History of the inductive sciences : from the earliest to the present time
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書誌事項
History of the inductive sciences : from the earliest to the present time
（Cambridge library collection, . Philosophy）
Cambridge University Press, 2010
- v. 1 : paperback
- v. 2 : paperback
- v. 3 : paperback
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注記
Reprint. Originally published: London : John W. Parker, 1837
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
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v. 1 : paperback ISBN 9781108019248
内容説明
A central figure in Victorian science, William Whewell (1794-1866) held professorships in Mineralogy and Moral Philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge, before becoming Master of the college in 1841. His mathematical textbooks, such as A Treatise on Dynamics (1823), were instrumental in bringing French analytical methods into British science. This three-volume history, first published in 1837, is one of Whewell's most famous works. Taking the 'acute, but fruitless, essays of Greek philosophy' as a starting point, it provides a history of the physical sciences that culminates with the mechanics, astronomy, and chemistry of 'modern times'. Volume 1 studies Greek physics and metaphysics, attributing their failure to a method that derived its principles from the common use of language. It surveys the state of the physical sciences in the middle ages, and deals with the rise of 'formal' astronomy - based on observation rather than calculation - as exemplified by Copernicus.
目次
- Introduction
- Preface
- Book I. History of the Greek School Philosophy, with Reference to Physical Science: 1. Prelude to the Greek School Philosophy
- 2. The Greek School Philosophy
- 3. Failure of the Greek School Philosophy
- Book II. History of the Physical Sciences in Ancient Greece: 1. Earliest stages of mechanics and hydrostatics
- 2. Earliest stages of optics
- 3. Earliest stages of harmonics
- Book III. History of Greek Astronomy: 1. Earliest stages of astronomy
- 2. Prelude to the inductive epoch of Hipparchus
- 3. Inductive epoch of Hipparchus
- 4. Sequel to the inductive epoch of Hipparchus
- Book IV. History of Physical Science in the Middle Ages: 1. On the indistinctness of ideas of the middle ages
- 2. The commentatorial spirit of the middle ages
- 3. Of the mysticism of the middle ages
- 4. Of the dogmatism of the middle ages
- 5. Progress of the arts in the middle ages
- Book V. History of Formal Astronomy after the Stationary Period: 1. Prelude to the inductive epoch of Copernicus
- 2. Induction of Copernicus. The heliocentric theory asserted on formal grounds
- 3. Sequel to Copernicus. The reception and development of the Copernican theory
- 4. Inductive epoch of Kepler
- 5. Sequel to the epoch of Kepler. Reception, verification, and extension of the elliptical theory.
- 巻冊次
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v. 2 : paperback ISBN 9781108019255
内容説明
A central figure in Victorian science, William Whewell (1794-1866) held professorships in Mineralogy and Moral Philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge, before becoming Master of the college in 1841. His mathematical textbooks, such as A Treatise on Dynamics (1823), were instrumental in bringing French analytical methods into British science. This three-volume history, first published in 1837, is one of Whewell's most famous works. Taking the 'acute, but fruitless, essays of Greek philosophy' as a starting point, it provides a history of the physical sciences that culminates with the mechanics, astronomy, and chemistry of 'modern times'. Volume 2 focuses on the rise and development of modern mechanics in the seventeenth century. Whewell shows how Galileo's laws of motion exemplify a paradigmatic shift from 'formal' to 'physical' sciences - a new approach concerned with explaining causes rather than merely observing phenomena. It also discusses the implications for physical astronomy of Newton's discoveries.
目次
- Part I. The Mechanical Sciences
- Book VI. History of Mechanics, Including Fluid Mechanics: 1. Prelude to the epoch of Galileo
- 2. Inductive epoch of Galileo. Discovery of the laws of motion in simple cases
- 3. Sequel to the epoch of Galileo. Period of verification and deduction
- 4. Discovery of the mechanical principles of fluids
- 5. Generalization of the principles of mechanics
- 6. Sequel of the generalization of the principles of mechanics. Period of mathematical deduction. Analytical mechanics
- Book VII. History of Physical Astronomy: 1. Prelude to the inductive epoch of Newton
- 2. The inductive epoch of Newton. Discovery of the universal gravitation of matter, according to the law of the inverse square of the distance
- 3. Sequel to the epoch of Newton. Reception of the Newtonian theory
- 4. Sequel to the epoch of Newton, continued. Verification and completion of the Newtonian theory
- 5. Discoveries added to the Newtonian theory
- 6. The instruments and aids of astronomy during the Newtonian period
- Part II. The Secondary Mechanical Sciences
- Book VIII. History of Acoustics: 1. Prelude to the solution of problems in acoustics
- 2. Problem of the vibrations of springs
- 3. Problem of the propagation of sound
- 4. Problem of different sounds of the same string
- 5. Problem of the sounds of pipes
- 6. Problem of different modes of vibration of bodies in general
- Book IX. History of Optics, Formal and Physical: 1. Primary induction of optics. Rays of light and laws of reflection
- 2. Discovery of the law of refraction
- 3. Discovery of the law of dispersion by refraction
- 4. Discovery of achromatism
- 5. Discovery of the laws of double refraction
- 6. Discovery of the laws of polarization
- 7. Discovery of the laws of the colours of thin plates
- 8. Attempts to discover the laws of other phenomena
- 9. Discovery of the laws of phenomena of dipolarized light
- 10. Prelude to the epoch of Young and Fresnel
- 11. Epoch of Young and Fresnel
- 12. Sequel to the epoch of Young and Fresnel. Reception of the undulatory theory
- 13. Confirmation and extension of the undulatory theory
- Book X. History of Thermotics and Atmology
- 1. The doctrines of conduction and radiation
- 2. The laws of changes occasioned by heat
- 3. The relation of vapour and air
- 4. Physical theories of heat.
- 巻冊次
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v. 3 : paperback ISBN 9781108019262
内容説明
A central figure in Victorian science, William Whewell (1794-1866) held professorships in Mineralogy and Moral Philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge, before becoming Master of the college in 1841. His mathematical textbooks, such as A Treatise on Dynamics (1823), were instrumental in bringing French analytical methods into British science. This three-volume history, first published in 1837, is one of Whewell's most famous works. Taking the 'acute, but fruitless, essays of Greek philosophy' as a starting point, it provides a history of the physical sciences that culminates with the mechanics, astronomy, and chemistry of 'modern times'. Volume 3 first covers the mechanico-chemical sciences, emphasizing the convergence of mechanical and chemical theories in discoveries pertaining to electricity, magnetism and thermodynamics. A section on chemistry surveys Becher and Stahl's phlogiston theory, Lavoisier's theory of oxygen, and Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction. The volume also covers mineralogy, botany, zoology, and anatomy.
目次
- Part III. The Mechanico-Chemical Sciences
- Book XI. History of Electricity: 1. Discovery of the laws of electric phenomena
- 2. The progress of electrical theory
- Book XII. History of Magnetism: 1. Discovery of the laws of magnetic phenomena
- 2. Progress of magnetic theory
- Book XIII. History of Galvanism, or Voltaic Electricity: 1. Discovery of voltaic electricity
- 2. Reception and confirmation of the discovery of voltaic electricity
- 3. Discovery of the laws of the mutual attraction and repulsion of voltaic currents
- 4. Discovery of electro-magnetic action. Oersted
- 5. Discovery of the laws of electro-magnetic action
- 6. Theory of electro-dynamic action
- 7. Consequences of the electro-dynamic theory
- 8. Discovery of the laws of magneto-electric induction. Faraday
- 9. Transition to chemical science
- Part IV. The Analytical Science. Book XIV. History of Chemistry: 1. Improvement of the notion of chemical analysis, and recognition of it as the spagiric art
- 2. Doctrine of acid and alkali. Sylvius
- 3. Doctrine of elective attractions. Geoffroy. Bergman
- 4. Doctrine of acidification and combustion. Phlogistic theory
- 5. Chemistry of gases. Black. Cavendish
- 6. Epoch of the theory of oxygen. Lavoisier
- 7. Application and correction of the oxygen theory
- 8. Theory of definite, reciprocal, and multiple proportions
- 9. Epoch of Davy and Faraday
- 10. Transition from the chemical to the classificatory sciences
- Part V. The Analytico-Classificatory Science
- Book XV. History of Mineralogy: Introduction
- 1. Prelude to the epoch of De Lisle and Hauy
- 2. Epoch of Rome and Hauy. Establishment of the fixity of crystalline angles, and the simplicity of the laws of derivation
- 3. Reception and corrections of the Hauian crystallography
- 4. Establishment of the distinction of systems of crystallization. Weiss and Mohs
- 5. Reception and confirmation of the distinction of systems of crystallization
- 6. Correction of the law of the same angle for the same substance
- 7. Attempts to establish the fixity of other physical properties. Werner
- 8. Attempts at the classification of minerals
- 9. Attempts at the reform of mineralogical systems. Separation of the chemical and natural history methods
- Part VI. Classificatory Sciences
- Book XVI. History of Systematic Botany and Zoology: 1. Imaginary knowledge of plants
- 2. Unsystematic knowledge of plants
- 3. Formation of a system of arrangement of plants
- 4. The reform of Linnaeus
- 5. Progress towards a natural system of botany
- 6. The progress of systematic zoology
- 7. The progress of ichthyology
- Part VII. Organical Sciences
- Book XVII. History of Physiology and Comparative Anatomy: 1. Discovery of the organs of voluntary motion
- 2. Discovery of the circulation of the blood
- 3. Discovery of the motion of the chyle, and consequent speculations
- 4. Examination of the process of reproduction in animals and plants, and consequent speculations
- 5. Examination of the nervous system, and consequent speculations
- 6. Introduction of the principle of developed and metamorphosed symmetry
- 7. Progress of animal morphology
- 8. The doctrine of final causes in physiology
- Part VIII. The Palaetiological Sciences
- Book XVIII. History of Geology: 1. Prelude to systematic descriptive geology
- 2. Formation of systematic descriptive geology
- 3. Sequel to the formation of systematic descriptive geology
- 4. Attempts to discover general laws in geology
- 5. Inorganic geological dynamics
- 6. Progress of the geological dynamics of organized beings
- 7. Progress of physical geology
- 8. The two antagonist doctrines of geology.
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