Algebra
著者
書誌事項
Algebra
Birkhäuser, c1993
- : hard. acid-free
- : pbk. acid free
- : hard. acid-free
- : pbk. acid-free
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内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
-
: pbk. acid free ISBN 9780817636777
内容説明
This book is about algebra. This is a very old science and its gems have lost their charm for us through everyday use. We have tried in this book to refresh them for you. The main part of the book is made up of problems. The best way to deal with them is: Solve the problem by yourself - compare your solution with the solution in the book (if it exists) - go to the next problem. However, if you have difficulties solving a problem (and some of them are quite difficult), you may read the hint or start to read the solution. If there is no solution in the book for some problem, you may skip it (it is not heavily used in the sequel) and return to it later. The book is divided into sections devoted to different topics. Some of them are very short, others are rather long. Of course, you know arithmetic pretty well. However, we shall go through it once more, starting with easy things. 2 Exchange of terms in addition Let's add 3 and 5: 3+5=8. And now change the order: 5+3=8. We get the same result. Adding three apples to five apples is the same as adding five apples to three - apples do not disappear and we get eight of them in both cases. 3 Exchange of terms in multiplication Multiplication has a similar property. But let us first agree on notation.
目次
- 1 Introduction.- 2 Exchange of terms in addition.- 3 Exchange of terms in multiplication.- 4 Addition in the decimal number system.- 5 The multiplication table and the multiplication algorithm.- 6 The division algorithm.- 7 The binary system.- 8 The commutative law.- 9 The associative law.- 10 The use of parentheses.- 11 The distributive law.- 12 Letters in algebra.- 13 The addition of negative numbers.- 14 The multiplication of negative numbers.- 15 Dealing with fractions.- 16 Powers.- 17 Big numbers around us.- 18 Negative powers.- 19 Small numbers around us.- 20 How to multiply am by an, or why our definition is convenient.- 21 The rule of multiplication for powers.- 22 Formula for short multiplication: The square of a sum.- 23 How to explain the square of the sum formula to our younger brother or sister.- 24 The difference of squares.- 25 The cube of the sum formula.- 26 The formula for (a + b)4.- 27 Formulas for (a + b)5, (a + b)6,... and Pascal's triangle.- 28 Polynomials.- 29 A digression: When are polynomials equal?.- 30 How many monomials do we get?.- 31 Coefficients and values.- 32 Factoring.- 33 Rational expressions.- 34 Converting a rational expression into the quotient of two polynomials.- 35 Polynomial and rational fractions in one variable.- 36 Division of polynomials in one variable
- the remainder.- 37 The remainder when dividing by x - a.- 38 Values of polynomials, and interpolation.- 39 Arithmetic progressions.- 40 The sum of an arithmetic progression.- 41 Geometric progressions.- 42 The sum of a geometric progression.- 43 Different problems about progressions.- 44 The well-tempered clavier.- 45 The sum of an infinite geometric progression.- 46 Equations.- 47 A short glossary.- 48 Quadratic equations.- 49 The case p =. Square roots.- 50 Rules for square roots.- 51 The equation x2 + px + q =.- 52 Vieta's theorem.- 53 Factoring ax2 + bx + c.- 54 A formula for ax2 + bx + c = (where a ? 0).- 55 One more formula concerning quadratic equations.- 56 A quadratic equation becomes linear.- 57 The graph of the quadratic polynomial.- 58 Quadratic inequalities.- 59 Maximum and minimum values of a qua ratic polynomial.- 60 Biquadratic equations.- 61 Symmetric equations.- 62 How to confuse students on an exam.- 63 Roots.- 64 Non-integer powers.- 65 Proving inequalities.- 66 Arithmetic and geometric means.- 67 The geometric mean does not exceed the arithmetic mean.- 68 Problems about maximum and minimum.- 69 Geometric illustrations.- 70 The arithmetic and geometric means of everal numbers.- 71 The quadratic mean.- 72 The harmonic mean.
- 巻冊次
-
: hard. acid-free ISBN 9780817637378
内容説明
This elementary text aims to present algebra in a clear and simple form that should engage the interest of school and college students. Gelfand is the author of "Functions and Graphs" and "Methods and Coordinates".
- 巻冊次
-
: pbk. acid-free ISBN 9783764336776
内容説明
The need for improved mathematics education at the high school and college levels has never been more apparent than in the 1990s. As early as the 1960s, I.M. Gelfand and his colleagues in the USSR thought hard about this same question and developed a style for presenting basic mathematics in a clear and simple form that engaged the curiosity and intellectual interest of thousands of school and college students. These same ideas, this development, are available in the present books to any student who is willing to read, to be stimulated, and to learn. Algebra is an elementary algebra text from one of the leading mathematicians of the world - a major contribution to the teaching of the very first high school level course in a centuries old topic - refreshed by the author's inimitable pedagogical style and deep understanding of mathematics and how it is taught and learned.
目次
- 1. Introduction. 2. Exchange of Terms in Addition. 3. Exchange of Terms in Multiplication. 4. Addition in the Positional Number System. 5. The Multiplication Table and the Multiplication Method. 6. The Division Algorithm. 7. The Binary System. 8. The Commutative Law. 9. The Associative Law. 10. The Use of Parentheses. 11. The Distributive Law. 12. Letters in Algebra. 13. The Addition of Negative Numbers. 14. The Multiplication of Negative Numbers. 15. Dealing with Fractions. 16. Powers. 17. Big Numbers Around Us. 18. Negative Powers. 19. Small Numbers Around Us. 20. How to Multiply am by an or Why Our Definition is Convenient. 21. The Rule of Multiplication for Powers. 22. Formula for Short Multiplication: The Square of a Sum. 23. How to Explain the Square of the Sum Formula to Your Younger Brother or Sister. 24. The Difference of Squares. 25. The Cube of the Sum Formula. 26. The Formula for (a + b)4. 27. Formula for (a + b)-5, (a + b)6... and the Pascal Triangle. 28. Polynomials. 29. A Digression: When Are Polynomials Equal?. 30. How Many Monomials Do We Get?. 31. Coefficients and Values. 32. Factoring. 33. Rational Expressions. 34. Converting Rational Expression into the Quotient of Two Polynomials. 35. Polynomial and Rational Fractions in One Variable. 36. Division of Polynomials in One Variable
- the Remainder. 37. The Remainder When Dividing by x - a. 38. Values of Polynomials and Interpolation. 39. Arithmetic Progressions. 40. The Sum of an Arithmetic Progression. 41. Geometric Progressions. 42. The Sum of a Geometric Progression. 43. Different Problems about Progressions. 44. The Well Tempered Clavier. 45. The Sum of an Infinite Geometric Progression. 46. Equations. 47. A Short Dictionary. 48. Quadratic Equations. 49. The Case p = 0. Square Roots. 50. Rules for Square Roots. 51. The Equation x2 + px + q = 0. 52. Vieta's Theorem. 53. Factoring ax2 + bx + c. 54. A Formula for ax2+ bx + c = 0 (where a = 0). 55. One More Formula Concerning Quadratic Equations. 56. A Quadratic Equation Becomes Linear. 57. The Graph of the Quadratic Polynomial. 58. Quadratic Inequalities. 59. Maximum and Minimum Values of a Quadratic Polynomial. 60. Biquadratic Equations. 61. Symmetric Equations. 62. How to Confuse the Student on the Exam. 63. Roots. 64. Non-integer Powers. 65. Proving Inequalities. 66. Arithmetic and Geometric Means. 67. The Geometric Mean Does Not Exceed the Arithmetic Mean. 68. Problems About Maximum and Minimum. 69. Geometric Illustrations. 70. The Arithmetic and Geometric Mean of Several Numbers. 71. The Quadratic Mean. 72. The Harmonic Mean.
- 巻冊次
-
: hard. acid-free ISBN 9783764337377
内容説明
This elementary text aims to present algebra in a clear and simple form that should engage the interest of school and college students. Gelfand is the author of "Functions and Graphs" and "Methods and Coordinates".
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