Perspectives in primary education
著者
書誌事項
Perspectives in primary education
（Plan Europe 2000, project 1 . Educating man for the 21st century ; v. 7）
Nijhoff, 1974
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Primary education in Europe, as in the United States and other conti nents, is passing through a period of profound change, affecting some of the fundamental educational aims at primary school level and teaching structure, content and methods. The purpose of this study is to sketch a broad picture of the Euro pean educational scene which may be brought about by the impact of innovation in industrialised countries. We are only too aware of the difficulties inherent in our task. Even when projections and forecasts are firmly rooted in an analysis of existing data, they are liable to be contradicted by the facts. We shall attempt to allow for those alternative situations which may provide the context for the organisation and functioning of primary education. We make no claim to portray the European primary school at the end of the twentieth or at the beginning of the twenty-first century. We shall do no more than analyse existing achievements and experiments based on research in the associated fields of education, psychology and sociology and from this analysis extrapolate a series of forecasts based on objective factors of a social and intellectual nature, offering realistic hypotheses for the future. Our aim is to provide sound guidelines for those who are to build a better future for our children.
目次
I Structural and Educational Developments in the Primary School.- 1. Aims of Education.- Why we define educational aims. The current debate on educational aims. The theory of "the cultivation of the intellect" and its social motivation. Definition of the aims of the progressive education movement. The relation between thinking and doing. Educational aims in recent theories of cognitive learning. The study of prejudice in its relation to education. The contribution of psychotherapy. Intergroup education. International education. Education for peace. Education and mass culture. Education for leisure. Education through art. Work in education. Language education. Conclusion.- 2. Innovations in the Structures of Primary Education.- Changes in organisation. The impact of educational democratisation on changing school structures. Compensatory education. The debate on compensatory education. The trend towards integration. Continuity between primary and secondary education. The Scuola-Quartiere (School and Neighbourhood) movement. A fresh approach to the educational needs of children from minority groups. Curriculum changes in the light of structural changes in the school. The education of teachers.- 3. Progress in Educational Psychology.- Educational psychology and the future of education. Flexibility and planning. Interpersonal relationship and social position. Educational psychology at a turning point. Learning and creativity. Educational psychology and clinical psychology. Laboratory structures. Technology and the future of education. Differential classes and differential treatment. Work as an introduction to technology and the management of social services. Conclusion.- 4. Personality, Family and Social Factors of Achievement.- one - Small sample: Findings.- A. Intellectual operations.- B. Linguistic mediations.- C. The interactions between children, family and school.- two - Large sample: Findings.- A. Intelligence and achievement tests.- B. Personality and socialization.- Drawings of the family and interviews with children and parents. Conclusion.- II The Curriculum in the Primary School.- 5. Mathematics.- The role of mathematics. Research and planning. The development of new mathematics curricula. Mathematics and creativity. Value of play. Discovery method. Open-ended problems and situations. Mathematics in the curriculum. The teacher's role. New directions in mathematics education.- 6. Social Studies.- The educational implications of the term "social studies". Current problems and prospects for social studies. Broadening the field of social studies. Subject approach versus coordinated approach. Criticism of the "expanding environment approach". The cognitive aspect of social studies. Social studies and social education.- 7. Artistic and Creative Activity.- Aesthetic activity as play. Creativity, a social necessity of tomorrow? The marginal role of art education. Loss of creativity in the ten to twelve age group. The precarious nature of primary education. Art and art education: influences and autonomy. The interaction between art and school. The tendancy to syn-aesthetic forms. Art education as a multilateral process. Creative technology. Artistic and scientific creativity. The role of emotivity. The formation of aesthetic taste. Contemplation and its relationship to reality. Artistic creativity and the teacher.- Biographical Notes.
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