systems 133
5.9 Fan Selection 137
5.10 Propellers 145
References 146
Problems 147
6 Centrifugal Fans, Blowers, and Compressors 149
6.1 Classification 149
6.2 Performance Parameters and Characteristics 150
6.3 Change of Performance 158
6.4 Polytropic Efficiency 162
6.5 Preliminary Design of Centrifugal Fans 165
6.6 Preliminary Design of Centrifugal Compressors 171
6.7 Application of Centrifugal Compressors 179
6.8 Selection of Compressors 184
References 188
Problems 189
7 Axial-Flow Compressors 191
7.1 Introduction 191
7.2 Basic Theory 193
7.3 Preliminary Design of Compressor Stage 200
7.4 Determination of Stage Efficiency 204
7.5 Effects of Compressibility and Shock Waves 205
7.6 Axial-Flow Compressor Stage Performance 207
7.7 Surge and Stall in Compressor and Remedies 209
References 212
Problems 212
8 Gas Turbines 215
8.1 Introduction 215
8.2 Thermodynamics of Axial-Flow Turbine 218
8.3 Degree of Reaction 219
8.4 Preliminary Design Procedure for Turbine Stage 223
8.5 Determination of Turbine Stage Efficiency 226
8.6 Axial-Flow Turbine Performance 227
8.7 Compressor and Turbine Matching 232
8.8 Radial-Inflow Gas Turbine 237
8.9 Thermodynamic Processes in Radial-Inflow Gas Turbine 239
8.10 Other Topics Related to Gas Turbine Engine 243
8.11 Applications of Gas Turbine Engines 249
References 254
Problems 255
9 Steam Turbines 257
9.1 Introduction 257
9.2 Velocity-Compounded Stage 258
9.3 Classification of Steam Turbines 262
9.4 Steam Turbine Parameters and Performance 265
9.5 Cogeneration and Combined-Cycle Plants 270
References 274
Problems 274
10 Hydraulic Turbines 275
10.1 Introduction to Hydropower 275
10.2 Types of Hydraulic Turbines 276
10.3 Selection of Hydraulic Turbines 278
10.4 Hydraulic Turbine Performance Characteristics 285
10.5 Pelton Turbine 288
10.6 Francis Turbine and Kaplan Turbine 290
References 294
Problems 294
11 Wind Turbines 296
11.1 Introduction to Wind Power 296
11.2 Actuator Theory 299
11.3 Types of Wind Turbines 301
11.4 Wind Turbine Characteristics and Preliminary Design Analysis 304
11.5 Variable-Speed Performance of Wind Turbines 311
11.6 Wind Turbine Applications 312
References 314
Problems 315
A Review On Thermodynamics and Compressible Flow 317
A.1 Thermodynamic Properties 317
A.2 Thermodynamic Processes 318
A.3 Other Thermoflow Properties 321
A.4 Adiabatic Efficiencies of Flow Components 322
A.5 Thermodynamic Cycles 326
A.6 Thermodynamic Cycles of Gas Turbine Engines 327
A.7 Rankine Cycles with Vapor 335
A.8 Compressible Flow through a Channel 336
A.9 Normal Shock Waves 341
A.10 Oblique Shock Waves 345
Problems 348
B Airfoil Characteristics 350
B.1 Flow over Objects 350
B.2 Airfoil Geometry 351
B.3 NACA Airfoil Specifications 352
C CFD Applications to Turbomachine Design and Flow Analysis 356
References 357
D Conversion Factors and Some Constants 359
E Thermodynamic Properties of Air, Water, Superheated Steam, and CO2 at STP (14.7 psia, 60 F) 360
F Internal Diameter of Standard Pipe of Schedule 40 361
Index 363
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