CiNii 図書 - Introduction to spintronics

Using spin to replace or augment the role of charge in signal processing devices, computing systems and circuits may improve speed, power consumption, and device density in some cases-making the study of spinone of the fastest-growing areas in micro- and nanoelectronics. With most of the literature on the subject still highly advanced and heavily theoretical, the demand for a practical introduction to the concepts relating to spin has only now been filled. Explains effects such as giant magnetoresistance, the subject of the 2007 Nobel Prize in physics Introduction to Spintronics is an accessible, organized, and progressive presentation of the quantum mechanical concept of spin. The authors build a foundation of principles and equations underlying the physics, transport, and dynamics of spin in solid state systems. They explain the use of spin for encoding qubits in quantum logic processors; clarify how spin-orbit interaction forms the basis for certain spin-based devices such as spintronic field effect transistors; and discuss the effects of magnetic fields on spin-based device performance. Covers active hybrid spintronic devices, monolithic spintronic devices, passive spintronic devices, and devices based on the giant magnetoresistance effect The final chapters introduce the burgeoning field of spin-based reversible logic gates, spintronic embodiments of quantum computers, and other topics in quantum mechanics that have applications in spintronics. An Introduction to Spintronics provides the knowledge and understanding of the field needed to conduct independent research in spintronics.

The Early History of Spin Spin The Bohr Planetary Model and Space Quantization The Birth of "Spin" The Stern-Gerlach Experiment The Advent of Spintronics The Quantum Mechanics of Spin Pauli Spin Matrices The Pauli Equation and Spinors More on the Pauli Equation Extending the Pauli Equation - the Dirac Equation The Time Independent Dirac Equation Appendix The Bloch Sphere The Spinor and the "Qubit" The Bloch Sphere Concept Evolution of a Spinor Spin-1/2 Particle in a Constant Magnetic Field: Larmor Precession Preparing to Derive the Rabi Formula The Rabi Formula The Density Matrix The Density Matrix Concept: Case of a Pure State Properties of the Density Matrix Pure Versus Mixed State Concept of the Bloch Ball Time Evolution of the Density Matrix: Case of Mixed State The Relaxation Times T1 and T2 and the Bloch Equations Spin Orbit Interaction Spin Orbit Interaction in a Solid Magneto-Electric Sub-Bands in Quantum Confined Structures in the Presence of Spin-Orbit Interaction Dispersion Relations of Spin Resolved Magneto-Electric Subbands and Eigenspinors in a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in the Presence of Spin-Orbit Interaction Dispersion Relations of Spin Resolved Magneto-Electric Subbands and Eigenspinors in a One-Dimensional Electron Gas in the Presence of Spin-Orbit Interaction Magnetic Field Perpendicular to Wire Axis and the Electric Field Causing Rashba Effect Eigenenergies of Spin Resolved Subbands and Eigenspinors in a Quantum Dot in the Presence of Spin-Orbit Interaction Why Are the Dispersion Relations Important? The Three Types of Hall Effect Spin Relaxation Spin Relaxation Mechanisms Spin relaxation in a quantum dot Is the Effective Magnetic Field due to Spin-Orbit Interaction Proportional to v or k? The Spin Galvanic Effect Exchange Interaction Identical Particles and the Pauli Exclusion Principle Hartree and Hartree-Fock Approximations The Role of Exchange in Ferromagnetism The Heisenberg Hamiltonian Spin Transport in Solids The Drift-Diffusion Model The Semiclassical Model Concluding Remarks Passive Spintronic Devices and Related Concepts Spin Valve Spin Injection Efficiency Hysteresis in Spin Valve Magnetoresistance Giant Magnetoresistance Spin Accumulation Spin Injection Across a Ferromagnet/Metal Interface Spin Injection in a Ferromagnet/Semiconductor/Ferromagnet Spin Valve Spin Extraction at a Ferromagnetic Contact/Semiconductor Interface Hybrid Spintronics Spin based transistors Spin Field Effect Transistors (SPINFET) Device Performance of SPINFETs Power Dissipation Estimates Other Types of SPINFETs The Importance of the Spin Injection Efficiency Transconductance, Gain, Bandwidth and Isolation Spin Bipolar Junction Transistors (SBJT) GMR-based Transistors Concluding Remarks Monolithic Spintronics Monolithic Spintronics Reading and Writing Single Spin Single Spin Logic Energy Dissipation Issues Comparison Between Hybrid and Monolithic Spintronics Concluding Remarks Quantum Computing with Spins The Quantum Inverter Can the NAND Gate Be Switched Without Dissipating Energy? Universal Reversible Gate: The Toffoli-Fredkin Gate A-Matrix Quantum Gates Qubits Superposition States Quantum Parallelism Universal Quantum Gates A 2-Qubit "Spintronic" Universal Quantum Gate Conclusion A Quantum Mechanics Primer Blackbody Radiation and Quantization of Electromagnetic Energy The Concept of the Photon Wave-Particle Duality and the De Broglie Wavelength Postulates of Quantum Mechanics Some Elements of Semiconductor Physics: Particular Applications in Nanostructures The Rayleigh-Ritz Variational Procedure The Transfer Matrix Formalism

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Introduction to spintronics

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