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v. 6 ISBN 9780691010861
内容説明
Presented in this volume are Albert Einstein's writings from his arrival in Berlin in the spring of 1914 to take up his new position at the Prussian Academy of Sciences through the end of 1917. During these years he completed the general theory of relativity--the relativistic theory of gravitation--and this was surely the high point of his scientific life. His writings on relativity in this volume range from general treatments of the theory to detailed calculations of specific consequences and his first attempt at a relativistic account of cosmology. They also include his popular exposition of the special and general theories, first published in 1917 and still a valuable account for the general reader. As soon as the difficulties on the path to general relativity had been overcome, Einstein returned to the riddles of the quantum theory. His major clarification of the quantum theory of radiation appears here along with his lesser known contribution to the formulation of quantum conditions. This volume also contains the papers describing Einstein's only experimental investigation, a study of Ampere's molecular currents, which he carried out with the Dutch physicist W. J. de Haas.
Before the beginning of World War I, Einstein had never expressed his views on nonscientific subjects. Yet one of his first reactions to this previously unthinkable general war was to sign an "Appeal to Europeans" urging an immediate end to hostilities. Every document in The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein appears in the language in which it was written.
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List of Texts ix INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL Introduction to Volume 6 xv Acknowledgments xxvi List of Location Symbols and Descriptive Symbols xxvii TEXTS 1 1."On the Principle of Relativity," 26 April 1914 3 "Vom Relativit5ts-Prinzip" Vossische Zeitung, 26 April 1914 2."Covariance Properties of the Field Equations of the Theory of Gravitation Based on the Generalized Theory of Relativity," 29 May 1914 "Kovarianzeigenschaften der Feldgleichungen der auf die verallgemeinerte Relativitatstheorie gegrundeten Gravitationstheorie" 6 Zeitschrift fur Mathematik und Physik 63 (1914) 3."Inaugural Lecture," 2 July 1914 19 "Antrittsrede" Koniglich Preuaische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1914) 4."Remarks on P. Harzer's Paper: 'On the Dragging of Light in Glass and on Aberration'," 18 July 1914 25 "Bemerkungen zu P. Harzers Abhandlung ,,Uber die Mitfuhrung des Lichtes in Glas und die Aberration" Astronomische Nachrichten 199 (1914) 5."Contributions to Quantum Theory," 24 July 1914 29 "Beitrage zur Quantentheorie" Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen 16 (1914) 6."Response to Paul Harzer's Reply," 18 August 1914 41 "Antwort auf eine Replik Paul Harzers" Astronomische Nachrichten 199 (1914) 7.Lecture Notes for Course on Relativity at the University of Berlin, 44 Winter Semester 1914/1915, 16 October 1914-15 March 1915 8."Manifesto to the Europeans" (with G. F. Nicolai and 69 F. W. Forster), mid-October 19t4 "Aufruf an die Europaer" 9."The Formal Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity," 29 October 1914 72 "Die formale Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie" Koniglich Preuaische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1914) 10.Review of Alexander Brill, The Principle of Relativity: An Introduction to the Theory, 27 November 1914 131 Das Relativitatsprinzip. Eine Einfuhrung in die Theorie Die Naturwissenschaften 2 (1914) 11.Review of H. A. Lorentz, The Principle of Relativity: Three Lectures ... 27 November 1914 134 Das Relativitatsprinzip. Drei Vorlesungen ... Die Naturwissenschaften 2 (1914) 12."Expert Opinion on Legal Dispute between Anschutz & Co. and Sperry Gyroscope Company," 6 February 1915 137 "Gutachten zum Rechtsstreit Anschutz & Co. gegen Sperry-Gyroscope Company" Editorial Note: Einstein on Ampere's Molecular Currents 145 13."Experimental Proof of Amp6re's Molecular Currents" 151 (with Wander J. de Haas), 19 February 1915 "Experimenteller Nachweis der Ampereschen Molekularstrome" Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen 17 (1915) 14."Experimental Proof of the Existence of Ampere's Molecular Currents" (with Wander J. de Haas), 23 April 1915 172 Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen to Amsterdam. Section of Sciences. Proceedings 18 (1915-16) 15."Experimental Proof of Ampere's Molecular Currents," 7 May 1915 190 "Experimenteller Nachweis der Ampereschen Molekularstrome" Die Naturwissenschaften 3 (1915) 16."Correction of My Joint Paper with J. W. de Haas: 'Experimental Proof of Ampere's Molecular Currents'," 10 May 1915 194 "Berichtigung zu meiner gemeinsam mit Herrn J. W. de Haas veroffentlichten Arbeit ,,Experimenteller Nachweis der Ampereschen Molekularstrome" " Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen 17 (1915) 17."Comment on the Essay Submitted by Knapp: 'The Shearing of the Light-Ether ...'," 15 June 1915 197 "Ausserung zu dem von Herrn Knapp eingereichten Aufsatze ,,Die Scherung des Lichtathers ..." 18."Response to a Paper by M. von Laue: 'A Theorem in Probability Calculus and Its Application to Radiation Theory'," 24 June 1915 198 "Antwort auf eine Abhandlung M. v. Laues ,,Ein Satz der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und seine Anwendung auf die Strahlungstheorie" " Annalen der Physik 47 (1915) 19."Supplementary Expert Opinion," 7 August 1915 "Nachtragsgutachten" 207 20."My Opinion on the War," 23 October-11 November 1915 211 "Meine Meinung Uber den Krieg" 21."On the General Theory of Relativity," 4 November 1915 214 "Zur allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie" Koniglich Preuaische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1915) 22."On the General Theory of Relativity (Addendum)," 11 November 1915 225 "Zur allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie (Nachtrag)" Koniglich Preuaische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1915) 23."Comment on Our Paper: 'Experimental Proof of Ampere's Molecular Currents"' (with Wander J. de Haas), 15 November 1915 230 "Notiz zu unserer Arbeit "Experimenteller Nachweis der Ampereschen Molekularstrome" Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen 17 (1915) 24."Explanation of the Perihelion Motion of Mercury from the General Theory of Relativity," 18 November 1915 233 "Erklarung der Perihelbewegung des Merkur aus der allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie" Koniglich Preuaische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1915) 25."The Field Equations of Gravitation," 25 November 1915 244 "Die Feldgleichungen der Gravitation" Koniglich Preuaische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1915) 26."On the Theory of Tetrode and Sackur for the Entropy Constant," ca. 14 January 1916 250 "Zur Tetrode-Sakkur'schen Theorie der Entropie-Konstante" 27."A New Formal Interpretation of Maxwell's Field Equations of Electrodynamics," 3 February 1916 263 "Eine neue formale Deutung der Maxwellschen Feldgleichungen der Elektrodynamik" Koniglich Preuaische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1916) 28."A Simple Experiment to Demonstrate Ampere's Molecular Currents," 25 February 1916 270 "Ein einfaches Experiment zum Nachweis der Ampereschen Molekularstrome" Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen 18 (1916) 29."Ernst Mach," 14 March 1916 277 Physikalische Zeitschrift 17 (1916) 30."The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity," 20 March 1916 283 "Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie" Annalen der Physik 49 (1916) 31."Appendix. Formulation of the Theory on the Basis of a Variational Principle," before 20 March 1916 340 "Anhang. Darstellung der Theorie ausgehend von einem Variationsprinzip" 32."Approximative Integration of the Field Equations of Gravitation," 22 June 1916 347 "Naherungsweise Integration der Feldgleichungen der Gravitation" Koniglich Preuaische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1916) 33."Einstein's Memorial Lecture on Karl Schwarzschild," 29 June 1916 358 "Gedachtnisrede des Hrn. Einstein auf Karl Schwarzschild" Koniglich Preuaische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1916) 34."Emission and Absorption of Radiation in Quantum Theory," 17 July 1916 363 "Strahlungs-Emission und -Absorption nach der Quantentheorie" Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen 18 (1916) 35."Preface" to Erwin Freundlich, The Foundations of Einstein's Theory of Gravitation, ca. August 1916 371 36.Review of H. A. Lorentz, Statistical Theories in Thermodynamics: Five Lectures ... 11 August 1916 374 Les theories statistiques en thermodynamique Die Naturwissenschaften 4 (1916) 37."Author's Summary of The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity, 11 August 1916 378 Die Naturwissenschaften 4 (1916) 38."On the Quantum Theory of Radiation," after 24 August 1916 381 "Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung" Physikalische Gesellschaft Zurich. Mitteilungen 18 (1916) 39."Elementary Theory of Water Waves and of Flight," 25 August 1916 "Elementare Theorie der Wasserwellen und des Fluges" 399 Die Naturwissenschaften 4 (1916) 40."On Friedrich Kottler's Paper: 'On Einstein's Equivalence Hypothesis and Gravitation'," October 1916 403 "Uber Friedrich Kottlers Abhandlung ,,Uber Einsteins Aquivalenzhypothese und die Gravitation" Annalen der Physik 51 (1916) 41."Hamilton's Principle and the General Theory of Relativity," 26 October 1916 409 "Hamiltonsches Prinzip und allgemeine Relativitatstheorie" Koniglich Preuaische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1916) Editorial Note: Einstein's Popular Book on Relativity 417 42.On the Special and the General Theory of Relativity (A Popular Account), December 1916 420 Uber die spezielle und die allgemeine Relativitatstheorie (Gemeinverstandlich). Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1917 43."Cosmological Considerations in the General Theory of Relativity," 8 February 1917 540 "Kosmologische Betrachtungen zur allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie" Koniglich Preuaische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1917) 44."Reply to the Plaintiff's Written Statement of 27 December 1916," 17 February 1917 553 "Antwort auf die Schrift der Klagerin vom 27. December 1916" 45."On the Quantum Theorem of Sommerfeld and Epstein," 11 May 1917 "Zum Quantensatz von Sommerfeld und Epstein" 555 Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen 19 (1917) 46.Review of Hermann von Helmholtz, Two Lectures on Goethe, 2 November 1917 568 Zwei Vortrage uber Goethe Die Naturwissenschaften 5 (1917) 47."A Derivation of Jacobi's Theorem," 22 November 1917 "Eine Ableitung des Theorems von Jacobi" Koniglich Preuaische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1917) 48."Marian von Smoluchowski," 14 December 1917 576 Die Naturwissenschaften 5 (1917) 49."The Nightmare," 25 December 1917 580 "Der Angst-Traum" Berliner Tageblatt, 25 December 1917 APPENDIXES A. Summaries of Einstein's Courses, University of Berlin 583 B. Nachschrift of Einstein's Wolfskehl Lectures, summer 1915 586 Literature Cited 591 Indexes 607
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v. 4 ISBN 9780691037059
内容説明
This volume presents Einstein's writings from the final period of his work in Switzerland. Most of the material in Volume 4 documents Einstein's search for a relativistic theory of gravitation, a search that ended in Berlin in the fall of 1915 with the completion of the general theory of relativity. Three scientific manuscripts, printed here for the first time, provide insights into Einstein's efforts to generalize his original relativity theory into a theory of gravitation. The first is a review article on the special theory of relativity. The second consists of notes that document Einstein's research on gravitation. The third manuscript contains calculations on the problem of the motion of the perihelion of Mercury. The explanation of the observed anomaly of this motion was to become one of the classical tests of general relativity. The existence of such a manuscript has not been known before now. All three of these manuscripts, along with other material in this volume, add significantly to our understanding of the creation of general relativity.
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List of Texts ix INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL Introduction to Volume 4 xiii Supplement to the Editorial Method in Previous Volumes xix Acknowledgments xx Note on the Translation xxi Location Symbols and Descriptive Symbols xxii TEXTS 1 Editorial Note: Einstein's Manuscript on the Special Theory of Relativity 3 1.Manuscript on the Special Theory of Relativity, 1912-1914 9 Editorial Note: Einstein on the Law of Photochemical Equivalence 109 2."Thermodynamic Proof of the Law of Photochemical Equivalence," January 1912 114 "Thermodynamische Begrundung des photochemischen Aquivalentgesetzes" Annalen der Physik 37 (1912) Editorial Note: Einstein on Gravitation and Relativity: The Static Field 122 3."The Speed of Light and the Statics of the Gravitational Field," February 1912 129 "Lichtgeschwindigkeit und Statik des Gravitationsfeldes" Annalen der Physik 38 (1912) 4."On the Theory of the Static Gravitational Field," 23 March 1912, and "Note Added in Proof" 146 "Zur Theorie des statischen Gravitationsfeldes" and "Nachtrag zur Korrektur" Annalen der Physik 38 (1912) 5."Supplement to My Paper: 'Thermodynamic Proof of the Law of Photochemical Equivalence'," May 1912 165 "Nachtrag zu meiner Arbeit: 'Thermodynamische Begrundung des photochemischen Aquivalentgesetzes' " Annalen der Physik 38 (1912) 6."Response to a Comment by J. Stark: 'On an Application of Planck's Fundamental Law ...'," 30 May 1912 171 "Antwort auf eine Bemerkung von J. Stark: ,'Uber eine Anwendung des Planckschen Elementargesetzes ... ' " Annalen der Physik 38 (1912) 7."Is There a Gravitational Effect Which Is Analogous to Electrodynamic Induction?" July 1912 174 "Gibt es eine Gravitationswirkung, die der elektrodynamischen Induktionswirkung analog ist?" Vierteljahrsschrift fur gerichtliche Medizin und offentliches Sanitatswesen 44 (1912) 8."Relativity and Gravitation. Reply to a Comment by M. Abraham," 4 July 1912 180 "Relativitat und Gravitation. Erwiderung auf eine Bemerkung von M. Abraham" Annalen der Physik 38 (1912) 9."Comment on Abraham's Preceding Discussion 'Once Again, Relativity and Gravitation'," August 1912 189 "Bemerkung zu Abrahams vorangehender Auseinandersetzung 'Nochmals Relativitat und Gravitation' " Annalen der Physik 39 (1912) Editorial Note: Einstein's Research Notes on a Generalized Theory of Relativity 192 10.Research Notes on a Generalized Theory of Relativity, ca. August 1912 201 Editorial Note: Einstein and Stern on Zero-Point Energy 270 11."Some Arguments for the Assumption of Molecular Agitation at Absolute Zero" (with Otto Stern), December 1912, and "Remark Added in Proof" "Einige Argumente fur die Annahme einer molekularen Agitation beim absoluten Nullpunkt" and "Anmerkung bei der Korrektur" 274 Annalen der Physik 40 (1913) 12."Thermodynamic Deduction of the Law of Photochemical Equivalence," 27 March 1913 286 "Deduction thermodynamique de la loi de l'equivalence photochimique" Journal de physique 3 (1913) Editorial Note: Einstein on Gravitation and Relativity: The Collaboration with Marcel Grossmann 294 13.Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation (with Marcel Grossmann), before 28 May 1913 302 Entwurf einer verallgemeinerten Relatwitatstheorie und einer Theorie der Gravitation Leipzig: Teubner, 1913 Editorial Note: The Einstun-Besso Manuscript on the Motion of the Perihelion of Mercury 344 14.Einstein and Besso: Manuscript on the Motion of the Perihelion of Mercury, June 1913 360 15."Theory of Gravitation," 9 September 1913 "Gravitationstheorie" 474 Schweizerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen 96, part 2 (1913) 16."Physical Foundations of a Theory of Gravitation," 9 September 1913 477 "Physikalische Grundlagen einer Gravitationstheorie" Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Zurich. Vierteljahrsschrift 58 (1914) 17."On the Present State of the Problem of Gravitation," 23 September 1913 486 "Zum gegenwartigen Stande des Gravitationsproblems" Physikalische Zeitschrift 14 (1913) 18."Discussion" following lecture version of "On the Present State of the Problem of Gravitation" (Doc. 17), 23 September 1913 504 19.Lecture Notes for Course on Electricity and Magnetism at the ETH, Winter Semester 1913/1914 512 2October 1913-21 March 1914 20."Theoretical Atomism," before 21 October 1913 520 "Theoretische Atomistik" Paul Hinneberg, ed. Die Kultur der Gegenwart. Ihre Entwicklung und ihre Ziele. Part 3, sec. 3, vol. 1, Physik. Emil Warburg, ed. Leipzig. Teubner, 1915 21."Theory of Relativity," before 21 October 1913 535 "Die Relativitatstheorie" Paul Hinneberg, ed. Die Kultur der Gegenwart. Ihre Entwicklung und ihre Ziele. Part 3, sec. 3, vol. l, Physik. Emil Warburg, ed. Leipzig: Teubner, 1915 22.Discussion remarks following lectures delivered at second Solvay Congress, 27-31 October 1913 552 23."Max Planck as Scientist," 7 November 1913 560 "Max Planck als Forscher" Die Naturwissenschaften 1 (1913 ) 24."Supplementary Response to a Question by Mr. Reissner," 11 December 1913 566 "Nachtragliche Antwort auf eine Frage von Herrn Reianer" Physikalische Zeitschrift 15 (1914) 25."On the Foundations of the Generalized Theory of Relativity and the Theory of Gravitation," January 1914 571 "Prinzipielles zur verallgemeinerten Relativitatstheorie und Gravitationstheorie" Physikalische Zeitschrift 15 (1914) 26."Comments" on "Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation" (the version of Doc. 13 published as an article in Zeitschrift fur Mathematik und Physik), 30 January 1914 579 "Bemerkungen" Zeaschrift fur Mathematik und Physik 62 (1914) 27."On the Theory of Gravitation," 9 February 1914 583 "Zur Theorie der Gravitation" Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Zurich. Vierteljahrsschrift 59. Part 2, Sitzungsberichte (1914) 28."Nordstrom's Theory of Gravitation from the Point of View of the Absolute Differential Calculus" (with Adriaan D. Fokker), 19 February 1914 588 "Die Nordstromsche Gravitationstheorie vom Standpunkt des absoluten Differentialkalkuls" Annalen der Physik 44 (1914) 29."Method for the Determination of Statistical Values of Observations Regarding Quantities Subject to Irregular Fluctuations," 28 February 1914 598 "Methode pour la determination de valeurs statistiques d'observations concernant des grandeurs soumises a des fluctuations irregulieres" Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles 37 (1914) 30."A Method for the Statistical Use of Observations of Apparently Irregular, Quasiperiodic Processes," after 28 February 1914 603 "Eine Methode zur statistischen Verwertung von Beobachtungen scheinbar unregelmassig quasiperiodisch verlaufender Vorgange" 31."On the Relativity Problem," March 1914 608 "Zum Relativitats-Problem" Scientia 15 (1914) APPENDIXES A. Summaries of Einstein's Courses at the ETH 623 B. Facsimile Reproduction of the Manuscript of Document 14 630 Literature Cited 683 Indexes 699
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v. 8, pt. B ISBN 9780691048499
内容説明
This volume opens in spring 1914 when Einstein takes up a research professorship at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin and closes with the collapse of the German Empire four and one-half years later. A good portion of the documentation, which comprises more than 675 letters, has only recently been discovered by the editors. The letters touch on all aspects of Einstein's activities and shed new light on his inner life, while enriching our understanding of his published papers, presented in volumes 6 and 7 of this series. The breakup of Einstein's first marriage and the divorce are presented here for the first time in all their complexity. New material shows Einstein maintaining a strong sense of moral urgency throughout the war. The scientific correspondence documents Einstein's struggle to find satisfactory field equations for his new gravitational theory--the general theory of relativity--and his continued discussion with leading physicists and mathematicians about the implications and further development of the theory.
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List of Texts xiii List of Illustrations xxxv INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL Introduction to Volume 8 xxxvii Editorial Method lv Acknowledgements lxv Note on the Translation lxvii List of Location Symbols lxviii List of Descriptive Symbols lxxi TEXTS 3 Alphabetical List of Texts 979 Calendar 989 Appendix 1032 Literature Cited 1035 Index 1067 Index of Citations 1109
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v. 7 ISBN 9780691057170
内容説明
In the spring of 1919, two British solar eclipse expeditions confirmed the correctness of general relativity theory and propelled Albert Einstein to instant celebrity. Before this major turning point, the majority of Einstein's writings published in this volume dealt with the clarification of general relativistic problems, such as the status of the metric field, the character of gravitational waves, the problem of energy-momentum conservation, and questions of cosmology, such as the nature and size of the universe and the distribution of matter within it. After his rise to international fame, Einstein's publications changed markedly. He faced an increasing demand for popular articles and lectures on relativity, its development and meaning. He also felt compelled to respond to a host of commentators, ranging from skeptical physicists to philosophers trying to reconcile his revolutionary theory with their views. For the first time, he also responded in print to outspoken anti-relativists, some of them fueled by cultural conservatism and, frequently, anti-Semitism.
Einstein used his newly won fame to lend prestige to political causes, especially to the reconciliation among European nations and to Zionism. In the early years of Weimar Germany, Einstein spoke out vigorously for the young republic, emphasizing the rights of the individual. He agonized over the misery of the Central Europeans in the grip of starvation and economic collapse, praised the support of individuals and groups such as the Quakers, and championed the cause of Eastern European Jews. His rejection of assimilation, combined with a fierce defense of the right of Jews to higher education, led Einstein to campaign for the establishment of a university in Palestine, the land which he conceived of as a cultural center for all Jews.
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LIST OF TEXTS AND APPENDIXES xiii INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL Introduction to Volume 7 xxi Supplement to the Editorial Method xliii Acknowledgments xliv Note on the Translation xlvi Location Symbols xlvii Descriptive Symbols xlviii TEXTS 1 Vol. 6, Doc. 44a. "The Principal Ideas of the Theory of Relativity," after December 1916 3 "Die hauptsachlichen Gedanken der Relativitatstheorie" Vol. 6, Doc. 45a. "On the Questionnaire Concerning the Right of National Self-Determination," July 1917-before 10 March 1918 8 "Zum Fragebogen uber das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Volker" 1."On Gravitational Waves," 31 January 1918 11 "Uber Gravitationswellen" Koniglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1918) 2."Note on E. Schrodinger's Paper 'The Energy Components of the Gravitational Field'," 5 February 1918 29 "Notiz zu E. Schrodingers Arbeit 'Die Energiekomponenten des Gravitationsfeldes'" Physikalische Zeitschrift 19 (1918) 3."Comment on Schrodinger's Note 'On a System of Solutions for the Generally Covariant Gravitational Field Equations'," 3 March 1918 33 "Bemerkung zu Herrn Schrodingers Notiz 'Uber ein Losungssystem der allgemein kovarianten Gravitationsgleichungen'" Physikalische Zeitschrift 19 (1918) 4."On the Foundations of the General Theory of Relativity," 6 March 1918 37 "Prinzipielles zur allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie" Annalen der Physik 55 (1918) 5."Critical Comment on a Solution of the Gravitational Field Equations Given by Mr. De Sitter," 7 March 1918 45 "Kritisches zu einer von Hrn. De Sitter gegebenen Losung der Gravitationsgleichungen" Koniglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1918) 6."Is It Possible to Determine Experimentally the X-Ray Refractive Indices of Solids?" 21 March 1918 50 "Lassen sich Brechungsexponenten der Korper fur Rontgenstrahlen experimentell ermitteln?" Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen 20 (1918) 7."Motives for Research," 26 April 1918 54 "Motive des Forschens" Zu Max Plancks sechzigstem Geburtstag. Ansprachen, gehalten am 26. April 1918 in der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft von E. War burg, M. v. Laue, A. Sommerfeld und A. Einstein. Karlsruhe: C. F. Mullersche Hofbuchhandlung, 1918 8."Supplement" to Hermann Weyl, "Gravitation and Electricity," 2 May 1918 60 "Nachtrag" Koniglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1918) 9."The Law of Energy Conservation in the General Theory of Relativity" and "Note Added in Proof," 16 May 1918 63 "Der Energiesatz in der allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie" and "Nachtrag zur Korrektur" Koniglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1918) 10.Review of Hermann Weyl, Space-Time-Matter: Lectures on General Relativity, 21 June 1918 78 Raum-Zeit-Materie Die Naturwissenschaften 6 (1918) 11."Private Expert Opinion on the Objection to Patent Application G 43359 of the Society of Nautical Instruments on the Basis of Patent 241637," 16 July 1918 81 "Privatgutachten zu dem Einspruch gegen die Patentanmeldung G43359 der Gesellschaft fur nautische Instrumente auf Grund des Pantentes 241637" 12.Lecture Notes for Courses on Special Relativity at the University of Berlin and the University of Zurich, Winter Semester 1918-1919, 11 October 1918-second half of February 1919 81 Editorial Note: Einstein's Encounters with German anti-Relativists 101 13."Dialogue about Objections to the Theory of Relativity," before 20 October 1918" 114 "Dialog uber Einwande gegen die Relativitatstheorie" Die Naturwissenschaften 6 (1918) 14.On the Need for a National Assembly, 13 November 1918 123 15."Comment on E. Gehrcke's Note 'On the Ether'," 29 November 1918 126 16. "To the Society 'A Guaranteed Subsistence for All'," 12 December 1918 129 "An den Verein ',Allgemeine Nahrpflicht'" 17."Do Gravitational Fields Play an Essential Role in the Structure of the Elementary Particles of Matter?" 10 April 1919 130 "Spielen Gravitationsfelder im Aufbau der materiellen Elementarteilchen eine wesentliche Rolle?" Koniglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1919) 18."Comment about Periodical Fluctuations of Lunar Longitude, Which So Far Appeared to Be Inexplicable in Newtonian Mechanics," 24 April 1919 141 "Bemerkung uber periodische Schwankungen der Mondlange, welche bisher nach der Newtonschen Mechanik nicht erklarbar schienen" Koniglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1919) 19.Lecture Notes for Course on General Relativity at the University of Berlin, Summer Semester 1919, May-June 1919 147 20.Excerpt from Lecture Notes for Course on General Relativity at the University of Zurich, Summer Semester 1919, after 3 July 1919 185 21."Court Expert Opinion in the Matter of Anschutz & Co. vs. Kreiselbau Co.," 23 July 1919 190 "Gerichts-Gutachten in Sachen Anschutz & Co. contra Kreiselbau-Gesellschaft m.b.H." 22.Comment on Albert von Brunn, "On Mr. Einstein's Remark about the Irregular Fluctuations of Lunar Longitude with an Approximate Period of the Rotation of the Lunar Nodes," 24 July 1919 196 "Bemerkung zur vorstehenden Notiz" Koniglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1919) 23."A Test of the General Theory of Relativity," 9 October 1919 199 "Prufung der allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie" Die Naturwissenschaften 7 (1919) 24."Leo Arons as Physicist," 17 November 1919 202 "Leo Arons als Physiker" Sozialistische Monatshefte 53 (1919) 25."What Is the Theory of Relativity?" before 28 November 1919 206 "Was ist die Relativitats-Theorie?" 26."Time, Space, and Gravitation," 28 November 1919 212 The Times (London), 28 November 1919 27."Welcoming Address to Paul Colin," 16 December 1919 216 "Begrussung an Herrn Colin, gesprochen im Bund Neues Vaterland am 16. XII. 19" 28."Induction and Deduction in Physics," 25 December 1919 218 "Induktion und Deduktion in der Physik" Berliner Tageblatt, 25 December 1919 Editorial Note: Einstein and the Jewish Question 221 29."Immigration from the East," 30 December 1919 237 "Die Zuwanderung aus dem Osten" Berliner Tageblatt, 30 December 1919 30."Expert Opinion on German Patent 269 498 of the A.E.G., Berlin, on a 'Method for the Production of Tungsten Wires for Filaments in Incandescent Lamps,'" 10 January 1920 242 "Gutachten betreffend D.R.P. 269 498 der A.E.G., Berlin, auf ein 'Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wolframdrahten fur Gluhkorper elektrischer Gluhlampen'" 31."Fundamental Ideas and Methods of the Theory of Relativity, Presented in Their Development," after 22 January 1920 245 "Grundgedanken und Methoden der Relativitatstheorie, in ihrer Entwicklung dargestellt" 32.In Support of Georg Nicolai, 26 January 1920 282 33.Uproar in the Lecture Hall, 13 February 1920 284 8-Uhr Abendblatt (Berlin), 13 February 1920 34."Assimilation and Anti-Semitism," 3 April 1920 289 "Assimilation und Antisemitismus" 35."Anti-Semitism. Defense through Knowledge," after 3 April 1920 294 "Antisemitismus. Abwehr durch Erkenntnis" 36.An Exchange of Scientific Literature, 4 April 1920 298 Neue Zurcher Zeitung, 4 April 1920 37.A Confession, 5 April 1920 302 Israelitisches Wochenblatt fur die Schweiz, 24 September 1920 38.Ether and the Theory of Relativity, before 7 April 1920 305 Ather und Relativitatstheorie. Berlin: Springer, 1920 39."Propagation of Sound in Partly Dissociated Gases," 8 April 1920 324 "Schallausbreitung in teilweise dissoziierten Gasen" Koniglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1920) 40.To the German Central Committee for Foreign Relief, 11 July 1920 332 41.On the Quaker Relief Effort, after 11 July 1920 334 42.To the "General Association for Popular Technical Education," 16 July 1920 335 Neue Freie Presse, 24 July 1920 43.On New Sources of Energy, 25 July 1920 338 Berliner Tageblatt, 25 July 1920 44."Comment on the Paper by W. R. Hess, 'Contribution to the Theory of the Viscosity of Heterogeneous Systems'," 3 August 1920 341 "Bemerkung zu der Abhandlung von W. R. Hess 'Beitrag zur Theorie der Viskositat heterogener Systeme'" Kolloid-Zeitschrift 27 (1920) 45."My Response. On the Anti-Relativity Company," 27 August 1920 344 "Meine Antwort. Ueber die anti-relativitatstheoretische G.m.b.H." Berliner Tageblatt, 27 August 1920 46.Discussions of Lectures in Bad Nauheim, 23-24 September 1920 350 Physikalische Zeitschrift 21 (1920) 47.On the Contribution of Intellectuals to International Reconciliation, after 29 September 1920 360 Thoughts on Reconciliation (1920) 48."Private Expert Opinion for Telefunken on the Patents of Meissner and Kuhn," after 11 November 1920 365 "Privat-Gutachten fur Telefunken uber die Patente von Meissner und Kuhn" 49.Response to Ernst Reichenbacher, "To What Extent Can Modern Gravitational Theory Be Established without Relativity?" 20 November 1920 368 "Antwort auf vorstehende Betrachtung" Die Naturwissenschaften 8 (1920) 50."Brief Outline of the Development of the Theory of Relativity," after 8 December 1920 372 "Kurze Skizze zur Entwicklung der Relativitatstheorie" 51."The Common Element in Artistic and Scientific Experience," 27 January 1921 379 "Das Gemeinsame am kunstlerischen und wissenschaftlichen Erleben" Menschen 4 (1921) 52.Geometry and Experience, 27 January 1921 382 Geometrie und Erfahrung. Berlin: Springer, 1921 53."A Brief Outline of the Development of the Theory of Relativity," 17 February 1921 406 Nature 106 (1920-21) 54."On a Natural Addition to the Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity," 3 March 1921 411 "Uber eine naheliegende Erganzung des Fundamentes der allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie" Koniglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1921) 55."In My Defense," 16 March 1921 417 "Zur Abwehr" Die Naturwissenschaften 9 (1921) 56."A Simple Application of the Newtonian Law of Gravitation to Globular Star Clusters," ca. 18 March 1921 420 "Eine einfache Anwendung des Newtonschen Gravitationsgesetzes auf die kugelformigen Sternhaufen" Festschrift der Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften zu ihrem zehnjahrigen Jubilaum dargebracht von ihren Instituten. Berlin: Springer, 1921 57."How I Became a Zionist," before 30 May 1921 426 "Wie ich Zionist wurde" Judische Rundschau, 21 June 1921 58.King's College Lecture, before 13 June 1921 431 59.On a Jewish Palestine. First Version, before 27 June 1921 434 60.On a Jewish Palestine. Final Version, 27 June 1921 438 Judische Rundschau, 1 July 1921 61.On Reporters, 10 August 1921 422 "Einstein und die Interviewer" 62."On the Founding of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem," 26 August 1921 445 "Zur Errichtung der hebraischen Universitat in Jerusalem" Judische Pressezentrale Zurich, 26 August 1921 63."On the Special and General Theory of Relativity," after 1 September 1921 449 "Uber die spezielle und allgemeine Relativitatstheorie" 64.Lecture on the Special Theory of Relativity, after 1 September 1921 458 "Spezielle Relativitatstheorie" 65.On the Misery of Children, 7 October 1921 470 66.Court Expert Opinion in the Matter of Signal Co. vs. Atlas Works, ca. 3 December 1921 472 67."Court Expert Opinion in the Matter of Atlas Works vs. Signal Co.," 3 December 1921 480 "Gerichtsgutachten in Sachen Atlaswerke gegen Signal GmbH" 68."On an Experiment Concerning the Elementary Process of Light Emission," 8 December 1921 483 "Uber ein den Elementarprozess der Lichtemission betreffendes Experiment" Koniglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin). Sitzungsberichte (1921) 69.Impact of Science on the Development of Pacifism, before 9 December 1921 488 Kurt Lenz and Walter Fabian, eds. Die Friedensbewegung. Ein Handbuch der Weltfriedensstromungen der Gegenwart. Berlin: Schwetschke, 1922 70."The Plight of German Science. A Danger for the Nation," 21 December 1921 492 "Die Not der deutschen Wissenschaft. Eine Gefahr fur die Nation" Neue Freie Presse, 25 December 1921 71.Four Lectures on the Theory of Relativity, Held at Princeton University in May 19/21, before 4 January 1922 496 APPENDIXES A. Calculations for Doc. 56, after 14 December 1920 579 B. "On the Moment of Momentum in a Magnetized Body," before 2 April 1921 585 Lecture by Wander de Haas after notes by Einstein C. Lectures on Relativity at Princeton University, and Their English Summaries, 9 and 10 May 1921 590 D. "An Interview with Professor Albert Einstein," 4 July 1921 620 "Een interview met prof. Albert Einstein" Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant, 4 July 1921 E. Impressions of America, 10 July 1921 628 "Einsteins amerikanische Eindruche. Was er wirklich sah" Vossische Zeitung, 10 July 1921 LITERATURE CITED 631 INDEX 655 INDEX OF CITATIONS 683
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v. 2 ISBN 9780691085265
内容説明
This volume of The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein contains the scientific work Einstein published during the first decade of his career, and includes some of the most significant achievements of twentieth-century physics. The first paper was written in 1900 by the twenty-one-year-old Einstein, newly graduated from the Swiss Federal Polytechnical School, or ETH, in Zurich and still searching in vain for a job. The last paper in this volume is the text of an invited lecture given in 1909 to a major scientific meeting by Einstein after he was appointed to his first academic post at the University of Zurich. He had already been recognized as an important theoretical physicist on the basis of the work reprinted here, particularly the three masterpieces that appeared in quick succession during 1905, Einstein's year of miracles. In one of these papers Einstein showed how one could finally confirm the ancient view that matter is composed of discrete atoms, and even measure the numbers and masses of these atoms.
In a second paper, which even he referred to as "very revolutionary," he argued that the observed properties of thermal radiation suggest that it consists not of waves, but rather of localized particles of energy which he called energy quanta. The third and most famous paper set forth the special theory of relativity, solving some long-standing difficulties, but requiring a significant change in our understanding of those basic concepts, space and time.
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List of Texts ix INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL Introduction to Volume 2 xvi Supplement to the Editorial Method in Volume One xxxi A Note on Secondary Literature xxxiii Acknowledgments xxxiv Translation xxxv List of Location Symbols xxxvi TEXTS 3 Editoral Note: Einstein on the Nature of Molecular Forces 3 1."Conclusions Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity," 13 December 1900 "Folgerungen aus den Capillaritatserscheinungen" Annalen der Physik 4 (1901) 9 2."On the Thermodynamic Theory of the Difference in Potentials between Metals and Fully Dissociated Solutions of Their Salts and on an Electrical Method for Investigating Molecular Forces," April 1902 "Ueber die thermodynamische Theorie der Potentialdifferenz zwischen Metallen und vollstandig dissociirten Losungen ihrer Salze und uber eine elektrische Methode zur Erforschung der Molecularkrafte" Annalen der Physik 8 (1902) 22 Editorial Note: Einstein on the Foundations of Statistical Physics 41 3."Kinetic Theory of Thermal Equilibrium and of the Second Law of Thermodynamics," June 1902 "Kinetische Theorie des Warmegleichgewichtes und des zweiten Hauptsatzes der Thermodynamik" Annalen der Physik 9 (1902) 56 4."A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics," January 1903 "Eine Theorie der Grundlagen der Thermodynamik" Annalen der Physik 11 (1903) 76 5."On the General Molecular Theory of Heat," 27 March 1904 "Zur allgemeinen molekularen Theorie der Warme" Annalen der Physik 14 (1904) 98 Editorial Note: Einstein's Reviews for the Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 109 6.Review of Giuseppe Belluzzo, "Principles of Graphic Thermodynamics," first half of March 1905 "Principi di termodinamica grafica" Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 112 7.Review of Albert Fliegner, "On Clausius's Law of Entropy," first half of March 1905 "Uber den Clausius'schen Entropiesatz" Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 115 8.Review of William McFadden Orr, "On Clausius' Theorem for Irreversible Cycles, and on the Increase of Entropy," first half of March 1905 Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 118 9.Review of George Hartley Bryan, "The Law of Degradation of Energy as the Fundamental Principle of Thermodynamics," first half of March 1905 Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 120 10.Review of Nikolay Nikolayevich Schiller, "Some Concerns Regarding the Theory of Entropy Increase Due to the Diffusion of Gases Where the Initial Pressures of the Latter Are Equal," first half of March 1905 "Einige Bedenken betreffend die Theorie der Entropievermehrung durch Diffusion der Gase bei einander gleichen Anfangsspannungen der letzteren" Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 122 11.Review of Jakob Johann Weyrauch, "On the Specific Heats of Superheated Water Vapor," first half of March 1905 "Ueber die spezifischen Warmen des uberhitzten Wasserdampfes" Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 125 12.Review of Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, "The Influence of the Change in Specific Heat on the Work of Conversion," first half of March 1905 "Einfluss der Anderung der spezifischen Warme auf die Umwandlungsarbeit" Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 127 13.Review of Arturo Giammarco, "A Case of Corresponding States in Thermodynamics," first half of March 1905 "Un caso di corrispondenza in termodinamica" Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 131 Editorial Note: Einstein's Early Work on the Quantum Hypothesis 134 14."On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light," 17 March 1905 "Uber einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt" Annalen der Physik 17 (1905) 149 Editorial Note: Einstein's Dissertation on the Determination of Molecular Dimensions 170 15.A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions (University of Zurich dissertation), 30 April 1905 Eine neue Bestimmung der MolekuldimensionenBern: Buchdruckerei K. J. Wyss, 1906 183 Editorial Note: Einstein on Brownian Motion 206 16."On the Movement of Small Particles Suspended in Stationary Liquids Required by the Molecular-Kinetic Theory of Heat," May 1905 "Uber die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Warme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flussigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen" Annalen der Physik 17 (1905) 223 17.Review of Karl Fredrik Slotte, "On the Heat of Fusion," second half of June 1905 "Uber die Schmelzwarme" Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 237 18.Review of Karl Fredrik Slotte, "Conclusions Drawn from a Thermodynamic Equation," second half of June 1905 "Folgerungen aus einer thermodynamischen Gleichung" Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 240 19.Review of Emile Mathias, "The Constant a of Rectilinear Diameters and the Laws of Corresponding States," second half of June 1905 "La constante a des dametres rectilignes et les lois des etats correspondants" Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 242 20.Review of Max Planck, "On Clausius' Theorem for Irreversible Cycles, and on the Increase of Entropy," second half of June 1905 Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 245 21.Review of Edgar Buckingham, "On Certain Difficulties Which Are Encountered in the Study of Thermodynamics," second half of June 1905 Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 247 22.Review of Paul Langevin, "On a Fundamental Formula of the Kinetic Theory," second half of June 1905 "Sur une formule fondamentale de la theorie cinetique" Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 250 Editorial Note: Einstein on the Theory of Relativity 253 23."On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies," June 1905 "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Korper" Annalen der Physik 17 (1905) 275 24."Does the Inertia of a Body Depend upon its Energy Content?" September 1905 "Ist die Tragheit eines Korpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhangig?" Annalen der Physik 18 (1905) 311 25.Review of Heinrich Birven, Fundamentals of the Mechanical Theory of Heat, second half of September 1905 Grundzuge der mechanischen Warmetheorie Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 316 26.Review of Auguste Ponsot, "Heat in the Displacement of the Equilibrium of a Capillary System," second half of September 1905 "Chaleur dans le deplacement de l'equilibre d'un systeme capillaire" Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 318 27.Review of Karl Bohlin, "On Impact Considered as the Basis of Kinetic Theories of Gas Pressure and of Universal Gravitation," second half of September 1905 "Sur le choc, considere comme fondement des theories cinetiques de la pression des gaz et de la gravitation universelle" Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 320 28.Review of Georges Meslin, "On the Constant in Mariotte and Gay-Lussac's Law," first half of November 1905 "Sur la constante de la loi de Mariotte et Gay-Lussac" Betblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 323 29.Review of Albert Fliegner, "The Efflux of Hot Water from Container Orifices," first half of November 1905 "Das Ausstromen heissen Wassers aus Gefassmundungen" Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 325 30.Review of Jakob Johann Weyrauch, An Outline of the Theory of Heat. With Numerous Examples and Applications. Part 1, second half of November 1905 Grundriss der Warmetheorie. Mit zahlreichen Beispielen und Anwendungen Betblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 327 31.Review of Albert Fliegner, "On the Thermal Value of Chemical Processes," second half of November 1905 "Uber den Warmewert chemischer Vorgange" Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 29 (1905) 331 32."On the Theory of Brownian Motion," December 1905 "Zur Theorie der Brownschen Bewegung" Annalen der Physik 19 (1906) 333 33."Supplement" to "A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions" [the version of Document 15 published as an article in the Annalen der Physik], January 1906 Annalen der Physik 19 (1906) 346 34."On the Theory of Light Production and Light Absorption," March 1906 "Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtabsorption" Annalen der Physik 20 (1906) 349 35."The Principle of Conservation of Motion of the Center of Gravity and the Inertia of Energy," May 1906 "Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung und die Tragheit der Energie" Annalen der Physik 20 (1906) 359 36."On a Method for the Determination of the Ratio of the Transverse and the Longitudinal Mass of the Electron," August 1906 "Uber eine Methode zur Bestimmung des Verhaltnisses der transversalen und longitudinalen Masse des Elektrons" Annalen der Physik 21 (1906) 367 37.Review of Max Planck, Lectures on the Theory of Thermal Radiation, first half of August 1906 Vorlesungen uber die Theorie der Warmestrahlung Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 30 (1906) 373 38."Planck's Theory of Radiation and the Theory of Specific Heat," November 1906 "Die Plancksche Theorie der Strahlung und die Theorie der spezifischen Warme" Annalen der Physik 22 (1907) 378 39."On the Limit of Validity of the Law of Thermodynamic Equilibrium and on the Possibility of a New Determination of the Elementary Quanta," December 1906 "Uber die Gultigkeitsgrenze des Satzes vom thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht und uber die Moglichkeit einer neuen Bestimmung der Elementarquanta" Annalen der Physik 22 (1907) 392 40."Theoretical Remarks on Brownian Motion," January 1907 Theoretische Bemerkungen uber die Brownsche Bewegung" Zeitschrift fur Elektrochemie und angewandte physikalische Chemie 13 (1907) 398 41."On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle," March 1907 "Uber die Moglichkeit einer neuen Prufung des Relativitatsprinzips" Annalen der Physik 23 (1907) 401 42."Correction to My Paper: 'Planck's Theory of Radiation, etc.' " [Document 38], 3 March 1907 "Berichtigung zu meiner Arbeit: 'Die Plancksche Theorie der Strahlung etc.' " Annalen der Physik 22 (1907) 404 43.Author's abstract of lecture "On the Nature of the Movements of Microscopically Small Particles Suspended in Liquids," held 23 March 1907 "Ueber die Natur der Bewegungen mikroskopisch kleiner, in Flussigkeiten suspendierter Teilchen" Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bern. Mitteilungen (1907) 407 44."Comments on the Note of Mr. Paul Ehrenfest: 'The Translatory Motion of Deformable Electrons and the Area Law,' " 14 April 1907 "Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: 'Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flachensatz' " Annalen der Physik 23 (1907) 409 45."On the Inertia of Energy Required by the Relativity Pnnciple," May 1907 "Uber die vom Relativitatspnnzip geforderte Tragheit der Energie" Annalen der Physik 23 (1907) 413 46.Review of Jakob Johann Weyrauch, An Outline of the Theory of Heat. With Numerous Examples and Applications. Part 2, second half of August 1907 Grundriss der Warmetheorie. Mit zahlreichen Beispielen und Anwendungen Beiblatter zu den Annalen der Physik 31 (1907) 429 47."On the Relativity Pnnciple and the Conclusions Drawn from It," 4 December 1907 "Uber das Relativitatspnnzip und die aus demselben gezogenen Folgerungen" Jahrbuch der Radioaktivitat und Elektronik 4 (1907) 432 48."A New Electrostatic Method for the Measurement of Small Quantities of Electricity," 13 February 1908 "Eine neue elektrostatische Methode zur Messung kleiner Elektrizitatsmengen" Physikalische Zeitschrift 9 (1908) 489 49."Corrections to the Paper: 'On the Relativity Principle and the Conclusions Drawn from It'" [Document 47], 29 February 1908 "Berichtigungen zu der Arbeit: 'Uber das Relativitatsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen Folgerungen'" Jahrbuch der Radioaktivitat und Elektronik 5 (1908) 493 50."Elementary Theory of Brownian Motion," 1 April 1908 "Elementare Theorie der Brownschen Bewegung" Zeitschrift fur Elektrochemie und angewandte physikalische Chemie 14 (1908) 496 Editorial Note: Einstein and Laub on the Electrodynamics of Moving Media 503 51."On the Fundamental Electromagnetic Equations for Moving Bodies" (with Jakob Laub), 29 April 1908 "Uber die elektromagnetischen Grundgleichungen fur bewegte Korper" Annalen der Physik 26 (1908) 508 52."On the Ponderomotive Forces Exerted on Bodies at Rest in the Electromagnetic Field" (with Jakob Laub), 7 May 1908 "Uber die im elektromagnetischen Felde auf ruhende Korper ausgeubten ponderomotorischen Krafte" Annalen der Physik 26 (1908) 518 53."Correction to the Paper: 'On the Fundamental Electromagnetic Equations for Moving Bodies' " (with Jakob Laub) [Document 51], 24 August 1908 "Berichtigung zur Abhandlung: 'Uber die elektromagnetischen Grundgleichungen fur bewegte Korper' " Annalen der Physik 27 (1908) 529 54."Remarks on Our Paper: 'On the Fundamental Electromagnetic Equations for Moving Bodies' " (with Jakob Laub) [Document 51], November 1908, and 531 "Supplement," 19 January 1909 "Bemerkungen zu unserer Arbeit: 'Uber die elektromagnetischen Grundgleichungen fur bewegte Korper,' " and "Nachtrag" Annalen der Physik 28 (1909) 531 55."Comment on the Paper of D. Mirimanoff: 'On the Fundamental Equations ... ,' " January 1909 "Bemerkung zu der Arbeit von D. Mirimanoff: 'Uber die Grundgleichungen ...' " Annalen der Physik 28 (1909) 536 56."On the Present Status of the Radiation Problem," January 1909 "Zum gegenwartigen Stand des Strahlungsproblems" Physikalische Zeitschaft 10 (1909) 541 57."On the Present Status of the Radiation Problem" (with Walter Ritz), April 1909 "Zum gegenwartigen Stand des Strahlungsproblems" Physikalische Zeitschrift 10 (1909) 554 58.Extract from "Discussion" following lecture version of Henry Siedentopf, "On Ultramicroscopic Images," 20 September 1909 Physikalische Zeitschrift 10 (1909) 556 59.Extract from "Discussion" following lecture version of Arthur Szarvassi, "The Theory of Electromagnetic Phenomena in Moving Bodies and the Energy Principle," 21 September 1909 Physikalische Zeitschrift 10 (1909) 560 60."On the Development of Our Views Concerning the Nature and Constitution of Radiation," 21 September 1909 "Uber die Entwickelung unserer Anschauungen uber das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung" Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen 7 (1909) 563 61."Discussion" following lecture version of "On the Development of Our Views Concerning the Nature and Constitution of Radiation" [Document 60], 21 September 1909 Physikalische Zeitschrift 10 (1909) 584 62."Discussion" following lecture version of Fritz Hasenohrl, "On the Transformation of Kinetic Energy into Radiation," 21 September 1909 Physikalische Zeitschrift 10 (1909) 588 Literture Cited 591 Indexes 625
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v. 11 ISBN 9780691141879
内容説明
This index volume provides quick access to the most authoritative compilation of documents and information concerning Einstein's work and correspondence for the first half of his life. It offers readers a Cumulative Index to the first ten volumes of the collected papers, the first complete bibliography of Einstein's scientific and nonscientific writings until 1921, and a succinct biographical time line. This volume is an invaluable research tool for delving into Einstein's written legacy; his interactions with colleagues, institutions, friends, and family; and his scientific, political, educational, and social activities. Volume 11 presents three important and unique bibliographies: the List of Writings, 1891-1921; the Einstein Bibliography, 1901-1921; and a Cumulative Bibliography and Index of Citations for Volumes 1-10. The List of Writings includes all of Einstein's manuscripts that remained unpublished by 1921, while the Einstein Bibliography includes documents that were republished during this period. The Cumulative Bibliography and Index of Citations lists all literature written by authors cited in at least one of the first ten volumes of the series.
This volume also contains two complete lists of Einstein's correspondence up through 1920, and a Chronology of Einstein's life for the years 1879-1921. The first list presents the correspondence in chronological order, while the second list presents the correspondence in alphabetical order by correspondent. The indexes and bibliographies implicitly correct inconsistencies and errata across the different volumes. Other corrections are explicitly collected in a List of Errata for the first ten volumes of the series.
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Volumes Published to Date VOLUME 1: The Early Years, 1879-1902 edited by John Stachel, David C. Cassidy, and Robert Schulmann (1987) VOLUME 2: The Swiss Years: Writings, 1900-1909 edited by John Stachel, David C. Cassidy, Jurgen Renn, and Robert Schulmann (1989) VOLUME 3: The Swiss Years: Writings, 1909-1911 edited by Martin J. Klein, A. J. Kox, Jurgen Renn, and Robert Schulmann (1993) VOLUME 4: The Swiss Years: Writings, 1912-1914 edited by Martin J. Klein, A. J. Kox, Jurgen Renn, and Robert Schulmann (1995) VOLUME 5: The Swiss Years: Correspondence, 1902-1914 edited by Martin J. Klein, A. J. Kox, and Robert Schulmann (1993) VOLUME 6: The Berlin Years: Writings, 1914-1917 edited by A. J. Kox, Martin J. Klein, and Robert Schulmann (1996) VOLUME 7: The Berlin Years: Writings, 1918-1921 edited by Michel Janssen, Robert Schulmann, Jozsef Illy, Christoph Lehner, and Diana Kormos Buchwald (2002) VOLUME 8: The Berlin Years: Correspondence, 1914-1918 edited by Robert Schulmann, A. J. Kox, Michel Janssen, and Jozsef Illy (1998) VOLUME 9: The Berlin Years: Correspondence, January 1919-April 1920 edited by Diana Kormos Buchwald, Robert Schulmann, Jozsef Illy, Daniel J. Kennefick, and Tilman Sauer (2004) VOLUME 10: The Berlin Years: Correspondence, May-December 1920 and Supplementary Correspondence, 1909-1919 edited by Diana Kormos Buchwald, Tilman Sauer, Ze'ev Rosenkranz, Jozsef Illy, and Virginia Iris Holmes (2006) VOLUME 11: Cumulative Index, Bibliography, List of Correspondence, Chronology, and Errata to Volumes 1-10 compiled by A. J. Kox, Tilman Sauer, Diana Kormos Buchwald, Rudy Hirschmann, Osik Moses, Benjamin Aronin, and Jennifer Stolper (2009) VOLUME 12: The Berlin Years: Correspondence, January-December 1921 edited by Diana Kormos Buchwald, Ze'ev Rosenkranz, Tilman Sauer, Jozsef Illy, and Virginia Iris Holmes (2009)
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v. 12 ISBN 9780691141909
内容説明
In this latest volume, Einstein's visible public persona is amply documented in his correspondence, honors and prizes, lectures and travels, articles, and the many solicitations asking him to join public initiatives. Einstein joins a Zionist fundraising mission led by Ch. Weizmann, and he visits the United States for the first time. Einstein travels to major cities, including New York, Boston, and Chicago, and he delivers his now famous Princeton Lectures. Scientific issues remain at the core of Einstein's preoccupations. Correspondence with N. Bohr, W. Bothe, P. Ehrenfest, H. Geiger, H. A. Lorentz, L. Meitner, and A. Sommerfeld records Einstein's interest in and contributions to the emerging modern quantum theory. He addresses conceptual problems, such as the fundamental nature of light and its emission mechanism, in a proposed experiment with canal rays. Einstein continues to engage in original research, other expert opinions, and patent applications. Throughout the year, Einstein navigates complex territory in his professional and personal life. He travels with his older son to Bologna, yet turns down repeated invitations to Munich. He mends his friendship with M.
Born, but receives stinging criticism from F. Haber for traveling to the United States. He supports the nomination of Masaryk for a Nobel Peace Prize, travels to Amsterdam in order to intervene on behalf of Germany at the Paris reparations conference, and assists Russian physicists in their efforts to rebuild and develop Russian science. Einstein's letters reveal his Social Democratic political positions.
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List of Texts xiii List of Illustrations xxv INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL Introduction to Volume 12 xxvii Editorial Method of the Series lxi Acknowledgments lxx Note on the Translation lxxiii Location Symbols lxxiv Descriptive Symbols lxxvi TEXTS 1 Alphabetical List of Texts 405 Calendar 419 Appendixes 489 Literature Cited 549 Index 569 Index of Citations 604
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v. 13 ISBN 9780691156736
内容説明
In April 1922, we find Einstein lecturing in Paris, engaged in reestablishing ties among scientists in former enemy nations. Meanwhile, back in Berlin, political tensions are rising. In June, the brutal murder of his friend, Germany's foreign minister, Walther Rathenau, heavily affects Einstein who, for a while, fears for his own safety and briefly contemplates leaving Berlin and abandoning academic life altogether. When only a few months later it is announced that he will be awarded the Nobel Prize, after more than a decade of nominations, Einstein is on a steamer heading from Europe to Japan. As we learn in this volume, although he knew in advance of the coming prize, he nevertheless embarked on his longest voyage yet. His travel diary, published here for the first time, recounts in poetic prose the hectic schedule on land, the contemplative rest at sea, and his musings on science, philosophy, and art during his first encounter with the Far East, Palestine, and Spain. Einstein's work and intense scientific exchanges--with N. Bohr, P. Ehrenfest, A. Sommerfeld, M. Born, and others--during these fifteen months result in remarkable publications and intellectual developments.
A paper written with Ehrenfest shows with uncompromising clarity that the outcome of the recent Stern-Gerlach experiment could not be explained by either classical or quantum theory. In a similar vein, he analyzes the phenomenon of superconductivity. Clearly among the leading quantum theorists, he focuses on its conceptual bases, tirelessly proposing crucial experiments that could decide between classical and quantum physics. We also see foundational interests develop in his concerns with a unified field theory of electromagnetism and gravitation. A translation of selected non-English texts included in Volume 13 is available in paperback at http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9874.html
目次
List of Texts xiii List of Illustrations xxxi INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL Introduction to Volume 13 xxxiii Editorial Method of the Series lxxix Acknowledgments lxxxvii Note on the Translation lxxxix List of Abbreviations xc Location Symbols xci Descriptive Symbols xciv TEXTS 1 Alphabetical List of Correspondence 753 Chronology 771 Calendar of Abstracts 783 Appendixes 833 Literature Cited 893 Index 921 Index of Citations 973
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v. 15 ISBN 9780691178813
内容説明
This volume covers one of the most thrilling two-year periods in twentieth-century physics, as matrix mechanics-developed chiefly by W. Heisenberg, M. Born, and P. Jordan-and wave mechanics-developed by E. Schroedinger-supplanted the earlier quantum theory. The almost one hundred writings by Einstein, of which a third have never been published, and the more than thirteen hundred letters show Einstein's immense productivity and hectic pace of life.
Einstein quickly grasps the conceptual peculiarities involved in the new quantum mechanics, such as the difference between Schroedinger's wave function and a field defined in spacetime, or the emerging statistical interpretation of both matrix and wave mechanics. Inspired by correspondence with G. Y. Rainich, he investigates with Jakob Grommer the problem of motion in general relativity, hoping for a hint at a new avenue to unified field theory.
Einstein falls victim to scientific fraud when, in a collaboration with E. Rupp, he becomes convinced that the latter's experiments, aimed at deciding whether excited atoms emit light instantaneously (in quanta) or in a finite time (in waves), confirm a wave-theoretic explanation.
While it was known that the teenage Einstein had been romantically involved with Marie Winteler in 1895, newly discovered documents reveal that his love for Marie was rekindled in 1909-10 while he was still married to Mileva Maric.
The 1925 Locarno Treaties renew Einstein's optimism in European reconciliation. He backs the "International manifesto against compulsory military service" and continues his participation in the League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation. He remains intensely committed to the shaping of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, although his enthusiasm for this cause is sorely tested.
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