Classical topology and combinatorial group theory
著者
書誌事項
Classical topology and combinatorial group theory
（Graduate texts in mathematics, 72）
Springer-Verlag, c1993
2nd ed
- : us
- : gw
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. [307]-318) and index
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
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: us ISBN 9780387979700
内容説明
In recent years, many students have been introduced to topology in high school mathematics. Having met the Mobius band, the seven bridges of Konigsberg, Euler's polyhedron formula, and knots, the student is led to expect that these picturesque ideas will come to full flower in university topology courses. What a disappointment "undergraduate topology" proves to be! In most institutions it is either a service course for analysts, on abstract spaces, or else an introduction to homological algebra in which the only geometric activity is the completion of commutative diagrams. Pictures are kept to a minimum, and at the end the student still does nr~ understand the simplest topological facts, such as the rcason why knots exist. In my opinion, a well-balanced introduction to topology should stress its intuitive geometric aspect, while admitting the legitimate interest that analysts and algebraists have in the subject. At any rate, this is the aim of the present book. In support of this view, I have followed the historical development where practicable, since it clearly shows the influence of geometric thought at all stages. This is not to claim that topology received its main impetus from geometric recreations like the seven bridges; rather, it resulted from the l'isualization of problems from other parts of mathematics-complex analysis (Riemann), mechanics (Poincare), and group theory (Dehn). It is these connec tions to other parts of mathematics which make topology an important as well as a beautiful subject.
目次
0 Introduction and Foundations.- 0.1 The Fundamental Concepts and Problems of Topology.- 0.2 Simplicial Complexes.- 0.3 The Jordan Curve Theorem.- 0.4 Algorithms.- 0.5 Combinatorial Group Theory.- 1 Complex Analysis and Surface Topology.- 1.1 Riemann Surfaces.- 1.2 Nonorientable Surfaces.- 1.3 The Classification Theorem for Surfaces.- 1.4 Covering Surfaces.- 2 Graphs and Free Groups.- 2.1 Realization of Free Groups by Graphs.- 2.2 Realization of Subgroups.- 3 Foundations for the Fundamental Group.- 3.1 The Fundamental Group.- 3.2 The Fundamental Group of the Circle.- 3.3 Deformation Retracts.- 3.4 The Seifert-Van Kampen Theorem.- 3.5 Direct Products.- 4 Fundamental Groups of Complexes.- 4.1 Poincare's Method for Computing Presentations.- 4.2 Examples.- 4.3 Surface Complexes and Subgroup Theorems.- 5 Homology Theory and Abelianization.- 5.1 Homology Theory.- 5.2 The Structure Theorem for Finitely Generated Abelian Groups.- 5.3 Abelianization.- 6 Curves on Surfaces.- 6.1 Dehn's Algorithm.- 6.2 Simple Curves on Surfaces.- 6.3 Simplification of Simple Curves by Homeomorphisms.- 6.4 The Mapping Class Group of the Torus.- 7 Knots and Braids.- 7.1 Dehn and Schreier's Analysis of the Torus Knot Groups.- 7.2 Cyclic Coverings.- 7.3 Braids.- 8 Three-Dimensional Manifolds.- 8.1 Open Problems in Three-Dimensional Topology.- 8.2 Polyhedral Schemata.- 8.3 Heegaard Splittings.- 8.4 Surgery.- 8.5 Branched Coverings.- 9 Unsolvable Problems.- 9.1 Computation.- 9.2 HNN Extensions.- 9.3 Unsolvable Problems in Group Theory.- 9.4 The Homeomorphism Problem.- Bibliography and Chronology.
- 巻冊次
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: gw ISBN 9783540979708
内容説明
This is a well-balanced introduction to topology that stresses geometric aspects. Focusing on historical background and visual interpretation of results, it emphasizes spaces with few dimensions, where visualization is possible, and interaction with combinatorial group theory via the fundamental group. It also present algorithms for topological problems. Most of the results and proofs are known, but some have been simplified or placed in a new perspective. Over 300 illustrations, many interesting exercises, and challenging open problems are included. New in this edition is a chapter on unsolvable problems, which includes the first textbook proof that the main problem of topology, the homeomorphism problem, is unsolvable.
目次
0: Introduction and Foundations. 1: Complex Analysis and Surface Topology. 2: Graphs and Free Groups. 3: Foundations for the Fundamental Group. 4: Fundamental Groups of Complexes. 5: Homology Theory and Abelianization. 6: Curves on Surfaces. 7: Knots and Braids. 8: Three-Dimensional Manifolds. 9: Unsolvable Problems.
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