CiNii Books - Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer

Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 7th Edition is the gold standard of heat transfer pedagogy for more than 30 years, with a commitment to continuous improvement by four authors having more than 150 years of combined experience in heat transfer education, research and practice. Using a rigorous and systematic problem-solving methodology pioneered by this text, it is abundantly filled with examples and problems that reveal the richness and beauty of the discipline. This edition maintains its foundation in the four central learning objectives for students and also makes heat and mass transfer more approachable with an additional emphasis on the fundamental concepts, as well as highlighting the relevance of those ideas with exciting applications to the most critical issues of today and the coming decades: energy and the environment. An updated version of Interactive Heat Transfer (IHT) software makes it even easier to efficiently and accurately solve problems.

Table of Contents

Symbols xxi CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What and How? 2 1.2 Physical Origins and Rate Equations 3 1.3 Relationship to Thermodynamics 12 1.4 Units and Dimensions 36 1.5 Analysis of Heat Transfer Problems: Methodology 38 1.6 Relevance of Heat Transfer 41 1.7 Summary 45 References 48 Problems 49 CHAPTER 2 Introduction to Conduction 67 2.1 The Conduction Rate Equation 68 2.2 The Thermal Properties of Matter 70 2.3 The Heat Diffusion Equation 82 2.4 Boundary and Initial Conditions 90 2.5 Summary 94 References 95 Problems 95 CHAPTER 3 One-Dimensional, Steady-State Conduction 111 3.1 The Plane Wall 112 3.2 An Alternative Conduction Analysis 132 3.3 Radial Systems 136 3.4 Summary of One-Dimensional Conduction Results 142 3.5 Conduction with Thermal Energy Generation 142 3.6 Heat Transfer from Extended Surfaces 154 3.7 The Bioheat Equation 178 3.8 Thermoelectric Power Generation 182 3.9 Micro- and Nanoscale Conduction 189 3.10 Summary 190 References 193 Problems 193 CHAPTER 4 Two-Dimensional, Steady-State Conduction 229 4.1 Alternative Approaches 230 4.2 The Method of Separation of Variables 231 4.3 The Conduction Shape Factor and the Dimensionless Conduction Heat Rate 235 4.4 Finite-Difference Equations 241 4.5 Solving the Finite-Difference Equations 250 4.6 Summary 256 References 257 Problems 257 CHAPTER 5 Transient Conduction 279 5.1 The Lumped Capacitance Method 280 5.2 Validity of the Lumped Capacitance Method 283 5.3 General Lumped Capacitance Analysis 287 5.4 Spatial Effects 298 5.5 The Plane Wall with Convection 299 5.6 Radial Systems with Convection 303 5.7 The Semi-Infinite Solid 310 5.8 Objects with Constant Surface Temperatures or Surface Heat Fluxes 317 5.9 Periodic Heating 327 5.10 Finite-Difference Methods 330 5.11 Summary 345 References 346 Problems 346 CHAPTER 6 Introduction to Convection 377 6.1 The Convection Boundary Layers 378 6.2 Local and Average Convection Coefficients 382 6.3 Laminar and Turbulent Flow 389 6.4 The Boundary Layer Equations 394 6.5 Boundary Layer Similarity: The Normalized Boundary Layer Equations 398 6.6 Physical Interpretation of the Dimensionless Parameters 407 6.7 Boundary Layer Analogies 409 6.8 Summary 417 References 418 Problems 419 CHAPTER 7 External Flow 433 7.1 The Empirical Method 435 7.2 The Flat Plate in Parallel Flow 436 7.3 Methodology for a Convection Calculation 447 7.4 The Cylinder in Cross Flow 455 7.5 The Sphere 465 7.6 Flow Across Banks of Tubes 468 7.7 Impinging Jets 477 7.8 Packed Beds 482 7.9 Summary 483 References 486 Problems 486 CHAPTER 8 Internal Flow 517 8.1 Hydrodynamic Considerations 518 8.2 Thermal Considerations 523 8.3 The Energy Balance 529 8.4 Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes: Thermal Analysis and Convection Correlations 537 8.5 Convection Correlations: Turbulent Flow in Circular Tubes 544 8.6 Convection Correlations: Noncircular Tubes and the Concentric Tube Annulus 552 8.7 Heat Transfer Enhancement 555 8.8 Flow in Small Channels 558 8.9 Convection Mass Transfer 563 8.10 Summary 565 References 568 Problems 569 CHAPTER 9 Free Convection 593 9.1 Physical Considerations 594 9.2 The Governing Equations for Laminar Boundary Layers 597 9.3 Similarity Considerations 598 9.4 Laminar Free Convection on a Vertical Surface 599 9.5 The Effects of Turbulence 602 9.6 Empirical Correlations: External Free Convection Flows 604 9.7 Free Convection Within Parallel Plate Channels 618 9.8 Empirical Correlations: Enclosures 621 9.9 Combined Free and Forced Convection 627 9.10 Convection Mass Transfer 628 9.11 Summary 629 References 630 Problems 631 CHAPTER 10 Boiling and Condensation 653 10.1 Dimensionless Parameters in Boiling and Condensation 654 10.2 Boiling Modes 655 10.3 Pool Boiling 656 10.4 Pool Boiling Correlations 660 10.5 Forced Convection Boiling 669 10.6 Condensation: Physical Mechanisms 673 10.7 Laminar Film Condensation on a Vertical Plate 675 10.8 Turbulent Film Condensation 679 10.9 Film Condensation on Radial Systems 684 10.10 Condensation in Horizontal Tubes 689 10.11 Dropwise Condensation 690 10.12 Summary 691 References 691 Problems 693 CHAPTER 11 Heat Exchangers 705 11.1 Heat Exchanger Types 706 11.2 The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient 708 11.3 Heat Exchanger Analysis: Use of the Log Mean Temperature Difference 711 11.4 Heat Exchanger Analysis: The Effectiveness-NTU Method 722 11.5 Heat Exchanger Design and Performance Calculations 730 11.6 Additional Considerations 739 11.7 Summary 747 References 748 Problems 748 CHAPTER 12 Radiation: Processes and Properties 767 12.1 Fundamental Concepts 768 12.2 Radiation Heat Fluxes 771 12.3 Radiation Intensity 773 12.4 Blackbody Radiation 782 12.5 Emission from Real Surfaces 792 12.6 Absorption, Reflection, and Transmission by Real Surfaces 801 12.7 Kirchhoff's Law 810 12.8 The Gray Surface 812 12.9 Environmental Radiation 818 12.10 Summary 826 References 830 Problems 830 CHAPTER 13 Radiation Exchange Between Surfaces 861 13.1 The View Factor 862 13.2 Blackbody Radiation Exchange 872 13.3 Radiation Exchange Between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces in an Enclosure 876 13.4 Multimode Heat Transfer 893 13.5 Implications of the Simplifying Assumptions 896 13.6 Radiation Exchange with Participating Media 896 13.7 Summary 901 References 902 Problems 903 CHAPTER 14 Diffusion Mass Transfer 933 14.1 Physical Origins and Rate Equations 934 14.2 Mass Transfer in Nonstationary Media 939 14.3 The Stationary Medium Approximation 947 14.4 Conservation of Species for a Stationary Medium 947 14.5 Boundary Conditions and Discontinuous Concentrations at Interfaces 954 14.6 Mass Diffusion with Homogeneous Chemical Reactions 962 14.7 Transient Diffusion 965 14.8 Summary 971 References 972 Problems 972 APPENDIX A Thermophysical Properties of Matter 981 APPENDIX B Mathematical Relations and Functions 1013 APPENDIX C Thermal Conditions Associated with Uniform Energy Generation in One-Dimensional, Steady-State Systems 1019 APPENDIX D The Gauss-Seidel Method 1025 APPENDIX E The Convection Transfer Equations 1027 APPENDIX F Boundary Layer Equations for Turbulent Flow 1031 APPENDIX G An Integral Laminar Boundary Layer Solution for Parallel Flow over a Flat Plate 1035 Index 1039

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Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer

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