Cutaneous melanoma

著者

• Balch, Charles M.

書誌事項

Cutaneous melanoma

edited by Charles M. Balch ... [et al.]

Quality Medical Pub., 2009

5th ed

注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

The Classic Text-Expanded, Updated...More Authoritative than Ever! Cutaneous Melanoma is the definitive and most authoritative textbook on melanoma used worldwide. This 5th edition provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive information needed for the clinical management and scientific study of melanoma. Written by the leading melanoma experts from the United States, Australia, and Europe, this new edition collectively incorporates the clinical outcomes of more than 60,000 patients treated at major melanoma centers throughout the world. Comprehensive Coverage-from Prevention to Advanced Treatment This new edition provides in-depth coverage, ranging from precursors of melanoma to advanced stages of metastatic disease; from melanoma genes to population-based epidemiology; and from prevention of melanoma to all forms of multidisciplinary treatments. Basic principles of diagnosis and pathologic examination are combined with treatment approaches for the many clinical presentations. Clinical management is supported by statistical data about natural history, prognosis, and treatment results. The latest information on staging and prognosis, as well as randomized prospective clinical trials involving surgical treatment and systemic treatments, is included. This volume presents a balanced perspective of the risks and benefits involved in each treatment modality. The book also contains: 1) a comprehensive color atlas of melanoma and its precursors, 2) illustrated surgical and perfusion techniques for every stage and anatomic location of melanoma, and 3) complex genetic and molecular pathways involving melanoma biology. Every drug and biologic agent in use today is described with indications and efficacy. Entirely Revised and Updated Seven new chapters discuss the emerging clinical data on the use of biomarkers, adjuvant therapies, targeted therapies, and immune modulation as well as significant clinical research advances in the clinical management of melanoma. The remaining 37 chapters have been extensively updated and revised to include the latest clinical, radiological, and pathological data and clinical trial advances. Cutaneous Melanoma, 5th Edition, retains the logical organization and clarity of expression responsible for its enduring popularity over the last 23 years. This volume will become an invaluable part of your library and a trusted resource that you will refer to again and again. The most comprehensive reference on melanoma available today! New Chapters Include: Clinical Genetics and Risk Assessment Sentinel Lymph Node and Regional Micrometastases Multidisciplinary Management of CNS Metastases Adjuvant Therapy for Cutaneous Melanoma Immune Modulation Therapy Using Anti-CTLA-4 Monoclonal Antibodies Melanoma-Specific Targeted Therapies Biomarkers for Cutaneous Melanoma

目次

• Introduction A History of Melanoma: From Hunter to Milton
• Arthur J. Sober, Helen M. Shaw, John F. Thompson John Hunter (1728-1793) Rene Laennec (1781-1826) William Norris (1792-1877) Oliver Pemberton (1825-1897) James Paget (1814-1899) Sir Jonathan Hutchinson (1828-1913) William Sampson Handley (1872-1962) Alexander Breslow (1928-1980) Vincent J. McGovern (1915-1983) Sophie Spitz (1910-1956) Arthur Allen (1910-1994) Wallace H. Clark, Jr. (1924-1997) Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, Jr. (1919-2003) Gerald W. Milton (1924-2007) Epidemiology, Prognosis, and Staging Epidemiology of Melanoma
• Bruce K. Armstrong, Alisa M. Goldstein Worldwide incidence and mortality patterns Correlates of melanoma risk Demographic correlates Constitutional correlates Environmental and behavioral correlates Present and future trends in melanoma incidence and mortality Prognostic Factors and Natural History of Melanoma
• Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Charles M. Balch, Seng-jaw Soong, John F. Thompson AJCC melanoma staging system analyses-overview of the AJCC international melanoma database and 2002 melanoma staging system Background Overview of the 2002 (sixth edition) AJCC melanoma database and melanoma staging system Validation of the AJCC melanoma staging system Prognostic factors in primary melanoma (stages I and II) Prognostic factors in regionally metastatic melanoma: lymph node metastases, satellite lesions, and in-transit metastases AJCC melanoma database: multivariate analysis for stage III patients Prognostic factor analyses in patients with distant metastatic melanoma (stage IV) AJCC melanoma database analysis: stage IV Melanoma Staging and Classification
• Charles M. Balch, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Seng-jaw Soong, Arthur J. Sober, John M. Kirkwood Anatomy Primary sites Regional lymph nodes Metastatic sites Rules for classification Clinical staging Pathologic staging Clinical versus pathologic staging TNM classification Primary tumor (T) Regional lymph nodes (N) Distant metastatic melanoma (M) Staging recommendations for metastases from unknown primary site Stage groupings Data-recording criteria Models for Predicting Melanoma Outcome
• Seng-jaw Soong, Shouluan Ding, Daniel G. Coit, Charles M. Balch Description of the statistical model Hazard function Survival function Predicting outcome from initial diagnosis for patients with localized melanoma Hazard function estimation and parametric modeling for localized melanoma Predicting outcome from initial diagnosis for patients with regional melanoma Predicting outcome after a disease-free interval in patients with localized melanoma Clinical applications Clinical scoring system Disease management decisions Patient risk classification Planning clinical trials Analysis of clinical studies Other applications Screening: Clinical Assessment and Pathology Melanoma Prevention and Screening
• J. Mark Elwood, Jennifer Kay Makin, Craig A. Sinclair, Robert Burton Prevention of melanoma Reducing personal exposure: shade, clothing, and sunscreens Intervention trials of the prevention of skin cancers and related lesions Behavioral change programs for reducing personal exposure Vitamin D Controlling exposure to sunbeds Prevention of melanoma: recommendations Screening for melanoma Uncertainties and conflicts in melanoma screening Evidence relating to the effectiveness of screening Programs of screening Challenges in the detection of progressive melanoma Clinical Genetics and Risk Assessment of Melanoma
• Graham J. Mann, Hensin Tsao Clinical risk assessment Baseline risks attributable to age and sex Previous melanoma or other skin cancer Multiple melanocytic nevi Skin and hair color, skin phototype, and freckling Sun exposure and its surrogates Family history of melanoma Genetic risk of melanoma Mutations in CDKN2A and CDK4 in familial melanoma Pancreatic cancer and other phenotypes CDKN2A mutations in sporadic and multiple primary melanoma Melanoma risk to CDKN2A mutation carriers Low-penetrance melanoma susceptibility genes Genetic testing for melanoma risk? Management of high-risk individuals The future Acquired Precursor Lesions and Phenotypic Markers of Increased Risk for Cutaneous Melanoma
• Scott W. Menzies, Hensin Tsao, Arthur J. Sober Pigment phenotype Constitutive pigmentation (racial) Hair and eye color Oculocutaneous albinism Ephelis (freckle) Moles Benign (common) acquired moles (nevi) Atypical moles Lentigo maligna Clinical Characteristics of Melanoma
• Allan C. Halpern, Ashfaq A. Marghoob, Arthur J. Sober Personal history of skin cancer Clinical presentation Signs and symptoms Clinical features Growth patterns Clinical assessment History Physical examinations Diagnostic accuracy and aids to diagnosis New technologies for diagnosis Image analysis for diagnosis Multispectral imaging and automated diagnosis Confocal scanning laser microscopy Other techniques: ultrasound imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and optical coherence tomography Evolving paradigms in the analysis of dermoscopic images How we analyze images Biopsy of Suspected Melanomas
• Nanette J. Liegeois,Timothy M. Johnson, Arthur J. Sober Prebiopsy lesion assessment Biopsy techniques Excisional biopsy Incisional biopsy Fine-needle aspiration Frozen sections Biopsy of the nail unit Biopsy of the mucosa Pathology of Melanoma
• Richard Anthony Scolyer, Martin C. Mihm, Jr., Alistair J. Cochran, Klaus J. Busam, Stanley William McCarthy Pathologic assessment of melanocytic tumors: goals and expectations Biopsy techniques for clinically suspicious melanocytic tumors: the hazards of incomplete biopsies Pathologic examination of the primary melanoma site Clinical correlation for enhancement of pathologic accuracy Specimen orientation Melanoma tumor progression: the concept of radial and vertical growth phases Clinicopathologic classification of melanoma Superficial spreading melanoma Lentigo maligna melanoma Acrolentiginous melanoma Nodular melanoma Histologic features of vertical growth phase melanoma Predominantly epithelioid cell vertical growth phase Predominantly spindle cell vertical growth phase Pitfalls Mixed spindle cell and epithelioid cell vertical growth phase Nevoid vertical growth phase (nevoid melanoma) Prognostication The melanoma pathology report including a synoptic format Uncommon melanoma variants Metastatic melanoma Fine-needle biopsy in melanoma patients Clear cell sarcoma (melanoma of soft parts) Molecular pathology of melanoma The concept of the cancer stem cell The metastatic niche concept Management of Localized Melanoma Excision of Primary Melanoma
• Merrick I. Ross Excision of primary melanoma: fundamental concepts Historical perspective and the emergence of a contemporary paradigm Thin melanoma (T1 and T2
• less than 2 mm) excision trials The Intergroup Melanoma Surgical Trial (T2 and T3 melanomas
• 1 to 4 mm) Thicker melanoma (T3 and T4
• greater than 2 mm) excision trials Current recommendations Excisions for histologic variants Techniques for routine wound closure Excisions for melanomas in unusual or restrictive locations Complex Closures of Melanoma Excisions
• Maurice Y. Nahabedian, Jonathan R. Stretch, Anthony P.Tufaro Principles of reconstructive surgery Assessment of the acquired defect Reconstructive options for complex wounds Definitions Undermining with primary closure Skin grafts Composite grafts Local flaps Regional flaps Free tissue transfer Tissue expansion Complex closures: regional considerations and clinical application Head and neck Trunk Extremities Surgical salvage for extensive and recurrent melanoma Local Recurrences of Melanoma and Their Management
• Kenneth K.Tanabe, Douglas S. Reintgen, Charles M. Balch Definition Mechanisms Risk factors for local recurrence Surgical margins and local recurrence Sentinel node biopsy and local recurrence Timing of local recurrences Local recurrence and survival Management Mucosal Melanoma
• Merrick I. Ross, Michael A. Henderson Epidemiology Pathologic features and diagnosis Staging and prognosis Mucosal melanomas in the head and neck Epidemiology Clinical presentation Differential diagnosis Prognosis and natural history Treatment Mucosal melanomas in the female genital tract Vulvar melanoma Vaginal melanoma Treatment Anorectal mucosal melanomas Clinical and pathologic features Treatment Mucosal melanomas at other sites Urinary tract Esophagus Role of radiotherapy Melanoma in Children and Teenagers
• Julie R. Lange, Ira J. Dunkel, Helen M. Shaw, Arthur J. Sober Epidemiology Congenital melanoma Precursors and risk factors Giant congenital nevi Small and medium congenital nevi Xeroderma pigmentosum Constitutional risk factors Ultraviolet exposure Clinical presentation Diagnosis and surgical management Medical management Interferon Vaccine trials Chemotherapy Outcomes Follow-up and surveillance Pregnancy and the Use of Hormones in Melanoma Patients
• Rona M. MacKie Nevi and pregnancy Pregnancy before melanoma Melanoma before pregnancy Melanoma during pregnancy Effect of pregnancy on disease outcome Transplacental metastases Treatment of melanoma during pregnancy Surgery Adjuvant nonsurgical therapy for pregnant women Chemotherapy Oral contraception and melanoma Use of oral contraception and subsequent risk of melanoma Use of oral contraceptives after treatment for melanoma Hormone replacement therapy and melanoma Appropriate advice on planning pregnancy after treatment for melanoma In vitro fertilization and melanoma Management of Regional MetastasesThe Sentinel Lymph Node and Regional Melanoma Micrometastases
• Donald L. Morton, Alistair J. Cochran, John F. Thompson, Vernon K. Sondak The history and conceptual basis of sentinel node biopsy Anatomic versus functional definitions of the sentinel lymph node Incubator versus marker theory Immunology of the sentinel node Pathobiology of tumor-induced immunosuppression of the sentinel node Sentinel node biopsy for staging clinically localized melanoma Interim results of the first Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial Survival Should lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy be the standard of care for cutaneous melanoma? LM/SNB increases the chance of remaining disease free LM/SNB is a superior staging technique for identifying appropriate candidates for adjuvant therapy No noninvasive staging alternative is available Early treatment of patients with a positive sentinel node may improve survival "False-positivity" does not apply to the sentinel node LM/SNB for melanomas that are not intermediate in thickness Unresolved issues and ongoing research The second Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial Carbon particle mapping Lymphoscintigraphy in Patients with Melanoma
• Roger F. Uren, John F. Thompson, Brendon J. Coventry, Barry E. Chatterton Definition of a sentinel node Lymphatic mapping of the skin: early studies Lymphoscintigraphy The first radiocolloid and early experience with lymphoscintigraphy Radiopharmaceuticals 99mTc-labeled colloids 99mTc-antimony sulfide colloid 99mTc-rhenium sulfide colloid and 99mTc-albumin nanocolloid 99mTc-sulfur colloid 99mTc-human serum albumin What is the ideal radiocolloid? Lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel lymph node biopsy procedures Lymphoscintigraphy technique Injecting the tracer Immediate dynamic imaging Delayed static imaging Unexpected lymphatic drainage pathways Marking the surface location of the sentinel node Radiation dosimetry: risks to the patient Radiation dosimetry: risks to the pregnant patient Radiation dosimetry: risks to attending staff Patterns of lymphatic drainage from the skin Trunk Head and neck The limbs Interval nodes Drainage to multiple node fields Complex lymphatic drainage patterns Lymphoscintigraphy in clinically involved node fields The future New tracers for lymphatic mapping Gamma probes for intraoperative detection of radioactivity Gamma cameras for intraoperative imaging Alternate methods of lymphatic mapping Intraoperative Mapping and Sentinel Node Technology in Patients with Melanoma
• Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, John F. Thompson, Nicola Mozzillo, Charles M. Balch Approach to clinically negative regional lymph node basins in patients with early-stage primary cutaneous melanoma Rationale for lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy Technique for lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy Role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in pathologic regional lymph node staging: prognostic value of sentinel lymph node pathologic status Early results Prognostic significance Patterns of failure after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy Clinical relevance of submicroscopic disease Ongoing clinical trials of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy Technical planning: overall approach Patient selection Special situations Approach to patients after previous wide local excision Approach to patients with irregular lymphatic drainage patterns Desmoplastic histology Complications and morbidity after lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy Technical considerations: lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy General operating room positioning strategies Axillary and Epitrochlear Lymph Node Dissection for Melanoma
• Kelly M. McMasters, Sandra L.Wong, Douglas S.Tyler, Charles M. Balch, John F. Thompson Axillary dissection Anatomy Surgical technique Operative approaches to the upper axilla for recurrent or bulky axillary metastases Postoperative management Complications Epitrochlear dissection Rationale Anatomy Surgical technique Inguinofemoral, Iliac/Obturator, and Popliteal Lymphadenectomy in Patients with Melanoma
• Lisa K. Jacobs, Charles M. Balch, Daniel G. Coit Inguinofemoral dissection Indications Technique Modifications of the classic technique of inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy Iliac/obturator (deep pelvic) lymph node dissection Indications Benefits Operative technique Postoperative complications: incidence and risk factors Complications of lymph node dissection Management of postoperative complications Popliteal dissection Indications Operative technique Neck Dissection and Parotidectomy for Melanoma
• Anthony P. Tufaro, Suhail K. Mithani, Joseph A. Califano III, Ashok Shaha Anatomy Sublevels Patterns of metastatic spread and extent of dissection Neck dissection Comprehensive neck dissection Selective neck dissection Complications Parotidectomy Preoperative evaluation Anesthesia and positioning Technique Complications Clinical outcome Adjuvant radiotherapy Recurrent Regional Metastases of Melanoma
• Daniel G. Coit, Cristina R. Ferrone In-transit metastases Incidence Treatment Adjuvant therapy Prognosis Recurrent nodal metastases after lymph node dissection Incidence Treatment Prognosis Adjuvant therapy Radiotherapy for Primary and Regional Melanoma
• Graham Stevens, Bryan Burmeister Role of radiotherapy in the management of primary melanoma Adjuvant radiotherapy after surgical excision Results of curative radiotherapy alone Radiotherapy for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma Treatment recommendations for the use of radiotherapy in primary melanoma and lentigo maligna Illustrative cases Role of radiotherapy in the management of in-transit metastasis Treatment recommendations for the use of radiotherapy for in-transit melanoma Illustrative cases Role of radiotherapy in the management of regional lymph node metastasis Adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy after regional lymph node dissection Results of adjuvant radiotherapy after complete lymph node dissection Adjuvant radiotherapy after limited lymph node dissection Preoperative radiotherapy for bulky nodal disease Palliative radiotherapy for unresectable regional nodal disease Treatment recommendations for the use of radiotherapy in regional nodal metastasis Adjuvant radiotherapy after complete lymph node dissection Adjuvant radiotherapy after limited lymph node dissection or no dissection Therapeutic (palliative) radiotherapy Illustrative cases Hyperthermic Regional Perfusion for Melanoma of the Limbs
• H. Richard Alexander, Jr., Douglas L. Fraker, Alexander M.M. Eggermont Epidemiology and natural history Historical perspective and early clinical series Technical aspects of isolated limb perfusion Melphalan Pharmacokinetics of melphalan in isolated limb perfusion Other chemotherapeutic agents Hyperthermia Tumor necrosis factor Toxicity of isolated limb perfusion Adjuvant isolated limb perfusion Therapeutic limb perfusion Melphalan alone Melphalan and tumor necrosis factor Isolated Limb Infusion for Melanoma
• Georgia M. Beasley, Hidde M. Kroon, Merrick I. Ross, Peter C. A. Kam, John F. Thompson, Douglas S. Tyler Similarities and differences between isolated limb infusion and conventional hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion Patient selection for isolated limb infusion Technical details of the isolated limb infusion procedure Preoperative assessment and management Insertion and positioning of arterial and venous catheters Procedure in the operating room Postoperative care Pharmacokinetics of melphalan Use of microdialysis to monitor drug concentrations in limb tissues and tumor deposits during isolated limb infusion Limb and systemic toxicity after isolated limb infusion Factors predicting toxicity after isolated limb infusion Clinical results of isolated limb infusion Factors predicting outcome after isolated limb infusion Limb temperatures during isolated limb infusion Tourniquet times Interpretation of prognostic factors data Repeat isolated limb infusion for disease progression after initial isolated limb infusion Comparison with hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion Laboratory studies of isolated limb infusion Potential use of the isolated limb infusion technique to evaluate other drugs and biologic agents Diagnosis and Local Treatment of Distant MetastasesMetastatic Surveillance and Follow-up of Melanoma Patients
• Julie R. Lange, Axel Hauschild, Anne Brecht Francken Goals of surveillance Patterns of melanoma recurrence Risk of local and regional recurrence Time to recurrence Strategies for active follow-up of melanoma patients Detection of recurrences Role of physical examination Patient education Patient well-being and follow-up Follow-up schedules Radiologic studies and laboratory tests Screening for risk of new primary melanomas Screening for other primary cancers Current recommendations for surveillance Diagnosis of Stage IV Melanoma
• Michael B. Atkins, Axel Hauschild, Richard L.Wahl, Charles M. Balch Timing of distant metastasis Pattern of metastasis Prognosis and prognostic factors Sites of distant metastases Number of metastatic sites Elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase Duration of remission Performance status Other prognostic factors Clinical evaluation of metastasis History and physical examination Laboratory tests/biomarkers Radiologic tests Pathologic tests Sites of distant metastases Skin, subcutaneous tissues, and distant lymph nodes Lung, pleura, and mediastinum Brain and spinal cord Gastrointestinal tract Liver, biliary tract, and spleen Bone Kidneys and urinary tract Heart and pericardium Pancreas Peritoneum and mesentery Endocrine organs Breast Ovaries, uterus, and placenta Testes and penis Oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx Eye and orbit Cutaneous melanosis Metastatic melanoma from an unknown primary site Surveillance in patients who have localized melanoma Surgical Excision of Distant Melanoma Metastases
• John F. Thompson, Donald L. Morton, Charles M. Balch, Merrick I. Ross Current status of surgery for stage IV melanoma Relationships between tumor burden, immune function, and surgical treatment Selection of patients and prognostic factors Outcomes after surgical resection of melanoma metastases at specific sites Skin, subcutaneous tissue, and lymph nodes Lung, trachea, and bronchi Brain and spinal cord Gastrointestinal tract Liver, biliary tract, and spleen Bone Kidney and urinary tract Heart and pericardium Endocrine organs Breast Ovaries, uterus, and vagina Testes and penis Oral cavity and pharynx Eye and orbit Radiotherapy for Distant Metastases and Clinical Radiobiology of Melanoma
• Graham Stevens, Angela Hong, Michael J. McKay Radiotherapy for distant metastases Skin and subcutaneous metastases Lymph node metastases Brain metastases Malignant spinal cord compression Bone metastases Sites irradiated less commonly Developing sites for focused radiation treatment Illustrative cases Clinical radiobiology of melanoma Biologic factors affecting the ionizing radiation response of melanoma Intrinsic cellular radiosensitivity Tumor oxygenation and microenvironmental Factors Tumor cell proliferation kinetics Number of clonogenic tumor cells Influence of melanization on radiosensitivity Host factors in melanoma response and outcome Future possibilities Methods to improve the response of melanoma cells Methods to improve the delivery of radiation to melanoma metastases Multidisciplinary Management of CNS Melanoma Metastases
• Kim A. Margolin, George M. Cannon, Minesh P. Mehta, Michael Y. Chen Risk factors and prognosis Clinical features Neurosurgical management of brain metastasis Radiotherapeutic and radiosurgical management of melanoma metastatic to the brain or spine Whole-brain radiotherapy Whole-brain radiotherapy alone Surgery followed by whole-brain radiotherapy Stereotactic radiosurgery Systemic therapy for melanoma metastatic to the central nervous system Systemic therapy considerations after adequate control of the central nervous system Palliative approach Aggressive approach Investigational approach Systemic Treatment of Metastatic DiseaseAdjuvant Systemic Therapy for High-Risk Melanoma Patients
• John M. Kirkwood, Vernon K. Sondak, Peter Hersey, Helen Gogas Who should be considered for adjuvant therapy? Chemotherapy alone or in multiagent combinations as adjuvant therapy for melanoma Microbial immunostimulants Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Corynebacterium parvumLevamisole Hormonal therapy Melanoma vaccines tested in phase III adjuvant trials Adjuvant interferons as postoperative adjuvant therapy for melanoma Adjuvant applications of interferon-alpha-2 Adjuvant applications of interferon-gamma Emerging new modalities of adjuvant therapy Biomarkers of prognosis and response Chemotherapy-Based Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma
• Michael B. Atkins, Mark R. Middleton, Paul B. Chapman Single-agent chemotherapy Dacarbazine and temozolomide Nitrosoureas Platinums Microtubule toxins Combination cytotoxic chemotherapy Nitrosourea combinations Taxane-based combination therapy Cisplatin-based combination therapy Chemohormonal therapy Biochemotherapy Interferon alpha-based biochemotherapy regimens Interleukin-2-based regimens Interleukin-2 and DTIC/temozolomide combinations Cisplatin and interleukin-2-based biochemotherapy regimens Inpatient concurrent biochemotherapy regimens Phase III biochemotherapy trials Other biochemotherapy investigations Non-interleukin-2 or interferon-based biochemotherapy combinations Chemotherapy and antiangiogenic or targeted therapy Antiangiogenic agents Antiapoptosis-inducing agents Selection of future phase III trials Interferon Therapy for Melanoma
• Ernest C. Borden, Stergios J. Moschos, John M. Kirkwood Endogenous interferons as part of the host response to cancer The family of interferon proteins and signaling activation Mechanisms of antitumor action in melanoma Signaling by interferons Cellular mechanisms of action of interferons Interferon-alpha-2 in the treatment of melanoma The future of interferons in melanoma biology and therapy Interleukins and Cellular Therapies for Melanoma
• Douglas J. Schwartzentruber Pharmacology of interleukin-2 Immunologic activity of interleukin-2 Systemic effects of interleukin-2 Clinical efficacy of high-dose interleukin-2 alone Clinical efficacy of alternate doses, routes, and schedules of interleukin-2 alone Clinical efficacy of interleukin-2 combined with interferon-alpha Clinical efficacy of interleukin-2 combined with other cytokines, immune modulators, antibodies, or vaccines Agents to reduce the toxicity of interleukin-2 Predictors of clinical response Other cytokines for treatment of metastatic melanoma Clinical efficacy of interleukin-2 combined with cellular therapy Melanoma Vaccines
• Jedd D.Wolchok, Jeffrey S.Weber Tumor immunology Antigen discovery Adjuvants Vaccine approaches Cell vaccines Transduced cell vaccines HLA-restricted melanoma-associated antigenic peptides Ganglioside vaccines Antiidiotypic monoclonal antibodies mimicking ganglioside antigens Protein antigens Heat-shock protein-based vaccines DNA vaccination Dendritic cell vaccines Recombinant viral vaccines Combination strategies and the future of melanoma vaccines Immune Modulators in the Treatment of Patients with Melanoma
• James P. Allison, F. Stephen Hodi, Yvonne M. Saenger, Jedd D. Wolchok Biology of CTLA-4-mediated immune inhibition Preclinical development of anti-CTLA-4 as an anticancer agent Anti-CTLA-4: clinical experience in melanoma Efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade: summary of clinical trials to date CTLA-4 blockade and immune-related adverse events Kinetics of response Patient selection and predictors of toxicity and antitumor response Dose and schedule of anti-CTLA-4 administration Correlative immunologic studies Vaccination strategies in combination with CTLA-4 blockade Combination of CTLA-4 blockade and GM-CSF vaccination in murine models Clinical investigation of combination CTLA-4 blockade and autologous GM-CSF-secreting tumor vaccination CTLA-4 blockade with peptide vaccines Other CTLA-4 antibody and immunotherapy combinations Melanoma-Specific Targeted Therapies
• Paul B. Chapman, David B. Solit, Keith T. Flaherty Targeting cell surface molecules Targeting receptor tyrosine kinases expressed in melanoma Monoclonal antibodies Targeting intracellular molecules The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in melanoma Drugs that inhibit BRAF Hsp90 inhibitors Drugs that inhibit MEK Targeting PI3/AKT pathway Angiogenesis inhibition in melanoma Biology of MelanomaGenetics and Molecular Pathology of Melanoma
• Boris C. Bastian, Daniel Pinkel, Amaya Viros Distinct patterns of epidemiologic, clinical, and histopathologic features in melanoma Emerging melanoma subtypes based on genotypephenotype correlations Melanomas on sun-exposed sites Melanomas on relatively or absolutely UV-protected sites Melanocytic tumors arising without associations to epithelial structures Biology of Melanocytes and Primary Melanoma
• Glenn Merlino, Vincent J. Hearing Development of melanoblasts Regulation of specification Regulation of migration Regulation of survival and proliferation Differentiation of melanocytes Regulation of differentiation Regulation of survival Melanomagenesis From melanocyte to melanoma: a multistep process Molecular genetics: early lessons from familial and sporadic melanoma Melanoma: a consequence of homeostatic disruption Melanoma: cell of origin Melanoma and the environment Sun exposure and epidemiology Photobiology and melanoma Biology of Melanoma Metastasis
• Menashe Bar-Eli, Isaiah J. Fidler The pathogenesis of melanoma metastasis Transcriptional regulation of melanoma progression Role of AP-2- in melanoma progression Role of CREB/ATF-1 in melanoma progression Involvement of ATF-2 in melanoma progression SNAIL: its regulatory pathway in melanoma MITF: its role in melanoma progression Regulation of melanoma metastasis by the tumor microenvironment Role of platelet-activating factor receptor Potential therapeutic approaches to inhibiting melanoma metastasis Using fully humanized antibodies to MCAM/MUC18 to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis of human melanoma Using fully humanized neutralizing antibodies to interleukin-8 (ABX-IL-8) to inhibit angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis of human melanoma Immunology of Melanoma
• Suzanne L.Topalian, Lieping Chen, Janis M.Taube, Paul F. Robbins, Jedd D.Wolchok, Alan N. Houghton Innate immunity Adaptive immunity Melanoma antigens General principles for identification of tumor antigens recognized by T cells and antibodies Nonmutated self-antigens Mutant melanoma antigens Altered peptide ligands: enhancing the immunogenicity of low-affinity melanoma epitopes Experimental models Immune regulation and tolerance Costimulatory/coinhibitory receptors Regulatory T cells Cytokines Implications for immunotherapy Biomarkers for Melanoma
• Elizabeth A. Grimm, Dave S.B. Hoon, Lyn McDivitt Duncan Potential clinical impact of melanoma biomarkers Melanoma heterogeneity Melanoma biomarker discovery and validation process Biomarkers in early-stage melanoma Molecular markers in primary cutaneous melanoma Biomarkers for later-stage melanoma Molecular markers in sentinel lymph nodes Molecular markers in blood Molecular markers in metastatic tumors Additional Credits Index

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詳細情報

• NII書誌ID(NCID): BA91637059
• ISBN:
  • 9781576262764
• LCCN: 97029168
• 出版国コード: us
• タイトル言語コード: eng
• 本文言語コード: eng
• 出版地: St. Louis, Missouri.
• ページ数/冊数: xxix, 921 p.
• 大きさ: 29 cm
• 分類:
  • LCC : RC280.M37
  • NLM : WR 500 C988 1998
  • DC21 : 616.99/477
• 件名:
  • LCSH : Melanoma
  • LCSH : Skin -- Cancer
  • MESH : Skin Neoplasms
  • MESH : Melanoma