Principles of geology : an attempt to explain the former changes of the earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation
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Bibliographic Information
Principles of geology : an attempt to explain the former changes of the earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation
（Cambridge library collection, . Darwin）
Cambridge University Press, 2009
- v. 1 : pbk
- v. 2 : pbk
- v. 3 : pbk
- Other Title
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Principles of geology : being an attempt to explain the former changes of the earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation
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Note
"This digitally printed version 2009"--T.p. verso
Facsim. of ed. published: London : J. Murray, 1830-1833
Includes bibliographical references and index
Description and Table of Contents
- Volume
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v. 1 : pbk ISBN 9781108001359
Description
In 1830-33, Charles Lyell laid the foundations of evolutionary biology with Principles of Geology, a pioneering three-volume book that Charles Darwin took with him on the Beagle. Lyell championed the ideas of geologist James Hutton, who formulated one of the fundamental principles of modern geology - uniformitarianism. This proposed that natural processes always operate according to the same laws, allowing us to understand how features of the Earth's surface were produced by physical, chemical, and biological processes over long periods of time. Volume 1 consists of 26 chapters, a comprehensive index and woodcut illustrations of various mechanisms of geological change. Lyell begins with a definition of geology and then reviews ancient theories of the successive destruction and renovation of the world. He mentions James Hutton's ideas in chapter four, and goes on to discuss the effects of climate change, running water, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes on the Earth's crust.
Table of Contents
- 1. Geology defined
- 2. Oriental cosmogony
- 3. Arabian writers of the tenth century
- 4. Werner's application of geology to the art of mining
- 5. Review of the causes which have retarded the progress of geology
- 6. Proofs that the climate of the northern hemisphere was formerly hotter
- 7. On the causes of vicissitudes in climate
- 8. Geological proofs that the geographical features of the northern hemisphere were such as would give rise to an extremely hot climate
- 9. Theory of the progressive development of organic life considered
- 10. Division of the subject into changes of the organic and inorganic world
- 11. Action of running water, continued
- 12. Difference between the transporting power of springs and rivers
- 13. Reproductive effects of running water
- 14. Oceanic deltas
- 15. Destroying and transporting effects of tides and currents
- 16. Action of tides and currents, continued
- 17. Reproductive effects of tides and currents
- 18. Division of igneous agents into the volcano and the earthquake
- 19. History of the volcanic eruptions in the district of Naples
- 20. Dimensions and structure of the cone of Vesuvius
- 21. External physiognomy of Etna
- 22. Volcanic Archipelagos
- 23. Earthquakes and their effects
- 24. Earthquake in Calabria, February 5th, 1783
- 25. Earthquakes of the eighteenth century, continued
- 26. Magnitude of the subterranean changes produced by earthquakes at great depths below the surface.
- Volume
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v. 2 : pbk ISBN 9781108001366
Description
In 1830-33, Charles Lyell laid the foundations of evolutionary biology with Principles of Geology, a pioneering book that Charles Darwin took with him on the Beagle. Volume 2 (1832) focuses on plants and animals, and consists of 17 chapters, a comprehensive index and woodcut illustrations of various natural habitats Lyell had observed. The author takes issue with the French biologist Lamarck's theory of the transmutation of species, though Darwin in fact later praised other aspects of Lamarck's work. Lyell examines the connections between the Earth's changing crust and the natural history of many species of birds, insects, mammals and fish. He discusses how wild species physically adapt over time to domestication, the diffusion of plants throughout their specific habitats, geographical distributions of certain types of animals, migratory pattern adaptation due to climate change, hybrid plants, species extinction and how organic deposits, such as moss, on emerging land affect species adaptation.
Table of Contents
- Preface
- 1. Changes of the organic world
- 2. Recapitulation of the arguments
- 3. Variability of a species
- 4. Consideration of the question whether species have a real existence
- 5. Laws which regulate the geographical distribution of species
- 6. Geographical distribution of animals
- 7. Geographical distribution and migration of fish
- 8. Theories respecting the original introduction of species
- 9. The circumstances which constitute the stations of animals are changeable
- 10. Influence of organic causes in changing the habitations of species
- 11. Theory of the successive extinction of species
- 12. Effects produced by the powers of vitality
- 13. Effects produced by the action of animals and vegetable life
- 14. Imbedding of organic remains in alluvium and the ruins caused by landslips
- 15. Imbedding of organic remains in subaqueous deposits
- 16. Imbedding of the remains of man and his works in subaqueous strata
- 17. Imbedding of aquatic species in subaqueous strata
- 18. Formation of coral reefs.
- Volume
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v. 3 : pbk ISBN 9781108001373
Description
In 1833, Charles Lyell published the final volume of his pioneering trilogy, which Charles Darwin took with him on the Beagle. In it, Lyell describes the composition of the Earth's crust, examines shell fossils, and explains rock stratification, separating geological formations into three periods - primary, secondary and tertiary. He chastises his fellow geologists for preferring to speculate on the possibilities of the past rather than exploring the realities of the present, and shows his readers the importance of testing the validity of scientific claims. Lyell expertly integrates this book with the two earlier volumes, extending his interpretation of his geological findings from his research in Europe, especially at Mount Etna. Volume 3 consists of 26 chapters, a comprehensive index and 93 woodcut illustrations of different rock formations. Lyell writes with infectious enthusiasm, conveying the excitement of his discoveries in this landmark book.
Table of Contents
- 1. Connexion between the subjects treated of in the former parts of this work and those to be discussed in the present volume
- 2. Arrangement of the materials composing the earth's crust
- 3. Different circumstances under which the secondary and tertiary formations may have originated
- 4. Chronological relations of mineral masses the first object in geological classification
- 5. Classification of tertiary formations in chronological order
- 6. Newer Pliocene formations
- 7. Marine and volcanic formations at the base of Etna
- 8. Speculations on the origin of the Val del Bove on Etna
- 9. Origin of the newer Pliocene strata of Sicily
- 10. Tertiary formations of Campania
- 11. Newer Pliocene freshwater formations
- 12. Geological monuments of the older Pliocene period
- 13. Crag of Norfolk and Suffolk
- 14. Volcanic rocks of the older Pliocene period
- 15. Miocene period
- 16. Miocene alluviums
- 17. Eocene period
- 18. Marine formations of the Eocene period
- 19. Volcanic rocks of the Eocene period
- 20. Eocene formations, continued
- 21. Denudation of secondary strata during the deposition of the English Eocene formations
- 22. Denudation of the Valley of the Weald, continued
- 23. Secondary formations
- 24. On the relative antiquity of different mountain-chains
- 25. On the rocks usually termed 'primary'
- 26. On the stratified rocks usually called 'primary'.
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