Human behavior and environment : advances in theory and research
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書誌事項
Human behavior and environment : advances in theory and research
Plenum Press, 1976-
- v. 1
- v. 2
- v. 3
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注記
子書誌あり
Publisher:Plenum -> Kluwer Academic/Plenum
Publisher:Springer -> Springer Science+Business Media
2004, Kluwer Academic/Plenum combines with Springer
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
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v. 1 ISBN 9780306333019
内容説明
This is the first in a series of volumes concerned with research encompassed by the rather broad term "environment and behavior. " The goal of the series is to begin the process of integration of knowledge on environmental and behavioral topics so that researchers and professionals can have material from diverse sources accessible in a single publication. The field of environment and behavior is broad and interdiscipli- nary, with researchers drawn from a variety of traditional disciplines such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, geography, and other social and behavioral sciences, and from the biological and life sciences of medicine, psychiatry, biology, and ethology. The interdis- ciplinary quality of the field is also reflected in the extensive involve- ment of environmental professionals from architecture, urban plan- ning, landscape architecture, interior design, and other fields such as recreation and natural resources, to name just a few. At present, the field has a somewhat chaotic flavor, with research being carried out by a variety of scholars who publish in a multitude of outlets.
Many researchers and practitioners are unaware of the state of knowledge regarding a specific topic because of the unavailability of integrated reference materials. There are only a handful of books dealing with environment and behavior, most of them unintegrated collections of readings, with only an occasional systematic analysis of some facet of the field.
目次
1 Attitudes, Behavior, and Environmental Policy Issues.- Some Preliminary Observations.- Man and Nature-Ambivalence and Inconsistency.- Environmental Words and Environmental Deeds.- The Behavior-Cognition Link.- The Transactional Model.- Implications for Public Policy.- Methodology.- Future Research.- Public Participation.- Environmental Education.- References.- 2 Environmental Aesthetics: The Environment as a Source of Affect.- A Psychological Foundation for Environmental Aesthetics.- The Role of Collative Properties of Stimuli.- Two Exploratory Attitudes: Specific versus Diversive.- Review of Environmental Aesthetics Research.- Research on the Role of Berlyne's Collative Properties: Complexity.- The Role of Other Collative Variables.- The Place of Uncertainty in Environmental Aesthetics: A Reappraisal.- Issues of Methodology in the Study of Environmental Aesthetics.- Definition and Measurement of Environmental Variables.- Sampling of Environments.- Mode of Presentation of Environmental Stimuli.- Selection of Response Measures.- Some Unresolved Issues in Environmental Aesthetics.- Unity versus Diversity.- The Natural versus the Man-Made.- Beautiful versus Ugly: Continuum or N-Dimensional Space.- The Effects of Prolonged Exposure to a Given Environment.- The Place of Individual Differences in Environmental Evaluation.- Practical Applications of Environmental Aesthetics.- Architecture, Design, and Planning.- Management of Natural Recreation Areas.- Environmental Impact Statements.- Environmental Law.- Conclusion.- References.- 3 Perception of Landscape and Land Use.- A Research Rationale.- Matters of Policy.- Practice and Research.- Landscape and Land-Use Issues in the Forest Service.- A Landscape Planning Orientation.- Intergroup Agreement.- Planning Procedures.- Predicting Scenic Quality.- Future Directions.- Summary.- References.- 4 Motivational and Social Aspects of Recreational Behavior.- Motivational Aspects of Recreation.- The Hierarchy of Needs.- The Importance of Place of Residence.- Social Forces.- The Influence of Personality.- Review and Prospects.- References.- 5 Work Environments.- Effects on Workers: A Framework.- Work Environments: A Second Framework.- Settings.- Industrial Plants.- Business Offices.- Conclusion.- References.- 6 Behavioral Ecology, Health Status, and Health Care: Applications to the Rehabilitation Setting.- Behavioral Ecology.- The Problem of Spinal Cord Injury.- The Research Setting.- Behavior Setting Survey.- Developmental Work on Patient Observation.- Longitudinal Observations: Assessment of Patient Performance.- Key Aspects of Behavioral Ecology.- Molar Phenomena and Nonreductionism.- Behavioral Focus.- Naturalistic Emphasis.- Distribution of Phenomena.- Environment and Behavior.- Site Specificity and Place Dependencies.- Long Time Periods.- Systems Concepts and the Illusion of Side Effects.- Concluding Comments.- References.- 7 Environmental Change and the Elderly.- The Elderly-A Population at Risk.- Psychological Change.- Physiological Change.- Social Deficit.- Environmental Change.- Residential Mobility, Relocation, and Environmental Change.- Current Theory.- References.
- 巻冊次
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v. 2 ISBN 9780306333026
内容説明
The papers comprising this second volume of Human Behavior and the Environment represent, as do their predecessors, a cross section of current work in the broad area of problems dealing with interrelation- ships between the physical environment and human behavior, at both the individual and the aggregate levels. Considering the two volumes as a unit, we have included papers covering a broad spectrum of problems ranging from the theoretical to the applied, and from the disciplinary-based to the interdisciplinary and professional. Approxi- mately half of the papers are written by psychologists, with the remainder coming, in part, from such other disciplines as sociology, geography, and from such diverse applied and professional fields as natural recreation, landscape architecture, urban planning, and opera- tions research. The volumes thus provide an overview of work on current topical problems.
Yet, as the field is developing, specialization is inevitably increasing apace, and the editors as well as the publisher have become convinced of the desirability for futu're volumes in this series to be organized along topical lines, with successive volumes devoted to different aspects of this rather sprawling field. Thus, Volume 3, currently in the planning stage, will be devoted exclusively to the interaction of children with the physical environment, considered from diverse viewpoints, again including authors from diverse fields of specialization.
目次
1 Multidimensional Analysis in the Study of Environmental Behavior and Environmental Design.- Measurement and Data.- Some Multidimensional Methods.- Fundamentals of Multidimensional Scaling.- Factor Analysis.- Cluster Analysis.- Repertory Grids.- Some Other Multivariate Methods.- Summary.- References.- 2 Understanding Professional Media: Issues, Theory, And a Research Agenda.- Roles of Simulation in the Planning/Design Process.- Analysis of the Existing Environment.- Design Generation.- Presentation and Public Communication.- A Communications Model of the Planning-Review Process.- The Proponents.- The Evaluators.- Simulations.- The Information Base and Storage System.- Simulation Media and Presentation Formats.- The Simulation Setting.- Public Criteria for Simulation Media.- Realism: Which Reality? Whose Reality?.- Accuracy.- Comprehensibility and Evaluation.- Engagement.- Costs and Flexibility.- Initial Costs.- Production Costs.- Flexibility.- Conflicts Among Criteria.- Assessing Realism.- Visual Replication.- Detail and Texture.- Tone.- Color.- Field of View.- Multiple Viewpoints.- Three-Dimensionality.- Movement.- Sound.- The Media.- Verbal Descriptions.- Architectural Plans, Sections and Elevations, Site and Land-Use Plans.- Aerial Perspectives, Axonometrics.- Ground-Level Perspectives.- Photomontage.- Perspective Sequences.- Abstract Models.- Naturalistic Models.- Computer Graphics.- Model Simulators.- Evaluating the Media.- Research Agenda.- References.- 3 Environmental Stress.- Sources of Stress.- Environmental Stressors.- Person-induced Stress.- Stress-Response Characteristics.- Somatic.- Behavioral.- Subjective.- Inadequacies of Conventional Approaches to Stress.- An Alternative Model.- Stress at Different Levels of Analysis.- Mediating Processes.- Transaction and interaction.- Implications for Environmental Psychology Research.- Implications for Research on Stress and Coping.- References.- 4 Applied Behavior Analysis and the Solution of Environmental Problems.- The Current State of Environmental Psychology and the Solution of Environmental Problems.- The Applied Analysis of Environmentally Relevant Behavior.- Environmental Aesthetics.- The Problem of Littering.- The Problem of Noise.- Conserving Natural and Human-Produced Resources.- Promoting Recycling.- Changing the Use of Transportation Systems.- Changing Patterns and Levels of Energy Use.- Conclusions and Implications.- Problem-Focused Research.- Generalization to Other Environmental Problems.- Synergistic Effects.- References.- 5 Personal Space: An Analysis of e. T. HALL'S Proxemics Framework.- Spatial Distances and Zones.- Intimate Distance.- Personal Distance.- Social Distance.- Public Distance.- Qualifications Concerning Spatial Zones.- The Rationale for Four Spatial Zones.- Qualifying Factors.- Culture and Proxemics.- The Present Status of Research on Personal Space.- Methods of Study.- Content Areas of Research.- Plan for Analyzing Research on Personal Space.- General Characteristics of Personal Space Research.- Methodological Features of Research on Distancing Behavior.- Use of Spatial Zones.- Studies of Spatial Intrusion and Invasion.- General Characteristics of Invasion Studies.- Findings of Spatial-Invasion Studies.- Reactions to Intruding on Others.- Interpersonal Relationships and Spatial Distance.- General Characteristics of Studies of Interpersonal Relationships.- Findings of Studies of Interpersonal Relations and Distance.- Individual Characteristics and Spatial Distance.- General Characteristics of Studies on Individual Factors.- Findings of Studies of Individual Factors and Distance.- Relationship between Distance and Other Behaviors.- General Characteristics of Studies of the Relationship between Distance and Other Behaviors.- Findings of Studies of the Relationship between Distance and Other Behaviors.- Culture and Personal Space.- General Characteristics of Studies of Culture and Distance.- Findings of Studies of Culture and Distance.- Summary and Conclusions.- Summary of Findings.- Directions for Future Research.- A Final Note.- References.- 6 Energy and the Structuring of Society: Methodological Issues.- Tools for Thinking about Energy and Society.- Man-Environment Knowledge as Part of Knowledge about Society.- A Nesting System and Its Levels of Generality.- Energy as an Environmental Issue.- Environment and Culture: The General Connection.- Environment as a Socially Integrative Focus.- The Resolution of Environmental Conflicts.- Energy in Society.- Energy: The Social Potentiator.- Socially Relevant Characteristics of Energy.- Social Changes Associated with Energy.- A Research Suggestion.- Appendix A: On Social Science, Philosophical Anthropology, and Social Policy.- Appendix B: The Nested System: A Short Commentary.- The Three-Termed Unit Act.- The Cultural Paradigm.- Institutional Rules.- Relational Organizations.- Ecological Units and Ecological Organizations.- The Articulation of the Systems.- Appendix C: Indicators for the Energy-Society Model.- References.- 7 The Use of Social Indicators in Environmental Planning.- Social Indicators: Integral Components of Environmental Planning Models.- Some Questions to be Addressed.- A Brief History of the Social-Indicator Movement.- Environmental Planning in a General Systems-Theory Framework.- Planning Definition.- Definition of Environment.- Systems Definitions and Their Relevance to Social Indicators and Environmental Planning.- Social Indicators as Measures of System Performance.- Some Traditional Indicators.- Characteristics of Systems Allowing Measurement of Change.- Characteristics of Social Indicators that Measure System Change.- A Measure of Perceived Life Quality.- A Measure of Satisfaction with the Allocation of Time.- Leisure Time.- Social Alienation.- Environmental Planning.- Conclusion.- References.
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