CiNii Books - Case research in public management

Highly readable and non-technical, this handbook is designed to help students and non-profit managers gain a working knowledge of the principles and practices of conducting qualitative case study research in public organizations. This book is a motherload of practical and comprehensive guidance to planning, conducting, analyzing, and reporting case research project findings. McNabb begins with a detailed rationale for the use of the case research approach in public administration, non-profit organizations, and political science. Then it provides step-by-step instructions on how to conduct single-case, multicase, and meta-analysis research, with guidelines on organizing and writing the case report. Case Research in Public Management also includes many examples of case studies in a wide range of important topics in public administration, including performance management, sustainable government, technology management, security issues, emergency and disaster management, social and health services, infrastructure, public transportation, and transforming the work of government.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Cases as Applied Research
Case Research: Qualitative or Quantitative?
Objectives for the Book
Acknowledgments
Part I. The What and How of Case Research
1. What Is Case Research?
The History of Case Research
The Meaning of Case Research
The Case in Public Administration Research
Teaching Cases
When a Case Study Is Not Case Research
Public Administration Examples
Four Primary Challenges
The Focus of Case Research
The Question of Causality in Case Research
Case Research as Interpretive Research
Causation in Social Science Research
Logical Causation
Cases and Causal Inference
An Answer to the Causation Question?
Summary. 2. When to Do Case Research and How to Pick Cases
Why Researchers Chose the Case Research Approach
Developing Theory from Cases
Testing Theories That Already Exist
Identifying a Previous Condition
Establishing the Importance of Contributing Conditions
Establishing the Importance of the Case to Other Examples
How and Why Researchers Pick the Cases They Study
Choosing Comparable Cases
Choosing Cases with Variability
Choosing Cases with Variation across Subgroups
Summary
3. The Range of Case Research Designs
Classes of Case Research
Explanatory Case Research
An Explanatory Case Example
Explanatory Cases on Additional Topics
Interpretive Case Research
Principles of Interpretive Case Research
An Interpretive Case Example
Critical Case Research
Structural Themes in Critical Research
A Critical Research Case Example
Reliability and Validity Issues in Case Research
Internal Validity
External Validity
Reliability
Summary
4. Single Case Research Designs
Labels in Case Research
Case Research in the Administrative Sciences
Significance of Single Case Research
Four Problem Areas
Scientific Theory Requirements
The Scale and Scope of Single Case Research
Intrinsic Case Studies
Examples of Intrinsic Case Studies
Instrumental Case Studies
An Example of an Instrumental Case Study
Collective Case Studies
A Two-Level Case Classification System
Holistic Single Case Designs
Holistic Multicase Designs
Embedded Single Case Designs
Embedded Multicase Designs
Factors Affecting the Design Decision
Summary
5. Multicase Research Designs
Transforming Readers into Participants
Some Advantages and Disadvantages of the Multicase Method
Three Categories of Multicase Research
Comparative Multicase Designs
The Comparative Method Defined
An International Comparative Case
Comparing Benchmarking Projects
Interpretive Multicase Designs
An Interpretive Multicase Example
A City/County Multicase Interpretive Study
Longitudinal Multicase Designs
Longitudinal Multicase Research Examples
Summary
6. Getting Started in Single and Multicase Research
The Single Case Research Process
Define the Reason for Doing the Case Study
Select the Unit to Be Studied
Define the Role of the Researcher
Introduce the Project to the Study Unit
Establish the Case Unit Qualifications
Gather the Case Data
Prepare an Integrative Summary. Write a Final Report
The Multicase Research Process
Frame the Research Question
Select Cases to Include in the Study
Define Key Constructs and Units of Analysis
Collect the Data
Analyze and Interpret the Data
Prepare and Present a Report of the Findings
Summary
7. Meta-Analysis Designs and Processes
The Focus of Meta-Analysis
Advantages and Disadvantages of Meta-Analysis
Some Disadvantages of Meta-analysis
Getting Started with a Meta-Case Analysis
Problem Formulation
Criteria for Selecting Cases
Standardizing the Points for Analysis
Standardizing the Analysis Procedure
Selecting a Coding Scheme
Describe the Statistical Processes Used
Analyze the Data and Write the Report
Document Analysis in Meta-Designs: Hermeneutic Analysis
Analysis and the "Act of Explaining"
Analysis Using the Meta-Analytic Schedule
A Meta-Analysis of Transformational Change Cases
Meta-Analysis in the 21st Century
Summary
8. Collecting and Analyzing Case Data
Ethnographic Research Approaches
Ethnographic Data Collection Methods
Types of Ethnographic Research
Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethnographic Methods
Case Research as Fieldwork
Collecting Case Data by Observation
Forms of Observation Research
Advantages and Disadvantages of Observation
Collecting Data by Interviews
The Art of Interviewing
Purposes for Interviewing
Advantages and Disadvantages of Interviews
Getting Beneath the Surface in Interviewing
Taking Notes or Recording the Interview
The Interviewing Process
Summary
9. Document Analysis Methods
Categories of Written Record Data Analysis
The Episodic or the Running Record
The Literature Review Analysis Process
Case Research with Archival Data
Content Analysis in Case Research
Advantages and Disadvantages of Content Analysis
When to Use Content Analysis
Computer Analysis of Textual Data
Summary
10. The Case Research Report
Universal Recommendations for Case Reports
Three Steps of Report Writing
Five Key Elements of Case Research Reports
Establishing a Point of View for the Case Report
Sample Points of View
Components in a Case Report
The Title
The Abstract (or Executive Summary)
The Introduction
Review of the Literature
Methodology
Review: Methods and Data Differences
The Findings Section
Conclusions and/or Recommendations Section
References (Bibliography). Appendix or Appendices
Style and Format in Case Research Writing
Case Reporting Guidelines at PPMR
Introduce the Case
Establish the Background of the Problem or Situation
Report Your Findings
Describe Your Analysis and Conclusions
Summary
Part II. Case Research in Public Management
11. Case Research in Public Policy and Management
Themes in Policy Case Research
How Policy Shapes Government Services
Short- and Long-term Implications
A Global Policy Single-Case Example
A Multicase Policy Example
Research Focus in Public Policy and Management
The Courts and Public Policy
A Case Study of Failure in Policy Implementation
A Three-Case Analysis of Public Management Reform
Summary
Note
12. Case Research in Performance Management
Improving Government Services
What to Improve: Efficiency or Effectiveness?
Benchmarking for Process Improvement
The Innovation Groups Project Case
The IMCA Project Case
North Carolina Local Government Project Case
Results Assessment
Measuring Performance for Performance Improvement
A Problem Metric in Florida
Decentralization Programs in Government
Collaborating Through Networks
A Community of Interest Case
Communities of Practice
Collaborating Through Partnerships
Other Drivers of Administrative Reform
Greater Democratization in the Workforce
Other Humanization-Related Reforms
Summary
13. Case Research in Sustainable Government
Declining Faith in Science to Achieve Sustainability
Assessing Development Sustainability
A Sustainability Assessment Application Case
The Human Side of Sustainability
Sustainability in State and Local Governments
Three Forces Pressuring Governments
Some Possible Solutions
International Sustainability Case Research
Government Agency and Sustainable Development in Denmark
Water Sustainability Management in China
The Case of Urban Sustainability in Vienna, Austria
Summary
14. Case Research in Technology Management
Cases on Technology in Government
Early Examples
Wireless Technology for the City of Philadelphia
When Technology Fails
Removing Discretion in the Netherlands
Measuring the Impact of Technology on Performance
Summary
15. Case Research in National Security Issues
Delivering DHS Programs
Partnerships and Coordination
DHS Grants to State, Local, and Tribal Governments
State Coordination
Homeland Security at the State and Local Level
A Case on Problems with Security Grants
Semi-Annual Surveys. The Homeland Security Alert System
The Color-Coded Warning System
Three Major Weaknesses
International Security Case Research
Fighting the New Wave of Terrorism
A Case of Security Threat in Latvia
Expediency or Appeasement
Russian Baltics Strategy
Conclusions
Summary
16. Case Research in Emergency and Disaster Management
A Theory of Disaster and Emergency Management
FEMA

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